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Pitheciinae is a subfamily of the New World monkey family Pitheciidae. It contains three genera and 14 species. Pitheciines are forest dwellers from northern and central South America, east of the Andes.
| Pitheciinae[1] Temporal range: Miocene to recent
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|---|---|
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| White-faced saki (Pithicia pithecia) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Suborder: | Haplorhini |
| Infraorder: | Simiiformes |
| Family: | Pitheciidae |
| Subfamily: | Pitheciinae Mivart, 1865 |
| Genera | |
They are small to medium-sized primates, with a stocky build due to their close skin. The skin is covered in shaggy fur, its coloring varies depending upon species from black to grey and brown up to white. Parts of the face can be bald. The tail, which is not used for grasping but for balance, is also hairy, although the uakari's tail is only a stub.
Like most New World monkeys, they are diurnal and arboreal. They are good climbers and spend the majority of their life in the trees. They live in groups ranging in number from small groups (such as with the saki monkeys ) to as many as 50 animals. They communicate with a set of sounds which typically includes high cries and a nearly bird-like twitter.
Pitheciines are generally omnivores, the main part of their diet coming from fruits and insects. This is supplemented by flowers, buds, nuts and small vertebrates. Large canines help them to break through the hard rind of the unripe fruits.[citation needed]
Births are typically of single offspring with a gestation time of about 5 to 6 months. They typically reach maturity at approximately 3 to 4 years and can become up to 15 years old.
Classification
edit- Family Pitheciidae: titis, sakis and uakaris
- Subfamily Pitheciinae
- Genus Pithecia
- Equatorial saki, Pithecia aequatorialis
- White-footed saki or buffy saki, Pithecia albicans
- Cazuza's saki, Pithecia cazuzai
- Golden-faced saki, Pithecia chrysocephala
- Hairy saki, Pithecia hirsuta
- Burnished saki, Pithecia inusta
- Rio Tapajós saki or Gray's bald-faced saki, Pithecia irrorata
- Isabel's saki, Pithecia isabela
- Monk saki, Pithecia monachus
- Miller's saki, Pithecia milleri
- Mittermeier's Tapajós saki, Pithecia mittermeieri (disputed)[3]
- Napo saki, Pithecia napensis
- Pissinatti’s saki, Pithecia pissinattii (disputed)[3]
- White-faced saki, Pithecia pithecia
- Rylands' bald-faced saki, Pithecia rylandsi (disputed)[3]
- Vanzolini's bald-faced saki, Pithecia vanzolinii
- Genus Chiropotes
- Black bearded saki, Chiropotes satanas
- Red-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes chiropotes
- Brown-backed bearded saki, Chiropotes israelita
- Uta Hick's bearded saki, Chiropotes utahickae
- White-nosed saki, Chiropotes albinasus
- Genus Cacajao
- Black-headed uakari, Cacajao melanocephalus
- Bald uakari, Cacajao calvus
- Aracá uakari, Cacajao ayresii[4]
- Neblina uakari, Cacajao hosomi[5]
- Genus Pithecia
- Subfamily Callicebinae
- Subfamily Pitheciinae
References
edit
- ^ Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 146–148. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
- ^ Luchterhand, Kubet; Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H. (1986). "Mohanamico hershkovitzi, gen. et sp. nov., un primate du Miocene moyen d' Amerique du Sud". Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences. 303: 1753–1758. Retrieved 2017-09-24.
- ^ a b c Serrano-Villavicencio, J.E.; Murtado, C.M.; Vendramel, R.L.; Oliveira do Nascimento, F. (January 2019). "Reconsidering the taxonomy of the Pithecia irrorata species group (Primates: Pitheciidae)". Journal of Mammalogy. 100 (1): 130–141. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyy167.
- ^ Boubli, J. P.; M. N. F. Da Silva; M. V. Amado; T. Hrbek; F. B. Pontual & I. P. Farias (2008). "A taxonomic reassessment of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao melanocephalus group, Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species". International Journal of Primatology. 29 (3): 723–749. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7. S2CID 26561719.
- ^ Boubli, J. P.; M. N. F. Da Silva; M. V. Amado; T. Hrbek; F. B. Pontual & I. P. Farias (2008). "A taxonomic reassessment of black uakari monkeys, Cacajao melanocephalus group, Humboldt (1811), with the description of two new species". International Journal of Primatology. 29 (3): 723–749. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9248-7. S2CID 26561719.