SN 1961V was an abnormal, supernova-like event that was a potential supernova impostor.[2][3] It was discovered by Paul Wild on 11 July 1961.[4] The potential impostor nature of SN 1961V was first identified by Fritz Zwicky in 1964.[5][3] SN 1961V occurred in galaxy NGC 1058, about 9.3 Mpc away (about 30 million light years).[6] Unlike many supernovae, the progenitor star is tentatively known: an extremely large, very bright blue star, similar to Eta Carinae.[3][6] Mass estimates of the precursor star were as high as 2000 times the mass of the sun, but these are likely to be extreme overestimates.[3][7] If SN 1961V was not a supernova then it was most likely an extremely large outburst by a luminous blue variable star.
| Event type | Supernova  |
|---|---|
| possibly Type II (potential impostor) | |
| Date | 11 July 1961 |
| Constellation | Perseus |
| Right ascension | 02h 43m 36.42s[1] |
| Declination | +37° 20′ 43.6″[1] |
| Epoch | J2000 |
| Distance | 9,300,000 pc (30,000,000 ly) |
| Remnant | unknown |
| Host | NGC 1058 |
| Progenitor type | LBV |
| Notable features | potential supernova impostor |
| Peak apparent magnitude | +12.5 |
| Other designations | SN 1961V |
The remnant of SN 1961V's explosion is expanding at 2,000 km/s, which is much slower than the majority of supernovae.[3] The profile of its light curve, with a gradual climb to maximum brightness, was unusual when compared to a supernova. This unusual light curve led to suspicion that it was some other event. If the star survived this would identify SN 1961V as an impostor supernova rather than a true supernova. Attempts to determine if the progenitor star is still present have been extensive and have included use of both the Hubble Space Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope.[3] These attempts have been hampered by the cloud of debris from the event, which have left the area obscured.
Christopher Kochanek at Ohio State University has compared the event to the confirmed supernova SN 2005gl and suggested that the low velocity of expansion can be explained by a pre-supernova mass loss event similar to that which was observed to occur in SN 2005gl.[8] The analysis by Kochanek's group strongly suggests that SN 1961V was indeed a genuine supernova. Almost at the same moment, another team detected a highly luminous blue star, labeled Object 7, remaining at the site of the supernova, although they couldn't rule out this being a surviving companion of the exploded star.[9]
References
edit- ^ a b "SN 1961V". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 2021-01-25.
- ^ Arnett, W.D.; et al. (1989). "Supernova 1987A". Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 27: 629–700. Bibcode:1989ARA&A..27..629A. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.27.090189.003213.
- ^ a b c d e f Voisey, Jon (5 November 2010). "What was SN 1961V?". Universe Today. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
- ^ Brager, J. (1 August 1961). "Circular No. 1764". Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams. Observatory Copenhagen. Retrieved 30 November 2024.
- ^ Zwicky, F. (1964). "NGC 1058 and its Supernova 1961". The Astrophysical Journal. 139: 514. doi:10.1086/147779.
- ^ a b You-Hua Chu; Robert A. Gruendl; Christopher J. Stockdale; Michael P. Rupen; John J. Cowan; Scott W. Teare (2011). The Nature of SN1961V (PDF) (Report). Retrieved August 5, 2011.
- ^ Utrobin, V. P. (1984). "Supernova SN 1961v - an explosion of a very massive star". Astrophysics and Space Science. 98 (1): 115–147. Bibcode:1984Ap&SS..98..115U. doi:10.1007/BF00651954. S2CID 120870135.
- ^ Christopher Kochanek; D. M. Szczygiel; K. Z. Stanek (2010). The Supernova Impostor Impostor SN 1961V: Spitzer Shows That Zwicky Was Right (Again) (Report). arXiv:1010.3704v1.
- ^ Van Dyk, S. D.; Matheson, T. (2012). "It's Alive! The Supernova Impostor 1961V". The Astrophysical Journal. 746 (2): 179. arXiv:1112.0299. Bibcode:2012ApJ...746..179V. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/746/2/179. S2CID 51073601.
External links
edit- Spectra Archived 2017-10-23 at the Wayback Machine on the Open Supernova Catalog Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine