The South American pileated parrot (Pionopsitta pileata) is a species of bird in subfamily Arinae of the family Psittacidae, the African and New World parrots. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.[3] It was formerly known as the red-capped parrot, easily leading to confusion with the Australian Purpureicephalus spurius that bears that English name.[4]
| Pileated parrot | |
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| Adult male | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Psittaciformes |
| Family: | Psittacidae |
| Genus: | Pionopsitta Bonaparte, 1854 |
| Species: | P. pileata
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| Binomial name | |
| Pionopsitta pileata (Scopoli, 1769)
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Taxonomy and systematics
editThe pileated parrot is the only member of genus Pionopsitta and has no subspecies.[3] However, what are now the seven species in genus Pyrilia were for a long period included in Pionopsitta.[5][6][4]
A local name for the pileated parrot in Brazilian Portuguese is "cuiú cuiú".[7]
Description
editThe pileated parrot is 20 to 22 cm (7.9 to 8.7 in) long and weighs 98 to 120 g (3.5 to 4.2 oz). Adults have an essentially all green body, with a yellowish abdomen. Their primaries, primary coverts, and the edges and tips of their tail feathers are dull blue. Males have a red forehead, crown, lores, and upper ear coverts. Females do not have any red but do have a faint blue wash on the forehead and breast. Immature males have less red on the head than adults, and females have less blue on the wings.[7][8]
Distribution and habitat
editThe pileated parrot is found in southeastern Brazil from Bahia south and into eastern Paraguay and Argentina's Misiones Province. It mostly inhabits humid forest but also occurs in somewhat more open and dryer forest dominated by Araucaria and partially cleared landscapes. In elevation it is found from sea level to 1,500 m (4,900 ft).[7][8]
Behavior
editMovement
editThe pileated parrot makes some movements between inland and more coastal areas. It is "strikingly nomadic" at Intervales State Park in Brazil's São Paulo state.[7]
Feeding
editLittle is known about the pileated parrot's feeding behavior or diet. It is known to feed on fruits and seeds of several families of plants, and also on Eucalyptus bark.[7]
Breeding
editThe pileated parrot's nesting season is not fully defined but apparently includes November. It nests in holes in trees. In the wild the clutch size appears to be two eggs. In captivity clutches of three to four are typical. In captivity the female alone incubates, for about 24 days, and fledging occurs 52 to 54 days after hatch.[7]
Vocalization
editThe pileated parrot call is "very high, piercing shrieks, like 'tjeéreweét'." Its flight call is a "high 'tjer-tjer'tjer- -'."[8]
Status
editThe IUCN has assessed the pileated parrot as being of Least Concern. It has a fairly large range but its population size is not known and is believed to be decreasing. No immediate threats have been identified.[1] "Much reduced by extensive habitat loss throughout range, but still persists in reasonable numbers where cover extensive".[7]
References
edit- ^ a b BirdLife International (2018). "Pileated Parrot Pionopsitta pileata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T22686090A130104593. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22686090A130104593.en. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved February 23, 2023.
- ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (January 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos". IOC World Bird List. v 13.1. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
- ^ a b Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 30 January 2023. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved January 30, 2023
- ^ Ribas, C., R. Gaban-Lima, C. Miyaki, and J. Cracraft (2005). "Historical biogeography and diversification within the Neotropical parrot genus Pionopsitta (Aves: Psittacidae)". Journal Biogeography 32:1409-1427
- ^ Tavares, E.S., Baker, A.J., Pereira, S.L. and Miyaki, C.Y. (2006). "Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of Neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences". Syst. Biol. 55(3): 454–470
- ^ a b c d e f g Collar, N., A. Bonan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Pileated Parrot (Pionopsitta pileata), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.recpar3.01 retrieved February 23, 2023
- ^ a b c van Perlo, Ber (2009). A Field Guide to the Birds of Brazil. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-19-530155-7.