Piano Quintet in G minor (Sibelius)

The Piano Quintet in G minor, JS 159, is a five-movement chamber piece for two violins, viola, cello, and piano written in 1890 by the Finnish composer Jean Sibelius. When composing the piece, Sibelius replaced the original Movement IV (marked Vivace) with a scherzo (Vivacissimo); the earlier Vivace is extant.

Piano Quintet in G minor
by Jean Sibelius
The composer in 1889
Catalogue	JS 159
Composed	1890 (1890)
Publisher	Hansen (1993)
Duration	36.5 mins.
Movements	5
Premiere
Date	5 May 1890 (1890-05-05) (Movements I, III)
Location	Helsinki, Grand Duchy of Finland
Performers	Johan Halvorsen (violin) Karl Wasenius (violin) Josef Schwartz (viola) Otto Hutschenreuter (cello) Ferruccio Busoni (piano)

History

Movements I and III of the Piano Quintet premiered in Helsinki on 5 May 1890 at the Music Institute (now the Sibelius Academy); the performers included the Norwegian composer Johan Halvorsen (violin) and the Italian composer Ferruccio Busoni (piano), as well as Karl Wasenius (violin), Josef Schwartz (viola), and Otto Hutschenreuter (cello). Movements II and IV had their premieres a half-year later on 11 October the first four movements were performed in Turku; among the soloists was Sibelius's close friend, the playwright Adolf Paul, who played piano, as well as Richard Hagel on first violin.

At neither of the two 1890 concerts was Movement V played. As a result, Sibelius rescued themes from the finale by reusing them for the Rondo in D minor (JS 162, 1893) for viola and piano duo, as well as the first of the Six Impromptus (Op. 5/1, 1893) for solo piano. In 1965, Movement V was played for the first time when the quintet in its entirety was premiered properly on 24 May at the Turku Concert Hall; the instrumentalists were as follows: Tuomas Haapanen (violin), Pekka Kari (violin), Mauri Pietikäinen (viola), Erkki Rautio (cello), and Liisa Pohjola (piano).

Structure

A 5 May 1890 ad promoting the premiere of Sibelius's G minor Quintet (Movements I and III only; II and IV premiered in October, and V in 1965.)

The Italian composer Ferruccio Busoni played the piano at the premiere; he taught at the Helsinki Music Institute and was a friend of Sibelius's.

The G minor Quintet is in five movements, as follows:

1. Grave – Allegro
2. Intermezzo. Moderato
3. Andante
4. Scherzo. Vivacissimo
5. Moderato – Vivace

The piece was published posthumously in 1993 by Edition Wilhelm Hansen.

Movement I

The first movement, marked Grave – Allegro, is in ³
₂ time; it has a duration of about 10 minutes.

Movement II

The second movement is an intermezzo; marked Moderato and in ⁴
₄ time, it has a duration of about 4.5 minutes.

Movement III

The third movement, marked Andante, is in ²
₄ time; it has a duration of about nine minutes.

Movement IV

The fourth movement is a scherzo; marked Vivacissimo and in ³
₄ time, it has a duration of about 3.5 minutes.

Movement V

The fifth movement begins Moderato in ⁴
₄ time before switching to ⁶
₈ for the Vivace. It has a duration of about 9.5 minutes.

Discography

The Finnish pianist Erik T. Tawaststjerna and the Sibelius Academy Quartet made the world premiere studio recording of the G minor Quintet for Finlandia in 1985. The table below lists this and other commercially available recordings:

No.	Violin I	Violin II	Viola	Cello	Piano	Runtime	Rec.	Recording venue	Label	Ref.
1	Seppo Tukiainen	Erkki Kantola	Veikko Kosonen	Arto Noras	Erik T. Tawaststjerna	36:15	1985	Roihuvuoren kirkko	Finlandia
2	John Georgiadis	Brendan O'Reilly	Ian Jewel	Keith Harvey	Anthony Goldstone	39:35	1989	Snape Maltings Concert Hall	Chandos
3	Götz Bernau	Antti Meurman	Ulla Kekko	Juha Malmivaara	Ella & Jaakko Untamala	37:30	1994	[Unknown], Kuopio	Edition Abseits
4	Jaakko Kuusisto	Laura Vikman	Anna Kreetta Gribajcevic	Joel Laakso	Folke Gräsbeck	38:53	2005	Järvenpää Hall	BIS
5	Roger Coull	Philip Gallaway	Gustav Clarkson	Nicholas Roberts	Martin Roscoe	37:16	2008	St Paul's Church, Birmingham	Somm

Notes, references, and sources

Notes

References

Sources

• Barnett, Andrew (2007). Sibelius. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-11159-0.
• Dahlström, Fabian [in Swedish] (2003). Jean Sibelius: Thematisch-bibliographisches Verzeichnis seiner Werke [Jean Sibelius: A Thematic Bibliographic Index of His Works] (in German). Wiesbaden: Breitkopf & Härtel. ISBN 3-7651-0333-0.