Raymond Sackler KBE (February 16, 1920 – July 17, 2017)[1] was an American physician and businessman. He acquired Purdue Pharma together with his brothers Arthur M. Sackler and Mortimer Sackler. Purdue Pharma is the developer of OxyContin, the drug at the center of the opioid epidemic in the United States.[2][3][4]
Raymond Sackler | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 16, 1920 New York City, U.S. |
| Died | July 17, 2017 (aged 97) |
| Education | New York University (BS) Middlesex University (MD) |
| Occupation(s) | Physician and entrepreneur |
| Known for | Purdue Pharma |
| Spouse | Beverly Feldman |
| Children | 2, including Richard |
| Relatives |
|
| Family | Sackler |
Sackler and his family have been linked to the rise of direct pharmaceutical marketing and the opioid crisis.[3] The Sackler family's philanthropy has been characterized as reputation laundering from profits acquired from the selling of opiates.[5][6]
Early life
editBorn in Brooklyn, New York, in 1920 to a Jewish family, Sackler was educated at Erasmus High School and attended New York University, where he received a bachelor's degree in 1938. Due to Jewish quotas imposed by the major U.S. medical schools during that era, he started his medical education at Anderson College of Medicine in Glasgow, Scotland, which he attended from 1938 to 1940.[7]
When World War II began, he stayed in Scotland and volunteered in the British Home Guard, and he also served as a plane spotter.[8] He returned to the U.S. and completed his studies at Middlesex University School of Medicine (a school on the site of the present-day Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts), where he received his MD degree in 1944.
Sackler married Beverly Feldman in 1944. They had two sons, Richard S. Sackler and Jonathan D. Sackler. Beverly Sackler died on October 15, 2019, at the age of 95.[9]
Career
editMedical career
editSackler was certified by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (P) in 1957, and was a Life Fellow of the American Psychiatric Association.[10] Sackler, with his two brothers, Arthur and Mortimer, co-founded the Creedmoor Institute for Psychobiological Studies in New York City, where they engaged in research in the psycho-biology of schizophrenia and manic depressive psychosis.
They received two awards from the Medical Society of the State of New York: the First Award for Scientific Research; and one year later, Honorable Mention for Scientific Research. In 1998, Sackler was awarded a Doctor of Law Honoris Causa from the University of Cambridge.[11]
Pharmaceutical business
editWith lessons learned in research, Sackler and his brother Mortimer transitioned into the development of numerous pharmaceutical, manufacturing, and research companies, Sackler being closely associated with the now global reach of Purdue Pharma in the United States and Canada and Mundipharma, Ltd. in Europe, Asia, and Africa.
Purdue Pharma, which is 100% privately owned and operated by the families of Raymond and Mortimer Sackler, researched, developed, markets and distributes[3][2] the opiate drug Oxycontin and related compounds.
A year prior to his death, Sackler was estimated by Forbes to have a net worth of around $13 billion.[12]
Contribution to the US opioid epidemic
editOn October 30, 2017, The New Yorker published a multi-page exposé on Raymond Sackler, Purdue Pharma, and the Sackler family.[3] The article links Raymond and Arthur Sackler's business acumen with the rise of direct pharmaceutical marketing and eventually to the rise of addiction to OxyContin in the United States. The article implies that Raymond Sackler bears moral responsibility for the opioid epidemic in the United States.[3]
In 2019, the New York Times revealed that Sackler had told company officials in 2008 to "measure our performance by Rx’s by strength, giving higher measures to higher strengths."[13] This was verified by legally obtained documents tied to a new lawsuit filed in June 2018 by the Massachusetts attorney general, Maura Healey. The lawsuit claims that Purdue Pharma and members of the Sackler family knew that putting patients on high dosages of OxyContin for long periods increased the risks of serious side effects, including addiction. Nonetheless, they promoted higher dosages because stronger pain pills brought the company and the Sacklers the most profit. On February 1, 2019, Healey released unredacted documents showing that the Sacklers directed doctors to overprescribe the drug and listed doctors (under the code name "Region Zero") who overprescribed Oxycontin for the Sackler family's profit rather than patients' health.[14]
Philanthropy
editSackler and his wife, Beverly, directly and through the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundations, initiated and sustained major research programs in the biomedical, biological, physical and engineering sciences through endowments.[15] In support of the arts, the Sacklers were recognized by the British Museum (Raymond and Beverly Sackler Wing, the Ancient Near East and Egypt), the Louvre, and, together with his two brothers, the Sackler Wing (former) at the Metropolitan Museum of Art,[15] New York City, which houses the Temple of Dendur and study centers for Chinese and Japanese Art History.[citation needed] Many institutions have since distanced themselves from the family.[16]
Together with his brothers, in 1980 Sackler established doctoral educational programs at two US Universities: the Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University and the Sackler Institute of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at New York University School of Medicine. He and his wife Beverly established the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Medical Research Centre at the University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine (UK) and were sponsors at that medical school of the MD/PhD Program and a new cancer research program.[citation needed]
The Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University, sponsored conjointly with Sackler's two brothers in 1964, includes the Sackler School of Medicine, the Maurice and Gabriel Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine and the Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine. These names were removed in 2023. [17] Still, the university's Faculty of Exact Sciences and School of Physics and Astronomy are named after Raymond and Beverly Sackler. Tel Aviv University also serves as the institutional sponsor of two prizes endowed by Sackler and his wife Beverly: The International Prize in Physical Sciences and The International Prize in Biophysics.[citation needed]
At Leiden University in the Netherlands, Sackler supported the Laboratory for Astrophysics named after him.[citation needed] He also gave Leiden University an endowment for the establishment of the Raymond and Beverly Chair of American History.[citation needed] Sackler was the moving force, one of the founders, and oversaw the implementation of the Sackler School of Medicine New York State / American Program chartered by the New York State Board of Regents that provides a four-year medical education program for American students at the Sackler School of Medicine of the Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University.[citation needed]
In 2010, the Foundation established The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Science Fund in honor of Ralph J. Cicerone, at the National Academy of Sciences (USA) was established to provide support of scientific programs independent of governmental requests/funding.[citation needed]
In 2011, it established The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Distinguished Lecture Series in Neuroscience was established at Cardiff University. [citation needed]
On December 9, 2021 the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, along with the Sackler family, announced the removal of the Sackler family name from seven named galleries, including the wing that houses the iconic Temple of Dendur.[18] In 2022, the British Museum announced that it would rename the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Rooms and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Wing, as part of "development of the new masterplan", and that it "made this decision together through collaborative discussions" with the Sackler Foundation.[19]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ admin (18 July 2017). "Raymond Sackler Obituary - Greenwich, Connecticut". Legacy.com. Retrieved 20 July 2017.
- ^ a b "The Secretive Family Making Billions From the Opioid Crisis". Esquire. 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ a b c d e Keefe, Patrick Radden (2017-10-23). "The Family That Built an Empire of Pain". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2017-10-25.
- ^ Langer, Emily (July 21, 2017). "Raymond Sackler, philanthropist and maker of OxyContin, dies at 97". Washington Post. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ "New Yorker Sackler Article". newyorker.com. 23 October 2017. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ^ "Sackler Blood Money disgraces museums". theguardian.com. 16 February 2018. Retrieved 2018-10-17.
- ^ Roberts, Sam (July 19, 2017). "Raymond Sackler, Psychopharmacology Pioneer and Philanthropist, Dies at 97". The New York Times. Retrieved December 29, 2017.
- ^ "Dr. Raymond Sackler, co-owner of Purdue Pharma, dies at 97". Fairfield County Business Journal. 23 July 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
- ^ "Beverly Sackler, an owner of Purdue Pharma, dies". CNBC. October 15, 2019.
- ^ "About the Sackler Lecture Series". University of Connecticut. Retrieved 18 July 2017.
- ^ "Reporter 8/7/98: Congregation of the Regent House on 24 June 1998". Admin.cam.ac.uk. Retrieved 2015-09-19.
- ^ Bosilkovski, Igor. "Raymond Sackler, Former CEO Of OxyContin Producer Purdue Pharma, Dies At 97". forbes.com. Retrieved 23 October 2017.
- ^ Meier, Barry (2019-01-31). "Sackler Scion's Email Reveals Push for High-Dose OxyContin, New Lawsuit Disclosures Claim". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2019-02-03.
- ^ "Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Purdue Phrama L.P., Purdue Pharma Inc., Richard Sackler, ... First Amended Complaint and Jury Demand" (PDF). p. 104.
- ^ a b Purdue Pharma (July 17, 2017). "Dr. Raymond Sackler, Physician and Supporter of Research Science, Dies at 97". Business Wire. Retrieved 17 January 2023.
- ^ Peggy McGlone (Dec. 4, 2019), "Don’t call it the Freer/Sackler. Call it the National Museum of Asian Art.", The Washington Post: "Brothers Arthur, Mortimer and Raymond Sackler, who founded a company that became Purdue Pharma, donated to dozens of high-profile institutions, both individually and jointly, including the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Guggenheim, the Tate and the Victoria and Albert museums, as well as Harvard, Princeton and Yale universities. The Washington museum is one of several institutions targeted by protests led by photographer Nan Goldin calling attention to the source of the Sackler wealth. . . . Several museums have announced that they will no longer accept donations from the family, while the Louvre in Paris removed the Sackler name from its gallery wall."
- ^ "Tel Aviv University and the Sackler Family Agreed to Remove the Name Sackler from the Faculty of Medicine". Tel Aviv University. 2023-06-22. Retrieved 2023-10-18.
- ^ "The Metropolitan Museum of Art and Sackler Families Announce Removal of the Family Name in Dedicated Galleries". The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ Cascone, Sarah (25 March 2022). "The British Museum Drops the Sackler Name From Its Galleries, Joining a Growing Flood of Institutions Cutting Ties With the Family". Artnet News. Retrieved 25 March 2022.