Wikipedia

Paulo de Mello Bastos

Paulo de Mello Bastos (São José da Laje, May 25, 1918 — May 30, 2019) was a former leader of the National Union of Aeronauts [pt], a former leader of the General Workers Command [pt][a] and a former Varig pilot whose resignation in 1963 inspired a general strike in the country.

Paulo de Mello Bastos
Paulo de Mello Bastos going to Uruguay as a political refugee in 1964
Born(1918-05-25)May 25, 1918
São José da Laje, Alagoas
DiedMay 30, 2019(2019-05-30) (aged 101)
Known forTo have been one of the main union leaders in the 60s in Brazil.
SpouseEdelena Albernaz de Mello Bastos
Awards
Aviation career
Flight licenseApril 6, 1940
Air forceBrazilian Air Force
BattlesWorld War II
RankLieutenant colonel
Children
Parents
  • Sebastião Marques de Mello Bastos (father)
  • Honorinha Portela Bastos (mother)

Biography

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Childhood

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Paulo de Mello Bastos was born at the Engenho do Roçadinho,[2] in São José da Laje, on May 25, 1918,[3] son of Sebastião Marques de Mello Bastos, founder and former mayor of Panelas and Honorinha Portela Bastos.[4][5]

Education

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Paulo de Mello Bastos studied at Americano Baptista (Recife), Diocesano College (Maceió), Alagoano Lyceum (Alagoas) and at Quinze de Novembro de Garanhuns (Pernambuco).[6]

Career

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Air Force

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In 1938 he was among those enrolled in the Administration Course for Naval Air Reserve officers by decision of the Navy Minister.[7][8]

On April 6, 1940, Paulo de Mello received his naval aviator pilot's license,[9][10] graduating as the first in his class.[11] In the same year he tried to volunteer for the Royal Air Force to fight against Germany during WWII, but it was not possible because Brazil had not yet entered the war at that time.[12] In 1941 he was promoted to the rank of 2nd Lieutenant.[13] In 1942 he was a pilot for the National Air Mail [pt],[b] flying the Tocantins route between January 13 and 27[16] and between Rio-Natal between June 24 and June 26.[17] In March of the same year he was transferred to the Aeronautics School.[18] In April he had been assigned as an instructor at the School of Aeronautics.[19]

On 12 January 1943 he was promoted by to the rank of First Lieutenant.[20][21] In this period, already during World War II, he participated in the creation of the Aeronautics Club, a place where officers would hold political discussions, leisure, and culture.[22] He fought in Europe during World War II against Nazism, and was decorated for his service.[23] In 1945 he was promoted to the rank of Air Captain due to his time in service.[24] In 1946 he applied for discharge from military service to work in the civilian sector.[25] However, his application was only filed in 1954.[26]

In the 1940s he was part of a committee that sought to inspire Getúlio Vargas to run for president in 1950 and to establish Petrobras,[27] a company whose creation he had been defending for some years as a member of the nationalist side of the Armed Forces.[28] In 1950 he was promoted to the rank of Major by "merit principle".[29] In the same year he worked at the Directorate of Education of the Air Force.[30] In December 1951 he received a bronze medal for more than ten years of active service.[31]

In February 1952 he had his name proposed as part of the re-election of the Military Club's [pt] board of directors.[32] The following year he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel[33] and transferred to the paid reserve.[34][35]

Civilian aviation

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In 1954 he joined Varig.[36] The following year he petitioned the Supreme Federal Court for habeas corpus for former minister Epaminondas Gomes dos Santos [pt], who was being charged with a crime of defamation,[37] claiming that the crime was not military in nature, and was refused on May 6, 1955, for not being the correct person to make the request.[38][39] On November 12 of the same year, when already secretary of the National Union of Aeronauts [pt], he was one of the signers of the manifest in favor of a constitutional government after the November 11 counter-coup carried out by Marshal Teixeira Lott against the government of Carlos Luz.[40] In December 1955 he even submitted his resignation from his position as President of the Pilots' Union, but was turned down for lack of the legal number present for consideration.[41]

In 1956 he was a member of the commission that held the commemorations of the fiftieth anniversary of Alberto Santos Dumont's flight in the 14-bis.[42] In March 1957 he advocated, with the pilots' category, the reduction from 12 to 10 daily working hours, as a way to avoid fatigue.[43] In May of the same year he was one of the union leaders that addressed a letter to the Ministry of Aeronautics in defense of airline safety, after thirteen accidents occurred in a 20-day period.[44] On May 31 he was elected president of the governing board of the National Union of Aeronauts, which was in power until the election of the board.[45] At the same meeting it was decided to merge the National Union of Air Transport Pilots with the National Union of Aeronauts.[46] In 1959, already a Varig airline captain, Paulo de Mello Bastos defended the creation of Aerobrás.[47]

In July 1961 he was one of the union leaders who greeted cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin on his visit to Brazil.[48] In the same year he was the pilot responsible for bringing the then Vice-president João Goulart to Brazil within the context of the Legality Campaign, which led him to take on a risky, low-altitude style of flying during the journey due to rumors that members of the Brazilian Air Force would shoot him down in accordance with Operation Mosquito [pt].[49][50][51] In the same period he chaired a delegation of trade unionists that visited the Soviet Union.[52] In 1962 he was one of the leaders of the General Workers Command [pt] and politically supported the Base Reforms [pt],[50] but he was not a communist.[27] In November of the same year he represented the pilot class in an inquiry into the crash of a VASP airplane, which collided with a tourist plane, resulting in 26 deaths.[53] During his time at Varig, he also turned down several promotion proposals, which were aimed, according to Bastos, at controlling his union activities.[54]

Mello Bastos strike
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On May 21 he was chosen as vice-president of the CGT[55] and in the next day he was elected as secretary of the General Workers Command.[56] On the 25th, despite having union immunity, he was illegally[57][58][59] fired from Varig, something that worried then president João Goulart, who tried to intercede on behalf of Paulo de Mello,[60][61][c] and the fact that he was not reinstated,[68] started a general strike with road workers, airline workers, oil tankers, among others, which became known as the "Mello Bastos strike",[50][49][27][69] an act that the newspaper "Novos Rumos" considered unprecedented within the union movement in Brazil until then[70] and which was reported internationally, such as in the Colombian newspaper "El Tiempo"[71] and in the Costa Rican La Nación.[72][d]

In a note, Varig reported that the dismissal would have occurred due to the captain's "serious fault", which would justify the end of the contract[74] and later declared that only the Judiciary could decide on the case.[75][76][e] Commander Paulo de Mello had denounced on May 12, 1963, as part of the TV Tupi program "Sem Retoque", the financial misuse in commercial aviation,[82][83][84][f] criticized the results of the CPI [pt] on air accidents[86][g] and blamed Varig for the air accidents that happened at the time.[88][h]

He was finally rehired by Varig, after the president's appeal, on June 7, but had his salary suspended[i] and the right to fly until the decision of the Labor Court [pt].[90][91][92] His reinstatement was considered by the Unity and Action Pact [pt], according to the Diário Carioca, to represent "the guarantee of the rights of all union leadership in the country."[93] With the reinstatement, Varig's president, Ruben Berta, stepped down from his position.[94] In July 1963 he received Cr$ 437,127 in unpaid wages, but refused the proposal to terminate his contract with the company and receive compensation of approximately Cr$ 7 million, which he considered offensive to him.[95][96] He was barred by the company from resuming his position as an Aircraft Commander.[52]

In June, during the events of the strike, Paulo de Mello was one of the signers of the manifesto delivered to João Goulart in which they defended, among other demands, the "firm disposition of the workers to fight alongside the president of the Republic, if necessary, in the case of a break with the International Monetary Fund".[97]

Post-Strike

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In August 1963 he took part in demonstrations to pressure the government to create Aerobrás.[98] In September he was one of the articulators after the sergeants' revolt [pt][99] and in October he was one of the union leaders who sought to defend João Goulart's mandate after the call for a state of siege.[100][101]

Voice of Paulo de Mello Bastos calling the population to the Central Rally.[102]

In January 1964 Paulo de Mello Bastos spoke to the Diário de Pernambuco about what he expected from the eventual presidential elections [pt], with the possibility of the Brazilian left running with Miguel Arraes or Leonel Brizola.[103] However, with the indirect elections of 1964, the 1965 elections were cancelled.[104]

In February an indictment was filed under the National Security Law that involved his name alongside other leaders for having launched a manifesto preceding the October 15, 1962 general strike.[105] In the same period he was involved in the organization of a support coalition so that the government would be able to approve the base reforms.[106] On March 27, 1964, he was one of the leaders involved in resolving the Sailors' revolt.[107]

1964 coup d'état
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In the events of March 31, 1964, Paulo de Mello Bastos managed to escape from prison when troops invaded the building where he was meeting with a group of union members.[108] In the course of the 1964 Brazilian coup d'état, he had his political rights suspended by AI-1 [pt][49][109][110][111] until the Amnesty Law in August 28, 1979;[112] lost his aviator's license;[113] although he held a union leadership position at the time, he was fired from Varig;[114] fired from Brazilian Air Force on September 24, 1964;[115] and came to seek political asylum at the Uruguayan Embassy [pt] on April 12, 1964.[50] However, he only managed to leave the country on June 19 in a Uruguayan Air Force plane,[116] going to Montevideo,[117] after receiving his safe conduct to leave the country.[118]

Officially he was declared dead and his wife received a widow's pension.[119] In Uruguay he tried to get a job at PLUNA, but was barred due to pressure from the Brazilian government against political exiles[120][j] and in the country also worked in the wine trade.[122][k] In 1965 he was one of the 83 people who had to return the Santos-Dumont Merit Medal by order of President Castelo Branco[125] and in the same year was the target of an investigation that pointed him out as a member of a "counter-revolution" articulated by Leonel Brizola.[126]

Paulo de Mello only received the safe conduct from Itamaraty in 1966[127][l] and returned to the country in October 1967.[132][133][m] In the same month that he returned to the country, he was arrested by DOPS for questioning, and released soon after.[137] In 1968 he started working for the newspaper "Correio da Manhã", which had become part of the opposition to the military dictatorship.[138] During the 1970s he worked on international denunciations against the crimes of the military dictatorship, sending documents abroad, and was also one of the articulators of the Amnesty law [pt].[139]

Rede Brasil Atual [pt] described that Paulo de Mello never accepted the dictatorship implanted in 1964.[50] By dictatorship decree, he could not return to being a pilot[140] and worked as a taxi-driver in Rio de Janeiro.[141][142] Was amnestied by the Air Force in February 1980[143] and in 1981 tried to return to his job at Varig through the Amnesty Law.[144][114] But in practice, Amnesty had only returned his political rights.[145] Before the end of the dictatorship he was one of the organizers of the Centro Brasil Democrático, linked to the PCB [pt].[146]

Return to the democratic period

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From 1991 on, he had a hard time to get his amnesty retirement, which was only solved after an injunction from the Federal Court.[147] In this period, during the government of Leonel Brizola in Rio de Janeiro, he accepted to be the director of the State Foundation for Education of the Minor, at the Santos Dumont School, where he tried to remove the repressive methods and give education to orphaned, street or delinquent girls.[148] In 1998 he began his writing career, with his first book, "Salvo Conduto" (Safe Conduct), published by Garamond, describing his career as a union leader[149][150] and on the same occasion received the "Destaque Aeronauta" award, from the National Union of Aeronauts.[151] In August 1999 he released the book "Nos Bastidores da Anistia" (Behind the Scenes of Amnesty).[152]

On October 23, 2003, he was restored the Santos-Dumont Merit Medal.[153] In March 2006 Paulo de Mello testified at the Amnesty Commission [pt][50] and in September of the same year published the book "A Caixa-Preta do Golpe de 64" (The Black-Box from the 1964 Coup d'état).[154] In July 2011 he was involved in honoring the centennial of Brigadier Francisco Teixeira, who in 1948 launched The oil is ours only [pt] campaign.[155] In 2014 he was one of the CGT representatives still alive who signed a document sent to the Ministry of Labor that requested a survey of interventions in trade union centrals between 1946 and 1988.[156] In 2018 he was honored by the Torture Never Again Group, receiving the Chico Mendes Medal of Resistance [pt].[157]

Death

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Paulo de Mello Bastos died on May 30, 2019, and was cremated at Carmo Memorial [pt].[27]

Personal life

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He married teacher Edelena Albernaz de Mello Bastos on January 23, 1943.[158][159][119] He fathered João W. Nery, Solange Bastos [pt],[27] Flávia Cavalcanti[150] and Tania de Mello Bastos.[113] He was a cousin-brother of Luiz Portela de Carvalho, mayor of Palmares.[160] In his career as an aviator he has accumulated more than 16,000 flight hours.[87]

Works

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  • Salvo Conduto (in Brazilian Portuguese) (1 ed.). Garamond. 1998. p. 207. ISBN 8586435139. OL 142889M.
  • Nos Bastidores da Anistia (in Brazilian Portuguese). Ferreira Botelho. 1999. p. 208.
  • Tauã, a verdade verdadeira que seu Noberto contou (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Família Bastos. 2003. p. 203. ISBN 85-89853-01-2. OL 30752870M.
  • A Caixa-Preta do Golpe de 64 (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Família Bastos. 2006. p. 320. ISBN 85-89853-04-7. OL 23206352M.
  • O Nordeste é um Só (PDF) (in Brazilian Portuguese). Família Bastos. 2010. p. 244. ISBN 978-85-89853-06-4. OL 30752402M.

References

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  1. ^ Última Hora, 3 de junho de 1963, p. 6.
  2. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 53.
  3. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 205.
  4. ^ Jornal Pequeno, 26 de janeiro de 1948, p. 2.
  5. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 45.
  6. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 48.
  7. ^ O Imparcial, 18 de junho de 1938, p. 13.
  8. ^ Correio da Manhã, 18 de junho de 1938, p. 2.
  9. ^ Jornal do Commercio, 7 de abril de 1940, pp. 09–10.
  10. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 19.
  11. ^ Jornal do Commercio, 5 de maio de 1940, p. 8.
  12. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 21.
  13. ^ O Imparcial, 22 de fevereiro de 1941, p. 2.
  14. ^ O Imparcial, 28 de março de 1941, p. 2.
  15. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 32.
  16. ^ A Noite, 11 de fevereiro de 1942, p. 4.
  17. ^ A Noite, 23 de junho de 1942, p. 6.
  18. ^ A Noite, 15 de março de 1942, p. 9.
  19. ^ Gazeta de Notícias, 12 de abril de 1942, p. 5.
  20. ^ Gazeta de Notícias, 14 de janeiro de 1943, p. 2.
  21. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 44.
  22. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 40–42.
  23. ^ Luta Democrática, 31 de maio de 1963, p. 3.
  24. ^ Diário de Pernambuco, 8 de fevereiro de 1945, p. 4.
  25. ^ A Manhã, 26 de março de 1946, p. 3.
  26. ^ O Jornal, 13 de janeiro de 1954, p. 3.
  27. ^ a b c d e Quem tem medo da democracia?, 31 de maio de 2019.
  28. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 35.
  29. ^ A Manhã, 8 de outubro de 1950, p. 3.
  30. ^ A Manhã, 9 de novembro de 1950, p. 10.
  31. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 29 de dezembro de 1951, p. 9.
  32. ^ A Manhã, 5 de fevereiro de 1952, p. 7.
  33. ^ O Malho, dezembro de 1953, p. 16.
  34. ^ Diario Carioca, 10 de novembro de 1953, p. 9.
  35. ^ Diário de Notícias, 10 de novembro de 1953, p. 6.
  36. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 22 de maio de 1963, p. 5.
  37. ^ O Jornal, 23 de abril de 1955, p. 3.
  38. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 7-8 de maio de 1955, p. 2.
  39. ^ Diario Carioca, 7 de maio de 1955, p. 8.
  40. ^ Imprensa Popular, 13 de novembro de 1955, p. 2.
  41. ^ Correio da Manhã, 23 de dezembro de 1955, p. 5.
  42. ^ Jornal do Commercio, 10 de julho de 1955, p. 4.
  43. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 22 de março de 1957, p. 7.
  44. ^ O Semanário entre 16-23 de maio de 1957, p. 2.
  45. ^ Imprensa Popular, 1 de junho de 1957, p. 6.
  46. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 1 de junho de 1957, p. 15.
  47. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 17 de outubro de 1959, p. 9.
  48. ^ A Noite, 31 de julho de 1961, p. 4.
  49. ^ a b c Sindicato Nacional dos Aeronautas, 4 de junho de 2019.
  50. ^ a b c d e f Rede Brasil Atual, 1 de junho de 2019.
  51. ^ Lima 2020, p. 43.
  52. ^ a b Bastos 2003, p. 206.
  53. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 27 de novembro de 1962, p. 5.
  54. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 84–85.
  55. ^ Correio da Manhã, 22 de maio de 1963, p. 1.
  56. ^ Diário de Notícias, 23 de maio de 1963, p. 7.
  57. ^ O Semanário, 23-29 de janeiro de 1964, p. 7.
  58. ^ Correio Paulistano, 28 de maio de 1963, p. 1.
  59. ^ Última Hora, 28 de maio de 1963, p. 2.
  60. ^ Última Hora, 30 de maio de 1963, p. 4.
  61. ^ A Noite, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 1.
  62. ^ A Tribuna, 28 de maio de 1963, p. 9.
  63. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 21 de maio de 1963, p. 6.
  64. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 1-2 de junho de 1963, p. 3.
  65. ^ O Jornal, 30 de maio de 1963, p. 12.
  66. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 11 de junho de 1963, p. 2.
  67. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 3.
  68. ^ Jornal do Comercio, 31 de maio de 1963, p. 1.
  69. ^ a b Sasaki 2015, p. 222.
  70. ^ Novos Rumos, 7-13 de junho de 1963, p. 2.
  71. ^ El Tiempo, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 6.
  72. ^ La Nación, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 41.
  73. ^ Diario Carioca, 3 de junho de 1963, p. 6.
  74. ^ O Poti, 2 de junho de 1963, p. 6.
  75. ^ Diario de Natal, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 1.
  76. ^ O Jornal, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 7.
  77. ^ Diario da Noite, 29 de maio de 1963, p. 4.
  78. ^ O Jornal, 6 de junho de 1963, p. 3.
  79. ^ Última Hora, 5 de junho de 1963, p. 2.
  80. ^ Última Hora, 6 de junho de 1963, p. 2.
  81. ^ Diário de Notícias, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 2.
  82. ^ Última Hora, 1 de junho de 1963, p. 3.
  83. ^ Diario de Natal, 28 de maio de 1963, p. 3.
  84. ^ Diário de Notícias, 26 de maio de 1963, p. 3.
  85. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 105.
  86. ^ Diario do Paraná, 29 de maio de 1963, p. 1.
  87. ^ a b Tribuna da Imprensa, 27 de maio de 1963, p. 4.
  88. ^ Novos Rumos, 24-30 de maio de 1963, p. 1.
  89. ^ Diario Carioca, 18 de junho de 1963, p. 5.
  90. ^ A Tribuna, 8 de junho de 1963, p. 5.
  91. ^ Foreign Broadcast Information Services, 7 de junho de 1963, p. 36.
  92. ^ Correio da Manhã, 9 de junho de 1963, p. 3.
  93. ^ Diario Carioca, 12 de junho de 1963, p. 6.
  94. ^ Diario Carioca, 8 de junho de 1963, p. 6.
  95. ^ Diario Carioca, 5 de julho de 1963, p. 9.
  96. ^ Correio da Manhã, 5 de julho de 1963, p. 9.
  97. ^ Diário de Notícias, 6 de junho de 1963, p. 2.
  98. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 30 de agosto de 1963, p. 12.
  99. ^ Jornal do dia, 19 de setembro de 1963, p. 8.
  100. ^ Última Hora, 9 de outubro de 1963, p. 2.
  101. ^ Última Hora RJ, 9 de outubro de 1963, p. 8.
  102. ^ Rádio Nacional, 12 de março de 2014.
  103. ^ Diário de Pernambuco, 14 de janeiro de 1964, p. 1.
  104. ^ Batistella 2015, p. 291.
  105. ^ A Luta Democrática, 26 de fevereiro de 1964, p. 3.
  106. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 3 de fevereiro de 1964, p. 4.
  107. ^ Diário de Notícias, 27 de março de 1964, p. 2.
  108. ^ Correio da Manhã, 1 de abril de 1964, p. 1.
  109. ^ Diario de Natal, 25 de setembro de 1964, p. 4.
  110. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 21 de junho de 1964, p. 8.
  111. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 17.
  112. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 175.
  113. ^ a b Alto Madeira, 8 de abril de 1981, p. 2.
  114. ^ a b Correio Braziliense, 8 de fevereiro de 1980, p. 8.
  115. ^ Diário de Notícias, 25 de setembro de 1964, p. 1.
  116. ^ A Tribuna, 20 de junho de 1964, p. 5.
  117. ^ Diário de Pernambuco, 7 de janeiro de 1965, p. 2.
  118. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 11.
  119. ^ a b Nery 2012, p. 63.
  120. ^ Última Hora, 15 de dezembro de 1964, p. 3.
  121. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 148–149.
  122. ^ Manchete, 22 de abril de 1978, p. 132.
  123. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 149.
  124. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 150.
  125. ^ Jornal do Brasil, 13 de março de 1965, p. 4.
  126. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 209.
  127. ^ Jornal do Commercio, 1 de abril de 1966, p. 5.
  128. ^ O Fluminense, 21 de setembro de 1966, p. 3.
  129. ^ O Jornal, 17 de outubro de 1967, p. 5.
  130. ^ O Jornal, 23 de fevereiro de 1968, p. 5.
  131. ^ Correio da Manhã, 24 de março de 1971, p. 6.
  132. ^ A Tribuna, 21 de maio de 1968, p. 4.
  133. ^ Correio da Manhã, 18 de maio de 1968, p. 5.
  134. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 160–162.
  135. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 172–174.
  136. ^ Correio da Manhã, 12 de novembro de 1969, p. 8.
  137. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 172.
  138. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 179–180.
  139. ^ Hora do Povo, 2 de junho de 2019.
  140. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 194.
  141. ^ Lima Vieira 2014, p. 258.
  142. ^ Gaspari 2016, p. 135.
  143. ^ Correio Braziliense, 26 de fevereiro de 1980, p. 4.
  144. ^ Tribuna da Imprensa, 22-23 de agosto de 1981, p. 4.
  145. ^ A Tribuna, 21 de junho de 1980, p. 7.
  146. ^ Silva 2021, p. 76.
  147. ^ Machado 2021, p. 73.
  148. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 182–185.
  149. ^ Agência Brasil, 1 de dezembro de 2003.
  150. ^ a b Manchete, 21 de novembro de 1998, p. 72.
  151. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 7.
  152. ^ Jornal do Commercio, 24 de agosto de 1999, p. 19.
  153. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 16.
  154. ^ GGN, 1 de abril de 2014.
  155. ^ Jornal da ABI, julho de 2011, p. 15.
  156. ^ Central Única dos Trabalhadores, 8 de dezembro de 2014.
  157. ^ Agência Brasil, 2 de abril de 2018.
  158. ^ Correio da Manhã, 12 de junho de 1963, p. 4.
  159. ^ Bastos 2003, pp. 44–45.
  160. ^ Bastos 2003, p. 113.

Notes

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  1. ^ He was also a former president of the National Federation of Air Transport Workers.[1] You can read all of his union assignments in Bastos 2003, p. 205
  2. ^ Something that had already occurred in 1941,[14] the first year he flew in this category.[15]
  3. ^ Labor Minister Almino Afonso [pt], among those who considered Paulo de Mello Bastos' dismissal illegal, also tried to intercede,[62] besides having recognized the strike as legitimate,[63] a position that the President of Brazil reiterated in a meeting with representatives of the strike.[64]
    João Goulart only got involved after the Minister did not consider himself capable of carrying out the proper negotiations to avoid the strike[65] and the fact that he failed to resolve it quickly led a faction of the CGT to consider a public break with the then president.[66] The Supreme Federal Court considered both the dismissal and the strike to be illegal.[67]
  4. ^ An analysis of the "Diario Carioca" says that the strike was initially going to be called by the CGT as a way to pressure the approval of the base reforms, but with the creation of the Union of Workers' Unions by the trade union advisor to the Presidency (aiming to divide the CGT), this would become impossible. However, Paulo de Mello's dismissal would have created the climate for a general strike.[73]
  5. ^ The "Association of Pilots from Panair do Brasil" considered the same, among other things, so they advised against their members participating in the strike.[77]
    VARIG's employees also opposed the strike.[78] The National Union of Aeronauts and of Air Workers even denounced that Varig was forcing its employees to sign a manifesto against Captain Mello Bastos, with the risk of dismissal otherwise.[79][80] The strikers were also in favor of federal intervention [pt] in Varig.[81]
  6. ^ In his book, Paulo de Mello Bastos says that the resignation came after he had passed on a telegram supporting a report in the "Política e Negócios" magazine about the lack of airline safety.[85]
  7. ^ Speaking to the "Tribuna da Imprensa", Paulo de Mello said that he only reproduced in his speech the results of the investigation.[87]
  8. ^ Sasaki 2015 says that the dismissal was due to the commander having sent a letter to the Ministry of Aeronautics recommending the creation of Aerobrás, something that the then president of Varig, Ruben Berta [pt], would not accept being discussed and fired anyone who contradicted him, because he did not want a state-owned company to absorb Varig.[69]
  9. ^ The "Diário Carioca" of June 18 said that he would continue to receive his salary.[89]
  10. ^ He also tried employment with LAN Chile and Air Algerie, but was also prevented from doing so by pressure from the Brazilian government.[121]
  11. ^ In his book he describes that he created, together with other exiles, the company "Pollolandia", a poultry and egg house, but it did not last.[123] In the same period he also made friends with members of the Tupamaros.[124]
  12. ^ In the same year he was indicted by an IPM [pt],[128] filed in 1967.[129] However, in 1968 investigations were still underway seeking to attribute some culpability in "subversive activities" to Paulo de Mello and other unionists.[130] In 1971 the Navy acquitted him and others accused under the National Security Law due to lack of evidence of alleged "subversive activities" within the João Goulart Government.[131]
  13. ^ In his book he describes that he entered Brazil clandestinely in 1967 with the help of the Brazilian Communist Party[134] and only regularized his situation after being kidnapped by police forces in October of the same year.[135] In 1969 he entered a competition at the Dobermann Club with his pet, which he won in the "Best Male" category.[136]

Bibliography

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(Chronological order)

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