Rumanura famine

The Rumanura famine was a famine that occurred between 1916 and 1918 during the Belgian military occupation of Ruanda-Urundi in World War I when the agricultural cycle of the Mulera region was at its low end and could not provide for the Bugoyi region.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Overview

In 1916, hostilities in the region caused the Belgian and German troops to clash on Bugoyi Plain. During this time, famine broke out and rapidly spread, aggravated by unbalanced rainfalls as well as by feudal coercion. Unlike other famines that had taken place since 1897, the Rumanura famine spread until it eventually covered the whole kingdom.^[3]

References

^ Iliffe, John (1986). The African Poor: A History. Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-521-34877-5.
^ Gebauer, Claudia (2018). Changing Climates: Translating Adaptation in|to Rwanda. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 237. ISBN 978-3-643-90826-1.
^ ^a ^b Lugan, Bernard (1976). "Causes et effets de la famine « Rumanura » au Rwanda, 1916–18". Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 10 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1080/00083968.1976.10803760. ISSN 0008-3968. PMID 11631781.

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[1] Iliffe, John (1986). The African Poor: A History. Cambridge University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-521-34877-5.

[2] Gebauer, Claudia (2018). Changing Climates: Translating Adaptation in|to Rwanda. LIT Verlag Münster. p. 237. ISBN 978-3-643-90826-1.

[:0-3] Lugan, Bernard (1976). "Causes et effets de la famine « Rumanura » au Rwanda, 1916–18". Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines. 10 (2): 347–356. doi:10.1080/00083968.1976.10803760. ISSN 0008-3968. PMID 11631781.

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