The Phoenix Memo is a letter sent to FBI headquarters on July 10, 2001, by FBI Special Agent Kenneth Williams, recommending the assembling of a worldwide listing of civil aviation schools.[1] Williams, then stationed in Phoenix, Arizona, was investigating students at some of these schools for possible terrorist links.
Content
editAccording to Williams, the purpose of the memo was to:
advise the Bureau and New York of the possibility of a coordinated effort by Osama bin Laden to send students to the United States to attend civil aviation universities and colleges. Phoenix has observed an inordinate number of individuals of investigative interest who are attending or who have attended civil aviation universities and colleges in the State of Arizona.
The recommendations outlined by Williams were ignored or put aside because of other concerns. The memo was seen by at least one dozen officials of the FBI, including John P. O'Neill, but it was never passed to acting director Thomas J. Pickard, his successor Robert Mueller or the Central Intelligence Agency.[2] In addition, the existence of the memo was not made known to President George W. Bush and his senior national security staff until May 2002.
Mueller told the U.S. Congress in an emotional hearing in May 2002 that failure to act on the memo was the result of deficits in the FBI’s analytical capabilities.[3]
Coleen Rowley (2002)
editThe memo became the subject of another communiqué in June 2002, when FBI Agent Coleen Rowley took advantage of the federal Whistleblower Protection Act provisions to inform FBI Director Robert Mueller that his public statements about lack of “advance knowledge” by the bureau had no basis in fact. In her memo, Rowley wrote about the alleged suppression of the investigation concerning Zacarias Moussaoui.[4]
See also
edit- Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US, August 6, 2001
- Capture of Zacarias Moussaoui, August 16, 2001
- Khalid al-Mihdhar
- Nawaf al-Hazmi
- Risk aversion
References
edit- ^ "Phoenix Memo". scribd.com. 28 March 2009. Archived from the original on 28 March 2009. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
- ^ Behar, Richard (22 May 2002). "FBI's 'Phoenix' memo unmasked". Fortune. CNN. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ Johnston, David; Don van Natta, Jr. (21 May 2002). "Traces of Terror: The F.B.I. Memo; Ashcroft Learned of Agency's Alert Just After 9/11". New York Times. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ^ Rowley, Coleen (21 May 2002). "Coleen Rowley's Memo to FBI Director Robert Mueller: An edited version of the agent's 13-page letter". Time. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002.
Further reading
edit- Behar, Richard (2002-05-22). "FBI's 'Phoenix' Memo Unmasked". Fortune.
- 9/11 Commission (2004). "The System was Blinking Red". 9/11 Commission Report: Final Report of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (PDF). U.S. Government Printing Office. ISBN 0-16-072304-3. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-23.
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