Protomonaxonida is an extinct order of sea sponges. It is a paraphyletic group gathering the most ancient species from the Burgess Shale to modern sponges.

Protomonaxonida
Temporal range: 516.0–247 Ma [1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Porifera
Class: Demospongiae
Order: Protomonaxonida
Finks et al. 2004[2]
Families

Families and genera

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The following families from the order Hadromerida are also sometimes placed in Protomonaxonida:

References

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  1. ^ a b Botting, Joseph P.; Brayard, Arnaud; the Paris Biota Team (2019). "A late-surviving Triassic protomonaxonid sponge from the Paris Biota (Bear Lake County, Idaho, USA)". Geobios. 54: 5–11. Bibcode:2019Geobi..54....5B. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2019.04.006. S2CID 146559079.
  2. ^ Porifera (Demospongea, Hexactinellida, Heteractinida, Calcarea). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part E, Revised E(3), R. M. Finks, R. E. H. Reid, and J. K. Rigby. 2004, pages 1-872
  3. ^ a b Rigby, J. K.; Hou, X.-G. (1995). "Lower Cambrian demosponges and hexactinellid sponges from Yunnan, China". Journal of Paleontology. 69 (6): 1009–1019. doi:10.1017/S0022336000037999. JSTOR 1306406.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Walcott, C. D. (1920). "Cambrian geology and paleontology IV:6—Middle Cambrian Spongiae". Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. 67: 261–364.
  5. ^ a b c d Rigby, J. K. (1986). "Sponges of the Burgess shale (Middle Cambrian), British Columbia". Palaeontographica Canadiana (2).
  6. ^ Rigby, J. K.; von Bitter, P. (2005). "Sponges and associated fossils from the Pennsylvanian Carbondale Formation of northwestern Illinois". Journal of Paleontology. 79 (3): 460–468. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2005)079<0460:SAAFFT>2.0.CO;2.
  7. ^ a b c d Rigby, J. K.; Collins, D. (2004). "Sponges of the Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations, British Columbia". ROM contributions in science. 1. ISBN 0-88854-443-X. ISSN 1710-7768.
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