The Owari Kokubun-ji (尾張国分寺) is a Buddhist temple located in the Yawase neighborhood of the city of Inazawa, Aichi, Japan. The temple belongs to the Myōshin-ji branch of the Rinzai school of Japanese Zen. Its main image is a statue of Yakushi Nyōrai. It is the modern successor of one of the provincial temples established by Emperor Shōmu during the Nara period (710 – 794) for the purpose of promoting Buddhism as the national religion of Japan and standardising control of imperial rule over the provinces.[1] The foundation stones of the original temple was designated as a National Historic Site by the Japanese government in 2012.[2]
| Owari Kokubun-ji | |
|---|---|
尾張国分寺 | |
 Entry to Owari Kokubun-ji | |
| Religion | |
| Affiliation | Buddhist |
| Deity | Yakushi Nyōrai |
| Rite | Rinzai school |
| Status | functional |
| Location | |
| Location | Shiroato-2490 Yawasechō, Inazawa-shi, Aichi-ken 492-8342 |
| Country |  Japan |
  Shown within Aichi Prefecture  Owari Kokubun-ji (Japan) | |
| Geographic coordinates | 35°14′00″N 136°46′24″E / 35.23333°N 136.77333°E |
| Architecture | |
| Founder | Emperor Shōmu |
| Completed | 741 |
Owari Kokubun-ji ruins
editThe Shoku Nihongi records that in 741, as the country recovered from a major smallpox epidemic, Emperor Shōmu ordered that a monastery and nunnery be established in every province, the kokubunji (国分寺).[3][4]
The Owari Kokubun-ji was founded in 741 as the provincial temple of Owari Province, and is located approximately 900 meters south of its modern incarnation. The site is located on the a natural levee on the left bank of the Miyake River, and the ruins of the provincial capital of the province are four kilometers to the north-northeast. The template compound measures approximately 300 meters north-to-south by 200 meters east-to-west, although the exact dimensions have not been completely surveyed. Within this compound, the layout of the buildings was in accordance with the standardized "Shichidō garan" formation in a north–south line, similar to Tōdai-ji in Nara, upon which the kokubunji temples were based. [5]
The foundation stones of the Kondō indicate that it was a 25.6 x 21.6 meter structure erected on a tiled platform. Only two cornerstones of the foundations of the Kōdō (Lecture Hall) have been found, but it also built on a tiled platform. The pagoda had a foundation 14.7 meters square. It is estimated to have had three, or perhaps five stories, due to the weak foundation. [5]
No remains of the South Gate, Middle Gate, and only a small portion of the cloisters have yet been discovered, as most of the site is on private land, and a complete archaeological excavation has not been conducted. [5]
The Owari Kokubun-ji is mentioned several times in the 8th century Shoku Nihongi and per an entry in the Nihon Kiryaku dated 884 AD, the temple burned down. There is no record of it being rebuilt, but its location was preserved as a local place name into the Edo period. The location was commemorated by a stone monument in 1915. From 1961–2013, a total of 17 excavations were conducted. [5]
Shingon Risshu sect records make mention of an Owari Kokubun-ji in the year 920 and such a temple is listed as a subsidiary of Saidai-ji in Nara in 1391; however, this appears to be reference to an unrelated temple.
Current Owari Kokubun-ji
editThe present-day Owari Kokubun-ji was formerly called Enko-ji (円興寺) and was renamed to its present name in 1886. The foundation of Enko-ji is not certain, but is believed to be either 1328 or 1375 from temple records and was relocated to its present location in the early 17th century. At the time, a Shaka-dō chapel containing a Yakushi Nyōrai statue claimed to be from the original Owari Kokubun-ji was merged with Enko-ji, and the temple renamed itself due to the greater prestige of the ancient name.
The temple has five wooden statues from the Kamakura or Muromachi periods; (two statues of Shaka Nyōrai, two statues of the kami of Atsuta Shrine and one statue of the founding priest Dengakuzan) which are listed as National Important Cultural Properties of Japan.[6] [7] [8] [9]
The temple is a 15-minute walk from the "Yawase Kannon-mae" bus stop on the Meitetsu bus from Konomiya Station on the Meitetsu Nagoya Main Line. [5]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Kokubunji". Encyclopedia of Japan. Tokyo: Shogakukan. 2012. Archived from the original on 2007-08-25. Retrieved 2012-05-04.
- ^ "尾張国分寺跡" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Retrieved August 20, 2020.
- ^ Brown, Delmer M. (1993). Cambridge History of Japan vol. I. Cambridge University Press. p. 255.
- ^ Yiengpruksawan, Mimi Hall (1998). Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-Century Japan. Harvard University Press. pp. 22f.
- ^ a b c d e Isomura, Yukio; Sakai, Hideya (2012). (国指定史跡事典) National Historic Site Encyclopedia. 学生社. ISBN 4311750404.(in Japanese)
- ^ "木造釈迦如来坐像" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- ^ "木造釈迦如来坐像" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- ^ "木造伝覚山和尚坐像" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
- ^ "木造伝熱田大宮司夫妻坐像" (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs.
External links
edit
Media related to Owari Kokubunji at Wikimedia Commons
- Inazawa City home page(in Japanese)
- Aichi Cultural Properties Navi(in Japanese)