Plotnikov (feminine: Plotnikova) is a Russian-language occupational surname derived from the occupation of carpenter (plotnik in Russian). Sometimes it may be transliterated as Plotnikoff.
The surname may refer to:
- Aleksandr Plotnikov
- Andrey Plotnikov
- Boris Plotnikov
- Igor Plotnikov
- Ivan Plotnikov
- Nikolai Plotnikov
- Pavel Plotnikov, Soviet World War II pilot, twice Hero of the Soviet Union
- Sergei Plotnikov
- Vadym Plotnikov
- Valeri Plotnikov
- Vladimir Plotnikov — several people
- William Plotnikov, Russian-Canadian boxer and convert to Islam
- Yevgeni Plotnikov
- Klavdiya Plotnikova
- Yelena Plotnikova
- Irina Plotnikova
- Jana Plotnikova