Wikipedia

Roi Cohen Kadosh

Roi Cohen Kadosh (Hebrew: רועי כהן קדוש, born 1976) is an Israeli-British cognitive neuroscientist notable for his work on numerical and mathematical cognition and learning and cognitive enhancement. He is a professor of Cognitive Neuroscience and the head of the School of Psychology at the University of Surrey.

Roi Cohen Kadosh
Born1976 (age 47–48)
Israel
NationalityIsraeli, British
Scientific career
FieldsCognitive Neuroscience, Numerical Cognition, Cognitive enhancement
InstitutionsUniversity of Surrey
Doctoral advisorAvishai Henik
WebsiteProf Roi Cohen Kadosh - University of Surrey

Biography

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Cohen Kadosh was born in Israel in 1976. He became interested in psychology at age 14, following his mother's illness and early death. After his mandatory service in the Israel Defence Forces, he started his studies at Achva College, and received his undergraduate degree in Behavioral Science from Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in 2002.

Based on his achievements in his undergraduate studies, he received the prestigious Kreitman Foundation Doctoral Fellowship and was accepted to the direct track in PhD in neuropsychology with Prof. Avishai Henik. During his PhD degree (summa cum laude), he completed the European Diploma in Cognitive and Brain Sciences (EDCBS), and training in neuroimaging at the Max Planck Institute for Brain Research with Prof. David Linden. He received training as an intern in clinical neuropsychology, at Beit Loewenstein Rehabilitation Center. He then decided to follow a research career and received a Rothschild post-doctoral fellowship and funding from European Commission and the International Brain Research Organization to join the Institute Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London for his postdoctoral training.

In 2009 he received a Wellcome Trust Career Development Fellowship to move to the University of Oxford where he established his lab. In 2015 he received the Professorial Distinction Award by the University of Oxford and became a full professor. In 2021, he moved to the University of Surrey to take headship of the School of Psychology.[1] In 2021 he also founded Cognite Neurotechnology Ltd,[2] a start-up company that uses the findings from his studies to combine AI and neuromodulation to provide personalised, safe, and painless technology to improve cognition and learning for therapeutic or augmentation purposes.

Research

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Numerical cognition

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Cohen Kadosh started to work on numerical cognition under the supervision of Avishai Henik. His work has focused on how humans represent numbers and the psychological and biological mechanisms that support superior,[3] typical,[4][5] and impaired numerical understanding,[6] a research with implications for a wide range of fields including Psychology, Education, and Neuroscience. His work in this field has led to significant changes in several dominant theories of numerical cognition.[7][8]

Synesthesia

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Cohen Kadosh has revealed some of the cognitive and perceptual principles of synesthesia[9][10] and its neurobiological mechanisms,[11][12][13] which has implications for the field of neuroplasticity and learning. He has also suggested that the origins of synesthesia might be due to a failure in cortical specialization during infancy and childhood.[14]

Excitation/Inhibition balance

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Cohen Kadosh's research on excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance focuses on the brain's regulation of these processes. In a healthy brain, excitation and inhibition are balanced to ensure proper functioning of neural circuits. Disruptions in this balance are linked to a variety of cognitive and neurological conditions, including ADHD, schizophrenia, and autism.

Cohen Kadosh has explored how E/I balance may impact learning and cognitive functions. Using non-invasive methods, his research revealed that excitation and inhibition levels change throughout development, influencing brain plasticity, learning, and cognition. Cohen Kadosh has also pioneered the use of neurostimulation to modulate E/I activity. His work has provided the foundation for developing interventions for atypical development, neuropsychiatric disorders, and cognitive enhancement.

Cognitive enhancement

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Cohen Kadosh has been one of the pioneers in combining cognitive training with non-invasive brain stimulation to show its impact on cognition,[15][16] learning,[17] and brain functions.[18] He has examined the role of individual differences at the psychological[19][16][20] and biological level[11] on the impact of brain stimulation on behaviour, those allowing a better mechanistic understanding of brain stimulation and learning. In the last years he has extended his research to the field of attention by showing the ability to modulate sustained attention using non-invasive brain stimulation and working together with Tech Innosphere Ltd, to find a non-pharmacological, safe, and long-lasting solution for children with Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and with Cognite Neurotechnology Ltd to find effective and personalised solutions to improve attentional abilities in healthy adults.

Neuroethics

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Cohen Kadosh has collaborated with neuroethicists to highlight the implications of brain stimulation for cognitive enhancement[21] and shape the current regulation.[22]

Select awards and honours

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He has received more than 60 awards, grants, and honours which include:


In addition, he has contributed to the wider national and international academic community's general life through various roles and activities including advising policymakers, non-governmental agencies, and commercial companies, co-founding international scientific societies, and chairing international panels, including the ERC and FCT.

Selected works

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Papers

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  • 2023 - Human Neuronal Excitation/Inhibition Balance Explains and Predicts Neurostimulation Induced Learning Benefits.
  • 2023 - Transcranial Random Noise Stimulation combined with Cognitive Training for Treating ADHD: A Randomized, Sham-Controlled Clinical Trial.
  • 2021 - Predicting learning and achievement using GABA and glutamate concentrations in human development.
  • 2021 - The impact of a lack of mathematical education on brain development and future attainment.
  • 2021- Scaffolding the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Brain Using Transcranial Direct Current and Random Noise Stimulation: a Randomized Controlled Trial.
  • 2021 - Personalized Closed-Loop Brain Stimulation for Effective Neurointervention[26]
  • 2019 - Suboptimal Engagement of High-Level Cortical Regions Predicts Random-Noise-Related Gains in Sustained Attention[27]
  • 2018 - Learning while multitasking: short and long-term benefits of brain stimulation[28]
  • 2015 - Enhancing cognition using transcranial electrical stimulation[29]
  • 2015 – Linking GABA and glutamate levels to cognitive skill acquisition during development; Human Brain Mapping.[30]
  • 2014 - Cognitive enhancement or cognitive cost: Trait-specific outcomes of brain stimulation in the case of mathematics anxiety; The Journal of Neuroscience.[31]
  • 2013 - The mental cost of cognitive enhancement; The Journal of Neuroscience.[17]
  • 2013 - Long-term enhancement of brain function and cognition using cognitive training and brain stimulation; Current Biology.[18]
  • 2012 – The Neuroethics of Non-invasive Brain Stimulation; Current Biology.[21]
  • 2011 – Enhanced cortical excitability in grapheme-colour synaesthesia and its modulation; Current Biology.[12]
  • 2010 – Modulating Neuronal Activity Produces Specific and Long Lasting Changes in Numerical Competence; Current Biology.[15]
  • 2009 – Numerical Representation in the Parietal Lobes: Abstract or not Abstract?; Behavioral and Brain Sciences.[8]
  • 2007 – Notation-Dependent and -Independent Representations of Numbers in the Parietal Lobes; Neuron.[5]
  • 2007 – Virtual Dyscalculia Induced by Parietal Lobe TMS Impairs Automatic Magnitude Processing; Current Biology.[6]

Miscellaneous

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  • 2014 – The Neuroscience of Mathematical Cognition and Learning. An Expert Paper produced on the request of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), Paris.[32]
  • 2014 – The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices (Policy Paper).[33]

Books

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  • 2021 - Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) in neurodevelopmental disorders
  • 2015 – The Oxford Handbook of Numerical Cognition[34]
  • 2014 - The Stimulated Brain: Cognitive Enhancement Using Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation[35]

References

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  1. ^ "Prof Roi Cohen Kadosh | University of Surrey".
  2. ^ "Cognite Neurotechnology".
  3. ^ Sella, Francesco; Sader, Elie; Lolliot, Simon; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (2016). "Basic and advanced numerical performances relate to mathematical expertise but are fully mediated by visuospatial skills". Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. 42 (9): 1458–1472. doi:10.1037/xlm0000249. PMC 5008436. PMID 26913930.
  4. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Henik, Avishai; Rubinsten, Orly; Mohr, Harald; Dori, Halit; van de Ven, Vincent; Zorzi, Marco; Hendler, Talma; Goebel, Rainer (1 January 2005). "Are numbers special?: The comparison systems of the human brain investigated by fMRI". Neuropsychologia. 43 (9): 1238–1248. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.017. PMID 15949508. S2CID 1684440.
  5. ^ a b Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin; Kaas, Amanda; Henik, Avishai; Goebel, Rainer (18 January 2007). "Notation-dependent and -independent representations of numbers in the parietal lobes". Neuron. 53 (2): 307–314. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2006.12.025. ISSN 0896-6273. PMID 17224410. S2CID 6072748.
  6. ^ a b Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin; Schuhmann, Teresa; Kaas, Amanda; Goebel, Rainer; Henik, Avishai; Sack, Alexander T. (17 April 2007). "Virtual Dyscalculia Induced by Parietal-Lobe TMS Impairs Automatic Magnitude Processing". Current Biology. 17 (8): 689–693. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.02.056. PMID 17379521. S2CID 18084538.
  7. ^ Gebuis, Titia; Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Gevers, Wim (1 November 2016). "Sensory-integration system rather than approximate number system underlies numerosity processing: A critical review". Acta Psychologica. 171: 17–35. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2016.09.003. PMID 27640140. S2CID 6011166.
  8. ^ a b Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Walsh, Vincent (1 August 2009). "Numerical representation in the parietal lobes: Abstract or not abstract?" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 32 (3–4): 313–328. doi:10.1017/S0140525X09990938. ISSN 1469-1825. PMID 19712504.
  9. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Henik, Avishai; Walsh, Vincent (9 October 2007). "Small is bright and big is dark in synaesthesia". Current Biology. 17 (19): R834 – R835. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.048. PMID 17925208. S2CID 5480738.
  10. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Tzelgov, Joseph; Henik, Avishai (1 January 2008). "A synesthetic walk on the mental number line: The size effect". Cognition. 106 (1): 548–557. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.007. PMID 17275802. S2CID 8173712.
  11. ^ a b Terhune, Devin B.; Murray, Elizabeth; Near, Jamie; Stagg, Charlotte J.; Cowey, Alan; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (1 November 2015). "Phosphene Perception Relates to Visual Cortex Glutamate Levels and Covaries with Atypical Visuospatial Awareness". Cerebral Cortex. 25 (11): 4341–4350. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv015. ISSN 1047-3211. PMC 4816785. PMID 25725043.
  12. ^ a b Terhune, Devin Blair; Tai, Sarah; Cowey, Alan; Popescu, Tudor; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (6 December 2011). "Enhanced Cortical Excitability in Grapheme-Color Synesthesia and Its Modulation". Current Biology. 21 (23): 2006–2009. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2011.10.032. PMC 3242051. PMID 22100060.
  13. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Henik, Avishai; Catena, Andres; Walsh, Vincent; Fuentes, Luis J. (1 February 2009). "Induced Cross-Modal Synaesthetic Experience Without Abnormal Neuronal Connections". Psychological Science. 20 (2): 258–265. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02286.x. ISSN 0956-7976. PMID 19175754. S2CID 10090057.
  14. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Henik, Avishai; Walsh, Vincent (1 May 2009). "Synaesthesia: learned or lost?". Developmental Science. 12 (3): 484–491. doi:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00798.x. ISSN 1467-7687. PMID 19371373.
  15. ^ a b Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Soskic, Sonja; Iuculano, Teresa; Kanai, Ryota; Walsh, Vincent (23 November 2010). "Modulating Neuronal Activity Produces Specific and Long-Lasting Changes in Numerical Competence". Current Biology. 20 (22): 2016–2020. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.10.007. PMC 2990865. PMID 21055945.
  16. ^ a b Looi, Chung Yen; Duta, Mihaela; Brem, Anna-Katharine; Huber, Stefan; Nuerk, Hans-Christoph; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (23 February 2016). "Combining brain stimulation and video game to promote long-term transfer of learning and cognitive enhancement". Scientific Reports. 6 (1): 22003. Bibcode:2016NatSR...622003L. doi:10.1038/srep22003. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 4763231. PMID 26902664.
  17. ^ a b Iuculano, Teresa; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (6 March 2013). "The Mental Cost of Cognitive Enhancement". Journal of Neuroscience. 33 (10): 4482–4486. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4927-12.2013. PMC 3672974. PMID 23467363.
  18. ^ a b Snowball, Albert; Tachtsidis, Ilias; Popescu, Tudor; Thompson, Jacqueline; Delazer, Margarete; Zamarian, Laura; Zhu, Tingting; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (2013). "Long-Term Enhancement of Brain Function and Cognition Using Cognitive Training and Brain Stimulation". Current Biology. 23 (11): 987–992. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.045. PMC 3675670. PMID 23684971.
  19. ^ Sarkar, Amar; Dowker, Ann; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (10 December 2014). "Cognitive Enhancement or Cognitive Cost: Trait-Specific Outcomes of Brain Stimulation in the Case of Mathematics Anxiety". Journal of Neuroscience. 34 (50): 16605–16610. doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3129-14.2014. PMC 4261089. PMID 25505313.
  20. ^ Santarnecchi, E.; Muller, T.; Rossi, S.; Sarkar, A.; Polizzotto, N. R.; Rossi, A.; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (1 February 2016). "Individual differences and specificity of prefrontal gamma frequency-tACS on fluid intelligence capabilities". Cortex. 75: 33–43. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.003. hdl:11365/1000047. PMID 26707084. S2CID 16744216.
  21. ^ a b Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Levy, Neil; O'Shea, Jacinta; Shea, Nicholas; Savulescu, Julian (2012). "The neuroethics of non-invasive brain stimulation". Current Biology. 22 (4): R108 – R111. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2012.01.013. PMC 4347660. PMID 22361141.
  22. ^ Maslen, Hannah; Douglas, Thomas; Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Levy, Neil; Savulescu, Julian (1 March 2014). "The regulation of cognitive enhancement devices: extending the medical model". Journal of Law and the Biosciences. 1 (1): 68–93. doi:10.1093/jlb/lst003. PMC 4168724. PMID 25243073.
  23. ^ "Adams Super Center for Brain Studies - Tel Aviv University". www.tau.ac.il. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  24. ^ "Roi Cohen Kadosh wins BPS Spearman Medal — Department of Experimental Psychology". www.psy.ox.ac.uk. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  25. ^ "2015 Award Winners". PROSE Awards. Retrieved 24 September 2020.
  26. ^ Bueren, Nienke E. R. van; Reed, Thomas L.; Nguyen, Vu; Sheffield, James G.; Ven, Sanne H. G. van der; Osborne, Michael A.; Kroesbergen, Evelyn H.; Kadosh, Roi Cohen (9 September 2021). "Personalized brain stimulation for effective neurointervention across participants". PLOS Computational Biology. 17 (9): e1008886. Bibcode:2021PLSCB..17E8886V. doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008886. ISSN 1553-7358. PMC 8454957. PMID 34499639.
  27. ^ Harty, Siobhán; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (September 2019). "Suboptimal Engagement of High-Level Cortical Regions Predicts Random-Noise-Related Gains in Sustained Attention". Psychological Science. 30 (9): 1318–1332. doi:10.1177/0956797619856658. ISSN 1467-9280. PMID 31322974. S2CID 198131217.
  28. ^ Frank, B.; Harty, S.; Kluge, A.; Cohen Kadosh, R. (November 2018). "Learning while multitasking: short and long-term benefits of brain stimulation". Ergonomics. 61 (11): 1454–1463. doi:10.1080/00140139.2018.1563722. ISSN 1366-5847. PMID 30587084. S2CID 58544113.
  29. ^ Santarnecchi, Emiliano; Brem, Anna-Katharine; Levenbaum, Erica; Thompson, Todd; Kadosh, Roi Cohen; Pascual-Leone, Alvaro (August 2015). "Enhancing cognition using transcranial electrical stimulation". Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences. 4: 171–178. doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.06.003. S2CID 6498849.
  30. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Kathrin; Krause, Beatrix; King, Andrew J.; Near, Jamie; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (1 November 2015). "Linking GABA and glutamate levels to cognitive skill acquisition during development". Human Brain Mapping. 36 (11): 4334–4345. doi:10.1002/hbm.22921. ISSN 1097-0193. PMC 4832309. PMID 26350618.
  31. ^ Sarkar, Amar; Dowker, Ann; Cohen Kadosh, Roi (10 December 2014). "Cognitive Enhancement or Cognitive Cost: Trait-Specific Outcomes of Brain Stimulation in the Case of Mathematics Anxiety". Journal of Neuroscience. 34 (50): 16605–16610. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3129-14.2014. ISSN 0270-6474. PMC 4261089. PMID 25505313.
  32. ^ Looi, Chung Yen; Thompson, Jacqueline; Krause, Beatrix; Kadosh, Roi Cohen (2016). "The Neuroscience of Mathematical Cognition and Learning". OECD Education Working Papers. doi:10.1787/5jlwmn3ntbr7-en. hdl:20.500.12799/4665. ProQuest 1803684876. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  33. ^ http://www.oxfordmartin.ox.ac.uk/downloads/briefings/Mind_Machines.pdf
  34. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi; Dowker, Ann (1 January 2015). The Oxford Handbook of Numerical Cognition. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199642342.
  35. ^ Cohen Kadosh, Roi (1 June 2014). The Stimulated Brain: Cognitive Enhancement Using Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation. Elsevier. ISBN 9780124047129.
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