On this day for the United States
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Events
- 1860 - The first successful Pony Express run from Saint Joseph, Missouri to Sacramento, California begins.
- 1865 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Richmond, Virginia, the capital of the Confederate States of America.
- 1882 - American Old West outlaw Jesse James is killed by Robert Ford for a $5,000 reward.
- 1936 - Bruno Richard Hauptmann is executed for the kidnapping and death of Charles Augustus Lindbergh II, the baby son of world-famous pilot Charles Lindbergh.
- 1942 - World War II: Japanese forces begin an assault on the United States and Filipino troops on the Bataan Peninsula.
- 1948 - President Harry Truman signs the Marshall Plan which authorizes $5 billion in aid for 16 countries.
- 1948 - First run of the Texas Chief passenger train.
- 1953 - TV Guide debuts.
- 1955 - The American Civil Liberties Union announces it will defend Allen Ginsberg's book Howl against obscenity charges.
- 1956 - The western part of the Lower Peninsula of Michigan is struck by a deadly F5 tornado (known as the Hudsonville-Standale Tornado).
- 1968 - Martin Luther King Jr. delivers his "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech.
- 1969 - Vietnam War: U.S. Secretary of Defense Melvin Laird announces that the United States will start to "Vietnamize" the war effort.
- 1973 - The first portable cell phone call is placed in New York City.
- 1975 - Bobby Fischer refuses to play in a chess match against Anatoly Karpov, giving Karpov the title of World Champion by default.
- 1996 - Suspected "Unabomber" Theodore Kaczynski is arrested at his Montana cabin.
- 1996 - A United States Air Force airplane carrying United States Secretary of Commerce Ron Brown crashes in Croatia, killing all 35 on board.
- 2000 - United States v. Microsoft: Microsoft is ruled to have violated United States antitrust laws by keeping "an oppressive thumb" on its competitors.