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Oxley, Queensland

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Oxley is a south-western suburb in the City of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.[5] It is 14.8 kilometres (9.2 mi) from the Brisbane GPO by road.[6] The suburb contains a mix of residential and industrial land.[7] In the 2021 census, Oxley had a population of 9,100 people.[1]

Oxley
Brisbane, Queensland
Roundabout at Oxley central, 2009
Oxley is located in Queensland
Oxley
Oxley
Map
Coordinates27°33′42″S 152°58′32″E / 27.5616°S 152.9755°E / -27.5616; 152.9755 (Oxley (centre of suburb))
Population9,100 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density1,264/km2 (3,270/sq mi)
Established1851
Postcode(s)4075
Area7.2 km2 (2.8 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location14.8 km (9 mi) SW of Brisbane CBD
LGA(s)City of Brisbane
(Jamboree Ward,[2] Moorooka Ward,[3] Tennyson Ward)[4]
State electorate(s)
Federal division(s)Moreton
Suburbs around Oxley:
Seventeen Mile Rocks Fig Tree Pocket
Corinda		 Rocklea
Darra Oxley Rocklea
Richlands Inala
Durack		 Willawong

Geography

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Ipswich Motorway looking west at Oxley Road roundabout, Oxley, 2019

Oxley is bounded to the north by the Brisbane River and Oxley Creek flows along the eastern edge.[8] In the east the environment is shaped by flood plains which experience major flooding and flash-flooding.[9] Western parts of the suburb are characterised by rolling hills with clay-laden soils.[citation needed] The suburb is traversed by the Ipswich Motorway connecting Oxley to Rocklea to the east and Darra to the west. Oxley Road connects Oxley to Corinda to the north and continues south across the Ipswich Motorway with the name Blunder Road to Durack, Seventeen Mile Rocks Road connects Oxley to the west to Seventeen Mile Rocks and Darra. Oxley is separated from Fig Tree Pocket by the Brisbane River.[7]

 
Oxley Golf course, bunkers at the 9th hole, 2014

Oxley has two golf courses and a golf driving range—Oxley Golf Course located at 290 Boundary Road (27°34′17″S 152°58′38″E / 27.5714°S 152.9771°E / -27.5714; 152.9771 (Oxley Golf Club)),[10] and Corinda Golf Course located on Cliveden Avenue, the latter of which has now been purchased by Brisbane Boys' College as their playing fields along with the driving range. Oxley also contains the Canossa Private Hospital and.the Queensland Police Service's training academy.[11][12]

The former Austral Bricks quarry site in Douglas Street, as well as two other plots of vacant land in the area have been converted to residential estates. The quarry was originally owned by Brittain Bricks. For many years the site was a brickworks, sourcing clay directly from adjacent pits. After production stopped, the kiln stack remained intact. During the mid-1990s the tall structure was removed as it was attracting lightning strikes.[citation needed]

History

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The area that is now known as Oxley has been an important place to Aboriginal people for thousands of years. The banks of Benarrawa, the original name for Oxley Creek, were home to clans such as the Yerongpan and Chepora, part of the Yugara and Yugarabul peoples. Surrounded by dense forest and abundant wildlife like kangaroos (murri), koalas (dumbirrbi), turtles (binkin), and black swans (marutchi), This area also served as a transit route (kul'gun) for other clans travelling throughout the region. Many traditional land management and hunting techniques were used around Benarrawa, such as firestick farming and the use of ingenious fishing methods like traps and chemical stunning.[13][14]

19th century

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Oxley Creek was named in honour of John Oxley who first surveyed it in December 1823. Initially Oxley had called the creek Canoe Creek.[15] This was in recognition of the first Europeans to reach the creek, Thomas Pamphlett, John Finnegan, Richard Parsons who reached the area after being shipwrecked on Stradbroke Island. At Oxley Creek the three found two canoes, one of which was used to cross the river and travel downstream.[16] In 1925, Edmund Lockyer, during his survey of the Brisbane River, named it Oxley Creek in honour of John Oxley.[15] The suburb takes its name from the creek.[17]

The first land sale that covered parts of today's Oxley occurred in 1851.[18] Oxley once covered a larger area including the suburbs of Chelmer, Graceville and Corinda to the north. It extended to the south into the current suburbs of Willawong and Durack. The first subdivision of residential lands occurred in 1864 near Douglas Street.[18] Although the railway through the suburb connected Oxley to Brisbane, it was the road to Ipswich that defined the suburb's early development.[18]

A significant portion of the area now encompassing Oxley was originally leased by Thomas Boyland, in the early 1850s, with the area being known as Boyland's Pocket.  This land was later subdivided for small farms, approximately from the 1860s.[14]

The suburb was a stop-over point on the Cobb & Co coach route west to the Darling Downs. The first hotel in Oxley was built in 1860 close to Oxley Creek on a rise near Factory Road.[18] It attracted other businesses to the area and provided refreshments for travellers between Brisbane and Ipswich. The hotel soon gained a reputation as a venue where drinking and dancing occurred well into the morning hours.[18] The hotel was moved several times due to flooding which was not a deterrent to the licensee. By 1892 a brick hotel has been built on the corner of Oxley Road and Ipswich Road, the site of a public bar still open today.[citation needed]

 
Travelling sugar mill, Walrus, circa 1870

By the late 1860s the area had grown sufficiently to support a hotel, racecourse, post office and churches.[14] 

A bark non-denominational church was built on the corner of Oxley Road and Bannerman Street (previously known as William Street and School Street). In 1891, an additional weatherboard building was erected as part of the church. It was used for Anglican and Presbyterian services. Following the closure of the church in the 1920s,[when?] the 1891 building was relocated to Sherwood to become part of a blacksmith's shop.[19]

In 1869, a floating sugar mill and cane crushing plant, named the Walrus, was operating in Oxley Creek as well as other places.[14]

Oxley East Non-Vested School opened on 31 January 1870. In 1881, it was taken over by the Department of Public Instruction and renamed Oxley State School. A pre-school was opened on 5 September 1977.[20][18]

In the 1870s, small scale farming progressively diversified into dairying and other agricultural pursuits, for instance bacon processing.[14] A small creamery was operating in 1873, most probably located near Factory Road in Oxley's south-east parts.[18]

By 1873 there were five churches operating: Anglican, Congregational, Presbyterian, Baptist and Methodist.[21]

 
Steam engine at Oxley Railway Station, 1876

In 1874, the Oxley railway station was opened on the Main Line railway from Brisbane to Ipswich.[18][22] This led to the establishment of a second subdivision in 1876, referred to as the Township of Oxley which was centred on the train station. It consisted of 140 allotments with the lower ones experiencing periodic inundation. In the same year the construction of the first police station was completed.[18] Dairying became common in the area during the 1890s. The 1893 Brisbane flood halted housing construction in the lower parts of Oxley for many years.[18] William Brittain moved his brick making operations to a 200-acre (0.81 km2) site on Douglas Street in 1899.[18]

In 1879, the local government area of Yeerongpilly Division was created. In 1891, parts of Yeerongpilly Division were excised to create Sherwood Division becoming a Shire in 1903 which contained the suburb of Oxley. In 1925, the Shire of Sherwood was amalgamated into the City of Brisbane.[23]

Mrs Janet O'Connor Girls School opened on 1885 and closed on 1920.[20]

 
Ladies of Duporth Private School, Oxley, 1913

Duporth Ladies School moved from Brisbane to Oxley in 1888, with the site of this school later becoming the location for an Ursuline Convent (1924–57) and the Canossa Hospital (1965).[14]

In June 1889, "Oxley Station Terraces Estate" made up of 145 allotments were advertised to be auctioned by T. A. Lawson & Co., auctioneers. A map advertising the auction contains a local sketch of the Estate.[24] Newspaper advertisements for the auction state the Estate has splendid river frontage and is only five minutes' walk from Oxley Station.[25]

20th century

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A sailing club was established in 1902.[14]

By 1904, the "Bacon Factory" as it was locally known as, which produced not only bacon but also cheese, ham and other small goods was established.[18]

In 1911, due to regular flooding, the Oxley police station was moved to a site where the police academy currently is.[18]

The Oxley Progress Association was founded in 1917. It built the small hall in Station Road in 1924.[14] It supported the establishment of the Oxley War Memorial. This community group was still active in the early 1990s. During this time[when?] the Darra cement works on the western edge of Oxley had plans for a major expansion. With the help of the Oxley Progress Association residents were successful in stopping this development. In the 1960s the group played a major role in the proclamation of Queensland's Clean Air Act.[18]

The Oxley war memorial to the fallen was opened in 1920[18] and moved in 1980.  The firm of stonemasons which constructed this memorial was F. Williams & Co of Toowoomba, with the original cost being approximately £110.  It is constructed of sandstone and marble and was built in honour of those from the district who died in World War I.  This memorial is listed on the Queensland Heritage Register.[26][27]

 
Motor vehicles in the bush, 1930

The Oxley Golf Club was established in 1928.[28][29][30] Its golf course was officially opened for play on Saturday 23 March 1929.[31]

A Methodist church was built in 1930.[18]

On Sunday 9 January 1938 a new Apostolic church was opened and dedicated by the Apostle Emil Zeike, the head of the Apostolic Church of Queensland. The church is in Irwin Street.[32][33]

The Oxley Scout Group was formed in 1951 and in 1955 the Oxley fire station was established.[18]

An ambulance station was built in the suburb in 1961 but was moved to Durack in 2002.[18]

Oxley State High School opened on 24 January 1966. On 1 January 1994, it was renamed Oxley Secondary College. It closed on 31 December 2000, with Centenary State High School in Jindalee replacing it.[18][20][34] However, as at 2022, the suburb of Oxley is not within Centenary State High School's catchment area.[35] Oxley Secondary College was off Clivenden Avenue (27°33′05″S 152°58′09″E / 27.5514°S 152.9693°E / -27.5514; 152.9693 (Oxley State High School / Secondary College (former))).[34]

The bus/rail interchange at Oxley station was built in 1977.[18]

21st century

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Oxley Station Road about 17 hours before the 2011 Queensland flood peak

The 2010–2011 Queensland floods inundated many properties along the main roads of Oxley Road, Blunder Road and the Ipswich Motorway as well as at least ten minor roads.[citation needed] The Bunnings warehouse on Blunder Road was flooded and was closed for 2 months.[36]

On 17 July 2013, a new Woolworths store opened on Oxley Station Road.[37]

The 2022 floods in Brisbane affected parts of Oxley. The Bunnings warehouse was flooded again.[36] It was announced in August 2022 that the ground-level building would not re-open but that a new 3-level building would replace it with the ground floor level dedicated to car parking and the two upper levels for retailing which would be above the level of a future flood. Bunnings predicts that this design will enable them to reopen the store within 24 hours after a flood rather than months. The design has been proven at their Bundamba store which recovered from the 2022 floods within 24 hours.[38]

Demographics

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In the 2011 census, the population of Oxley was 7,291, 51.1% female and 48.9% male. The median age of the Oxley population was 34 years of age, 3 years below the Australian median. 64.4% of people living in Oxley were born in Australia, slightly below the national average of 69.8%. The other top responses for country of birth were Vietnam 4.3%, England 3.7%, New Zealand 3.3%, Philippines 1.4%, India 1.2%. 72.1% of people spoke only English at home, the next most popular languages were 6.1% Vietnamese, 1% Hindi, 1% Arabic, 1% Mandarin, 0.8% Cantonese.[39]

In the 2016 census, Oxley had a population of 8,336 people.[40]

In the 2021 census, Oxley had a population of 9,100 people.[1]

Heritage listings

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Oxley War Memorial, 2014

Oxley has a number of heritage-listed sites, including:

Economy

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With an easily accessed supply of clay in the area, PGH Bricks & Pavers has one of two Queensland production plants located in Oxley.[42]

Education

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Oxley State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Bannerman Street (27°33′51″S 152°58′50″E / 27.5642°S 152.9806°E / -27.5642; 152.9806 (Oxley State School)).[43][44] In 2018, the school had an enrolment of 475 students with 36 teachers (29 full-time equivalent) and 22 non-teaching staff (15 full-time equivalent).[45]

There is no secondary school in Oxley. The nearest government secondary schools are Corinda State High School in neighbouring Corinda to the north and Glenala State High School in neighbouring Durack to the south.[7]

Queensland Police Academy has its Brisbane campus at 92 Rudd Street (27°34′12″S 152°58′28″E / 27.5701°S 152.9745°E / -27.5701; 152.9745 (educational facility)).[46][47][12]

Facilities

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Canossa Private Hospital is at 169 Seventeen Mile Rocks Road (27°33′07″S 152°57′51″E / 27.5520°S 152.9642°E / -27.5520; 152.9642 (private hospital)). It is colocated with aged care services and a retirement village.[46][11]

Oxley Creek Wastewater Treatment Plant is a sewage treatment plant at the northern end of Donaldson Road (27°33′15″S 152°59′27″E / 27.5543°S 152.9908°E / -27.5543; 152.9908 (sewage treatment plant)).[46] The treated effluent is released into the Brisbane River.[48]

Amenities

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The Oxley branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the QCWA Oxley Hall at 76 Lincoln Street.[49]

There are a number of churches in Oxley, including:

Also, Oxley Samoan Church meets at Goodna State School at 1 Albert Street, Goodna.[53] It is part of the Wesleyan Methodist Church of Australia.[54]

Canossa Retirement Village is at 11 Fort Road (27°33′13″S 152°57′49″E / 27.5537°S 152.9635°E / -27.5537; 152.9635 (Canossa Retirement Village)).[55] It is co-located with Canossa Private Hospital.[56]

Despite its name, the Archerfield Wetlands is a 150-hectare (370-acre) greenspace precinct within the suburbs of Durack, Willawong, Rocklea, and Oxley in the Oxley Creek corridor. It borders the Archerfield Airport. The main entry point to the wetlands is via the Archerfield Wetlands District Park at 455 Bowhill Road, Durack. The district park replaces the former Inala wastewater treatment plant and has a number of indoor and outdoor community spaces, playgrounds with water features, and picnic and barbeque facilities. It is also the start of a number of walking and cycling trails through the larger wetlands. There is a norrthern entrance to the trails at 30 Gleneagles Crescent, Oxley (27°34′17″S 152°59′10″E / 27.57142°S 152.98620°E / -27.57142; 152.98620 (Archerfield Wetlands (northern entrance to trails))).[57][58]

Transport

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Oxley railway station, 2009

The Ipswich Motorway traverses Oxley and the train from Brisbane to Ipswich has a station at Oxley, and is connected to a number of suburbs via bus services. A CityExpress bus stop on Blunder Road links Inala Plaza bus station to the inner city using Ipswich Road. Oxley Road connects the Ipswich Motorway to the suburb of Indooroopilly via the Walter Taylor Bridge.[8]

See also

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Notes

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Oxley (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023.  
  2. ^ "Jamboree Ward". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  3. ^ "Moorooka Ward". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 12 March 2017. Retrieved 12 March 2017.
  4. ^ "Tennyson Ward". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 4 March 2017. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  5. ^ "Oxley – suburb in City of Brisbane (entry 50186)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 26 December 2020.
  6. ^ "Brisbane GPO to Oxley" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  7. ^ a b c "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  8. ^ a b "Oxley". ourbrisbane.com via the WABAC machine. Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 19 June 2008. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  9. ^ "Known floods in the Brisbane & Bremer River basin including the cities of Brisbane and Ipswich". Australian Bureau of Meteorology. April 2014. Archived from the original on 31 August 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  10. ^ "Oxley Golf Club, prestigious 18 hole Par 72 Championship layout". Oxley Golf Club. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  11. ^ a b "Canossa Private Hospital Oxley Australia". Canossa Hospital. Archived from the original on 30 December 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  12. ^ a b "Queensland Police Academy: Visitor's Handbook" (PDF). Queensland Police. p. 5.
  13. ^ "Fishing with Poisons". www.primitiveways.com. Archived from the original on 2 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Randall, Brian (5 October 2012). "Queensland Place Histories - Oxley, Brisbane". State Library Of Queensland. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Oxley Creek (entry 25701)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  16. ^ Fones 2006, pp. 4–10.
  17. ^ "Oxley – suburb in City of Brisbane (entry 43018)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Fones, Ralph (2006). Oxley! A mind of its own:a history of a suburb with attitude. 1850–1950. Oxley-Chelmer History Group. ISBN 0-9751466-2-9.
  19. ^ Fones 2006, pp. 12, 14–16.
  20. ^ a b c Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  21. ^ "MOUNT HOGAN, TWENTY-MILE, AND PERCY RIVER". The Queenslander. Vol. VIII, no. 373. Queensland, Australia. 29 March 1873. p. 10. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ Kerr, John (1990). Triumph of narrow gauge : a history of Queensland Railways. Boolarong Publications. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-86439-102-5.
  23. ^ Fones, Ralph (1 January 1993). "Suburban conservatism in the Sherwood Shire 1891-1920". UQ eSpace. Archived from the original on 2 March 2020. Retrieved 2 March 2020.
  24. ^ "Oxley Station Terraces Estate". State Library of Queensland. 1889. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2023.
  25. ^ "Classified Advertising". The Brisbane Courier. Vol. XLV, no. 9, 803. Queensland, Australia. 15 June 1889. p. 8. Archived from the original on 2 January 2024. Retrieved 1 February 2023 – via National Library of Australia.
  26. ^ "Queensland Place Histories - Oxley, Brisbane | State Library Of Queensland". www.slq.qld.gov.au. 5 October 2012. Archived from the original on 17 May 2021. Retrieved 17 May 2021.
  27. ^ a b "Oxley War Memorial (entry 602447)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  28. ^ Gregory, Don. "Oxley Golf Club Inc". Archived from the original on 24 October 2009. Retrieved 22 October 2009.
  29. ^ "GOLF". The Brisbane Courier. No. 21, 998. Queensland, Australia. 28 July 1928. p. 6. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  30. ^ "GOLF". The Brisbane Courier. No. 22, 067. Queensland, Australia. 17 October 1928. p. 7. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  31. ^ "OXLEY REJOICES IN A NEW GOLF COURSE". Sunday Mail. No. 304. Queensland, Australia. 24 March 1929. p. 1. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022 – via National Library of Australia.
  32. ^ "NEW APOSTOLIC CHURCH". Sunday Mail. No. 403. Queensland, Australia. 9 January 1938. p. 11. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 27 May 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  33. ^ ""APOSTLE" DESIGNS CHURCH". The Courier-mail. No. 1338. Queensland, Australia. 14 December 1937. p. 18. Archived from the original on 24 August 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021 – via National Library of Australia.
  34. ^ a b "Oxley State High School". Mapping Brisbane History. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  35. ^ "Who can enrol at Centenary SHS". Centenary State High School. 2 November 2018. Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  36. ^ a b Holdsworth, Matty (18 May 2022). "Futures of flood-smashed Rocklea, Oxley Bunnings stores revealed". The Courier-Mail. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  37. ^ "Woolworths Oxley welcomes first customers to new store". Woolworths. 16 July 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 3 August 2013.
  38. ^ Paris, Taryn (17 August 2022). "Bunnings Plans $60m Flood-Resilient Warehouse". The Urban Developer. Archived from the original on 20 August 2022. Retrieved 20 August 2022.
  39. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Oxley (SSC)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 11 February 2022.  
  40. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Oxley (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.  
  41. ^ "The Fort (entry 650252)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
  42. ^ "About PGH". CSR Limited. Archived from the original on 16 October 2009. Retrieved 18 October 2009.
  43. ^ "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  44. ^ "Oxley State School". Archived from the original on 12 March 2020. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  45. ^ "ACARA School Profile 2018". Australian Curriculum, Assessment and Reporting Authority. Archived from the original on 27 August 2020. Retrieved 28 January 2020.
  46. ^ a b c "Landmark Areas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 18 November 2020. Archived from the original on 21 November 2020. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  47. ^ "Service training". Queensland Police Service. Archived from the original on 13 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  48. ^ "Oxley Wastewater Treatment Plant". WetlandInfo. Queensland Government. 14 November 2019. Archived from the original on 25 March 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  49. ^ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  50. ^ "Oxley - Darra Uniting Church". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  51. ^ "The Apostolic Church of Queensland, Oxley". Churches Australia. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  52. ^ "Oxley Apostolic Church" (Map). Google Maps. Retrieved 27 May 2021.
  53. ^ "Oxley Samoan". Wesleyan Methodist Church Australia. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  54. ^ "South Queensland". Wesleyan Methodist Church Australia. Archived from the original on 21 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
  55. ^ "Building areas - Queensland". Queensland Open Data. Queensland Government. 17 November 2020. Archived from the original on 23 October 2020. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  56. ^ "Canossa Gardens". Canossa Gardens. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  57. ^ "Archerfield Wetlands Parkland". Brisbane City Council. Archived from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 7 October 2024.
  58. ^ "Archerfield Wetlands Precinct Plan: "The heart of Oxley Creek"" (PDF). Brisbane City Council. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2024. Retrieved 8 October 2024.

Sources

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  • Fones, Ralph; Oxley-Chelmer History Group (2006), Oxley! : a mind of its own : a history of a suburb with attitude, 1850-1950, Oxley-Chelmer History Group, ISBN 978-0-9751466-2-0

Attribution

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  This Wikipedia article incorporates text from Oxley, Brisbane (5 October 2012) by Brian Randall published by the State Library of Queensland under CC BY licence, accessed on 11 February 2022.

Further reading

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Oxley, Queensland.
  • "Oxley". Queensland Places. Centre for the Government of Queensland, University of Queensland.
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