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Order of Merit of the Italian Republic

(Redirected from Order of Merit of the Republic)
"OMRI" redirects here. For other uses, see Omri (disambiguation).

The Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (Italian: Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana) is the most senior Italian order of merit. It was established in 1951 by the second President of the Italian Republic, Luigi Einaudi.[1]

Order of Merit of the
Italian Republic
Ordine al Merito della
Repubblica Italiana
Emblem of the order
Awarded by the Italian Republic
TypeOrder of merit
Established3 March 1951; 73 years ago (1951-03-03)
CountryItaly
EligibilityCivilian and military divisions
CriteriaMeritorious service or achievement
StatusCurrently constituted
FounderLuigi Einaudi
Grand MasterPresident of the Republic
Grades
  • Knight Grand Cross with Collar
  • Knight Grand Cross
  • Grand Officer
  • Commander
  • Officer
  • Knight
Post-nominalsOMRI
Websitewww.quirinale.it/page/omri Edit this at Wikidata
Precedence
Next (higher)None
Next (lower)Military Order of Italy

Ribbon of the order

Commander's badge with a ribbon bow

The highest-ranking honour of the Republic, it is awarded for "merit acquired by the nation" in the fields of literature, the arts, economy, public service, and social, philanthropic and humanitarian activities and for long and conspicuous service in civilian and military careers. The post-nominal letters for the order are OMRI.[2]

The order effectively replaced national orders such as the Civil Order of Savoy (1831), the Order of the Crown of Italy (1868), the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus (1572) and the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation (1362).[note 1]

Grades

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Investiture takes place twice a year – on 2 June, the anniversary of the foundation of the Republic, and on 27 December, the anniversary of the promulgation of the Italian Constitution. However, those awards on Presidential motu proprio, related to termination of service or granted to foreigners, may be made at any time.

The badge, modified in 2001, bears the inscription Al Merito della Repubblica encircling the national coat of arms on the obverse and the Latin Patriæ Unitati (for the union of the country) and Civium Libertati (for the liberty of the citizens) encircling the head of Italia turrita on the reverse.[4] The six degrees with corresponding ribbons are as follows (with numbers to 2 June 2020):

Ribbon
(1951–2001)		 Ribbon
(since 2001)		 Class (English) Full title in Italian Awards
    Knight Grand Cross with Collar Cavaliere di Gran Croce Decorato di Gran Cordone Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 201
    1st Class / Knight Grand Cross Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 9,178
    2nd Class / Grand Officer Grande Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 24,830
    3rd Class / Commander Commendatore Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 48,184
    4th Class / Officer Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 33,442
    5th Class / Knight Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana 146,390

The order is bestowed by decree of the President of the Italian Republic, as head of the orders of knighthood, on the recommendation of the President of the Council of Ministers. Except in exceptional circumstances, no one can be awarded for the first time a rank higher than Knight. The minimum age requirement is normally 35.

The Knight Grand Cross with Collar is awarded only to heads of state.

Recipients

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Grand Cross with Collar

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Date Recipient
28 December 1952   Greece – King Paul I (1947–1964)
11 March 1953   Brazil – President Getúlio Vargas (1930–1945; 1951–1954)
30 May 1953   Monaco – Prince Rainier III (1949–2005)
16 July 1953   Lebanon – President Camille Chamoun (1952–1958)
6 October 1953   Venezuela – President Marcos Pérez Jiménez (1953–1958)
16 November 1953   Argentina – President Juan Domingo Perón (1946–1955; 1973–1974)
31 December 1953   Germany – President Theodor Heuss (1949–1959)
13 February 1954   Haiti – President Paul Magloire (1950–1956)
31 July 1954   Dominican Republic – President Rafael Trujillo (1930–1938; 1942–1952)
6 September 1954   Chile – President Carlos Ibanez del Campo (1927–1931; 1952–1958)
17 November 1954   Sovereign Order of Malta – Lieutenant Grand Master Fra' Antonio Hercolani Fava Simonetti (1951–1955)
6 December 1954   France – President René Coty (1954–1959)
12 February 1955   El Salvador – President Óscar Osorio (1950–1956)
Date Recipient
11 May 1955   Italy – Former President Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955)
21 October 1955   Ethiopia – Emperor Haile Selassie (1930–1974)
16 January 1956   Brazil – President Juscelino Kubitschek (1956–1961)
5 June 1956   Italy – Former President Enrico De Nicola (1946–1948)
20 September 1956   Liberia – President William Tubman (1944–1971)
15 November 1956   Peru – President Manuel Prado Ugarteche (1939–1945; 1956–1962)
18 January 1957   Costa Rica – President José Figueres Ferrer (1948–1949; 1953–1958; 1970–1974)
6 March 1957   Order of Malta – Lieutenant Grand Master Fra' Ernesto Paternò Castello di Carcaci (1955–1962)
11 March 1957   Ireland — President Seán T. O'Kelly (1945–1959)
13 May 1957   Turkey – President Celal Bayar (1950–1960)
11 June 1957   Panama – President Ernesto de la Guardia (1956–1960)
26 August 1957   Iran – Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (1941–1979)
1 October 1957   El Salvador – President José María Lemus (1956–1960)
9 May 1958   United Kingdom – Queen Elizabeth II (1952–2022)
16 June 1959   France – President Charles De Gaulle (1959–1969)
11 June 1960   Argentina – President Arturo Frondizi (1958–1962)
8 September 1960   Finland – President Urho Kaleva Kekkonen (1956–1982)
22 September 1960   Thailand – King Bhumibol Adulyadej (1946–2016)
29 November 1960   Uruguay – President Benito Nardone (1960–1961)
6 April 1961   Uruguay – President Eduardo Víctor Haedo (1961–1962)
Date Recipient
25 May 1962   Tunisia – President Habib Bourguiba (1957–1987)
2 October 1962   Senegal – President Léopold Sédar Senghor (1960–1980)
8 October 1962   Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Angelo de Mojana di Cologna (1962–1988)
27 November 1962   Greece – Crown Prince Constantine
25 September 1963   Ghana – President Kwame Nkrumah (1960–1966)
2 October 1963   Somalia – President Aden Adde (1960–1967)
20 April 1964   Denmark – King Frederik IX (1947–1972)
18 June 1964   Uruguay – President Luis Giannattasio (1964–1965)
Date Recipient
16 June 1965   Peru – President Fernando Belaúnde Terry (1963–1968; 1980–1985)
20 June 1965   Mexico – President Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (1964–1970)
21 June 1965   Norway – King Olav V (1957–1991)
2 July 1965   Chile – President Eduardo Frei Montalva (1964–1970)
8 August 1965   Germany – President Heinrich Lübke (1959–1969)
8 September 1965   Venezuela – President Raúl Leoni (1964–1969)
  Argentina – President Arturo Umberto Illia (1963–1966)
  Brazil – President Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco (1964–1967)
21 October 1965   Poland – Chairman of the Council of State Edward Ochab (1964–1968)
11 June 1966   Belgium – King Baudouin (1951–1993)
14 June 1966   Sweden – King Gustaf VI Adolf (1950–1973)
28 November 1966   El Salvador – President Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (1962–1967)
8 August 1969   Ivory Coast – President Félix Houphouët-Boigny (1960–1993)
2 October 1969   Yugoslavia – President Josip Broz Tito (1953–1980)
Date Recipient
30 December 1971   Austria – President Franz Jonas (1965–1974)
23 November 1972   Indonesia – President Suharto (1968–1998)
21 March 1973   Germany – President Gustav Heinemann (1969–1974)
8 May 1973   Zaire – President Mobutu Sese Seko (1965–1997)
21 May 1973   Romania – President of the State Council Nicolae Ceaușescu (1967–1989)
8 June 1973   Saudi Arabia – King Faisal (1964–1975)
1 October 1973   France – President Georges Pompidou (1969–1974)
23 October 1973   Netherlands – Queen Juliana (1948–1980)
  Netherlands – Prince Bernhard (1948–1980)
26 October 1973   Luxembourg – Grand Duke Jean (1964–2000)
21 November 1973   Gabon – President Omar Bongo (1967–2009)
8 February 1974   Mexico – President Luis Echeverría (1970–1976)
22 April 1974   Oman – Sultan Qaboos bin Said al Said (1970–2020)
15 December 1974   Iran – Prince Reza Pahlavi
  Iran – Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi (1961–1979)
6 April 1976   – President Anwar Sadat (1970–1981)
17 November 1976   – President Carlos Andrés Pérez (1974–1979; 1989–1993)
8 November 1977   Denmark – Queen Margrethe II (1972–2024)
29 April 1978   Turkey – President Fahri Koruturk (1973–1980)
Date Recipient
18 September 1979   Germany – President Karl Carstens (1979–1984)
14 May 1980   Portugal – President António Ramalho Eanes (1976–1986)
26 May 1980   Spain – King Juan Carlos I (1975–2014)
18 November 1980   Greece – President Konstantinos Karamanlis (1980–1985; 1990–1995)
17 December 1980   Yugoslavia – President Cvijetin Mijatović (1980–1981)
30 March 1981   Mexico – President José López Portillo (1976–1982)
  Costa Rica – President Rodrigo Carazo Odio (1978–1982)
1 April 1981   Colombia – President Julio César Turbay Ayala (1978–1982)
14 October 1981   Mozambique – President Samora Machel (1975–1986)
30 January 1982   Egypt – President Hosni Moubarak (1981–2011)
9 March 1982   Japan – Emperor Hirohito (1926–1989)
5 July 1982   France – President François Mitterrand (1981–1995)
26 November 1983   Jordan – King Hussein (1952–1999)
20 June 1984   Costa Rica – President Luis Alberto Monge (1982–1986)
11 March 1985   Argentina – President Raúl Alfonsín (1983–1989)
27 March 1985   Netherlands – Queen Beatrix (1980–2013)
  Netherlands – Prince Claus (1980–2002)
Date Recipient
24 April 1986   Germany – President Richard von Weizsäcker (1984–1994)
25 July 1986   Ireland – President Patrick John Hillery (1976–1990)
5 October 1987   Iceland – President Vigdís Finnbogadóttir (1980–1996)
6 June 1988   Venezuela – President Jaime Lusinchi (1984–1989)
16 June 1988   Philippines – President Corazon Aquino (1986–1992)
5 April 1989   Portugal – President Mario Soares (1986–1996)
12 May 1989   Poland – President Wojciech Jaruzelski (1989–1990)
22 May 1990   Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Andrew Bertie (1988–2008)
11 June 1990   San Marino – Captain Regent Ottaviano Rossi (1990)
  San Marino – Captain Regent Aldemiro Bartolini (1990)
8 April 1991   Sweden – King Carl XVI Gustav (1973–incumbent)
17 April 1991   Chile – President Patricio Aylwin (1990–1994)
15 July 1991   Hungary – President Árpád Göncz (1990–2000)
18 September 1991   Malta – President Censu Tabone (1989–1994)
19 December 1991   Russia – President Boris Yeltsin (1991–1999)
28 April 1992   Italy – President Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992) self-awarded
Date Recipient
5 October 1992   Argentina – President Carlos Menem (1989–1999)
27 January 1993   Austria – President Thomas Klestil (1992–2004)
14 September 1993   Finland – President Mauno Koivisto (1982–1994)
3 May 1995   Ukraine – President Leonid Kuchma (1994–2005)
24 June 1995   Brazil – President Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995–2002)
29 June 1995   Venezuela – President Rafael Caldera (1994–1999)
19 July 1995   Chile – President Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle (1994–2000)
21 July 1995   Uruguay – President Julio María Sanguinetti (1985–1990; 1995–2000)
16 November 1995   Malta – President Ugo Mifsud Bonnici (1994–1999)
26 March 1996   Mexico – President Ernesto Zedillo (1994–2000)
23 April 1996   Albania – President Sali Berisha (1992–1997)
28 May 1996   Poland – President Aleksander Kwaśniewski (1995–2005)
7 October 1996   Turkey – President Süleyman Demirel (1993–2000)
28 January 1997   Finland – President Martti Ahtisaari (1994–2000)
20 April 1997   Germany – President Roman Herzog (1994–1999)
2 May 1997   Uzbekistan – President Islam Karimov (1991–2016)
4 May 1997   Kazakhstan – President Nursultan Nazarbayev (1990–2019)
20 May 1997   Lithuania – President Algirdas Brazauskas (1992–1998)
21 May 1997   Latvia – President Guntis Ulmanis (1993–1999)
22 May 1997   Estonia – President Lennart Meri (1992–2001)
19 July 1997   Saudi Arabia – King Fahd (1982–2005)
5 November 1997   Lebanon – President Elias Hrawi (1989–1998)
13 November 1997   Slovakia – President Michal Kovac (1993–1998)
3 March 1998   San Marino – Captain Regent Marino Zanotti (1998)
  San Marino – Captain Regent Luigi Mazza (1998)
12 April 1998   Japan – Emperor Akihito (1989–2019)
12 May 1998   Belgium – King Albert II (1993–2013)
19 January 1999   Dominican Republic – President Leonel Fernández (1996–2000; 2008–2012)
19 February 1999   Palestine – President Yasser Arafat (1994–2004)
23 February 1999   Lithuania – President Valdas Adamkus (1998–2003; 2004–2009)
Date Recipient
21 October 1999   France – President Jacques Chirac (1995–2007)
15 November 1999   Algeria – President Abdelaziz Bouteflika (1999–2019)
2 March 2000   South Korea – President Kim Dae-Jung (1998–2003)
3 March 2000   Chile – President Ricardo Lagos (2000–2006)
11 April 2000   Morocco – King Mohammed VI (1999–incumbent)
26 April 2000   Qatar – Emir Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani (1995–2013)
23 January 2001   Greece – President Konstantinos Stephanopoulos (1995–2005)
9 February 2001   Jordan – King Abdullah II (1999–incumbent)
7 March 2001   Argentina – President Fernando de la Rúa (1999–2001)
  Uruguay – President Jorge Batlle (2000–2005)
19 October 2001   Norway – King Harald V (1991–incumbent)
27 November 2001   Portugal – President Jorge Sampaio (1996–2006)
14 January 2002   Serbia and Montenegro – President Vojislav Koštunica (2000–2003)
6 March 2002   South Africa – President Thabo Mbeki (1999–2008)
11 March 2002   San Marino – Captain Regent Gino Giovagnoli (2002)
  San Marino – Captain Regent Alberto Cecchetti (2002)
22 March 2002   Germany – President Johannes Rau (1999–2004)
27 March 2002   Czech Republic – President Vaclav Havel (1993–2003)
17 June 2002   Hungary – President Ferenc Mádl (2000–2005)
28 June 2002   Slovakia – President Rudolf Schuster (1999–2004)
4 December 2002   Peru – President Alejandro Toledo (2001–2006)
14 March 2003   Luxembourg – Grand Duke Henri (2000–incumbent)
9 June 2003   Malaysia – King Sirajuddin of Perlis (2001–2006)
16 January 2004   Malta – President Guido de Marco (1999–2004)
8 April 2004   Latvia – President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga (1999–2007)
  Estonia – President Arnold Rüütel (2001–2006)
5 April 2005   Bulgaria – President Georgi Parvanov (2002–2012)
11 May 2005   Malta – President Edward Fenech Adami (2004–2009)
12 December 2005   Monaco – Albert II, Prince of Monaco (2005–incumbent)
18 January 2006   Greece – President Karolos Papoulias (2005–2015)
15 March 2006   Germany – President Horst Köhler (2004–2010)
Date Recipient
11 October 2006   Ghana – President John Agyekum Kufour (2001–2009)[6]
20 February 2007   Slovakia – President Ivan Gašparovič (2004–2014)[7]
8 June 2007   Austria – President Heinz Fischer (2004–2016)[8]
9 October 2007   Chile – President Michelle Bachelet (2006–2010; 2014–2018)[9]
30 October 2007   Saudi Arabia – King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz al Saud (2005–2015)[10]
1 September 2008   Finland – President Tarja Halonen (2000–2012)[11]
14 October 2008   Lebanon – President Michel Suleiman (2008–2014)[12]
27 October 2008   Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master Fra' Matthew Festing (2008–2017)[13]
2 September 2009   South Korea – President Lee Myung-bak (2008–2013)[14]
30 October 2009   Turkey – President Abdullah Gül (2007–2014)[15]
11 March 2010   Syria – President Bashar Al-Assad (2000–incumbent)[16]
Revoked by the President of the Republic on 28 September 2012 for "indignity"[17]
25 April 2010   Malta – President George Abela (2009–2014)[18]
26 April 2010   Kuwait – Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah (2006–2020)[19]
11 January 2011   Slovenia – President Danilo Türk (2007–2012)[20]
6 July 2011   Croatia – President Ivo Josipović (2010–2015)[21]
7 September 2011   Romania – President Traian Băsescu (2004–2014)[22]
10 June 2012   Poland – President Bronisław Komorowski (2010–2015)[23]
15 November 2012   France – President François Hollande (2012–2017)[24]
20 February 2013   Germany – President Joachim Gauck (2012–2017)[25]
4 March 2014   Albania – President Bujar Nishani (2012–2017)[26]
5 May 2014   Slovenia – President Borut Pahor (2012–2022)[27]
4 June 2014   San Marino – Captain Regent Luca Beccari (2014)
  San Marino – Captain Regent Valeria Ciavatta (2014)[28][29]
Date Recipient
23 November 2015   Greece – President Prokopis Pavlopoulos (2015–2020)[30]
11 March 2016   Cameroon – President Paul Biya (1982–incumbent)[31]
30 May 2016   Romania – President Klaus Iohannis (2014–incumbent)[32]
21 June 2016   Mexico – President Enrique Peña Nieto (2012–2018)[33]
4 August 2016   Bulgaria – President Rosen Plevneliev (2012–2017)[34]
23 January 2017   Tunisia – President Beji Caid Essebsi (2014–2019)[35]
2 May 2017   Argentina – President Mauricio Macri (2015–2019)[36]
19 June 2017   Netherlands – King Willem-Alexander (2013–incumbent)[37]
7 September 2017   Malta – President Marie Louise Coleiro Preca (2014–2019)[38]
18 September 2017   Finland – President Sauli Niinistö (2012–2024)[39]
29 November 2017   Portugal – President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa (2016–incumbent)[40]
5 June 2018   Estonia – President Kersti Kaljulaid (2016–2021)[41]
22 June 2018   Lithuania – President Dalia Grybauskaitė (2009–2019)[42]
26 June 2018   Latvia – President Raimonds Vējonis (2015–2019)[43]
12 July 2018   Azerbaijan – President Ilham Aliyev (2003–incumbent)[44]
25 July 2018   Armenia – President Armen Sarkissian (2018–2022)[45]
27 June 2019   Austria – President Alexander Van der Bellen (2017–incumbent)[46]
17 September 2019   Germany – President Frank-Walter Steinmeier (2017–incumbent)[47]
6 October 2020   Greece – President Katerina Sakellaropoulou (2020–incumbent)[48]
16 June 2021   San Marino – Captain Regent Marco Nicolini (2021)
  San Marino – Captain Regent Gian Carlo Venturini (2021)[49][50]
1 July 2021   France – President Emmanuel Macron (2017–incumbent)[51]
25 October 2021   Spain – King Felipe VI (2014–incumbent)[52]
  Belgium – King Philippe (2013–incumbent)[53]
3 November 2021   Algeria – President Abdelmadjid Tebboune (2019–incumbent)[54]
1 June 2022   Georgia – President Salome Zourabichvili (2018–incumbent)[55]
12 January 2023   Paraguay – President Mario Abdo Benítez (2018–2023)[56]
13 April 2023   Poland – President Andrzej Duda (2015–incumbent)[57]
19 May 2023   Angola – President João Lourenço (2017–incumbent)[58]
5 June 2023   Iraq – President Abdul Latif Rashid (2022–incumbent)[59]
7 October 2023   South Korea – President Yoon Suk Yeol (2022–incumbent)[60]
21 November 2023   Order of Malta – Prince and Grand Master John Timothy Dunlap (2023–incumbent)[61]
6 December 2023   San Marino – Captain Regent Filippo Tamagnini (2023–2024)
  San Marino – Captain Regent Gaetano Troina (2023–2024)[62]
26 February 2024   Cyprus – President Nikos Christodoulides (2023–incumbent)[63]
18 March 2024   Malta – President George William Vella (2019–2024)[64]
10 April 2024   Bulgaria – President Rumen Radev (2017–incumbent)[65]
21 October 2024   Qatar – Emir Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani (2013-incumbent)[66]

Wearer's guide

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  •  
    Wearer's guide for each grade (1951–2001)
  •  
    Wearer's guide for each grade (since 2001)
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  •  
    Comparison of the pre-2001 (at left) and the post-2001 (at right) badges of the Order
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    All grades of the Order (pre-2001)
  •  
    Five grades of the Order
  •  
    The pre-2001 grades of the Order
  •  
    Knight, Officer, Commander, Grand Officer and Grand Cross grades
  •  
    Knights and Officer Classes of the Order
  •  
    Knight 5th Class and Officer 4th Class grades
  •  
    Sets of the Knight and Officer classes
  •  
    Commander 3rd Class of the Order
  •  
    Commander set in case
  •  
    3rd Class set of the Order
  •  
    Bestowal document of a Grand Officer grade with the insignia
  •  
    Grand Officer set of insignia with the bestowal document
  •  
    Grand Cross set of insignia
  •  
    The Grand Cross grade of the Order in case of issue
  •  
    Collar of the Order (pre-2001)

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Today, these continue merely as dynastic orders of the former Royal House of Savoy. Whilst their bestowal is suppressed by law in Italy, the continued use of those decorations conferred prior to 1951 is permitted, exclusive of any right of precedence in official ceremonies.[3]

References

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  1. ^ Sainty, Guy Stair. World Orders of Knighthood and Merit (pp. 1233–4). Buckingham: Burke's Peerage and Gentry, 2006.
  2. ^ The linguist: Journal of the Institute of Linguists, Volumes 42–44 Institute of Linguists (Great Britain). Institute of Linguists, 2003, pg. 121
  3. ^ LEGGE 3 marzo 1951, n. 178 Istituzione dell'Ordine "Al Merito della Repubblica Italiana" e disciplina del conferimento e dell'uso delle onorificenze (Gazzetta Ufficiale 30 marzo 1951, n. 73)
  4. ^ By Decree of the President of the Republic No. 173 of 30 March 2001
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". President of Italy.
  6. ^ Italian Presidency website, KUFUOR John Agyekum Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  7. ^ Italian Presidency website, GASPAROVIC Ivan Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  8. ^ Italian Presidency website, FISCHER Heinz Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  9. ^ Italian Presidency website, BACHELET JERIA Verónica Michelle decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  10. ^ Italian Presidency website, BIN ABDUL AZIZ AL SAUD Abdallah decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  11. ^ Italian Presidency website, HALONEN Tarja Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  12. ^ Italian Presidency website, SLEIMAN Michel Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  13. ^ Italian Presidency website, FESTING Matthew Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  14. ^ Italian Presidency website, LEE Myung-bak Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  15. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Abdullah Gul – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  16. ^ Italian Presidency website, Al-Assad S.E. Bashar Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  17. ^ ATTO CAMERA INTERROGAZIONE A RISPOSTA SCRITTA 4/17085 Banchedati.camera.it (in Italian)
  18. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. George Abela – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  19. ^ Italian Presidency website, AL-AHMAD AL-JABER AL-SABAH Sabah Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  20. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Danilo Türk – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  21. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Ivo Josipovic – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  22. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Traian Basescu – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  23. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Bronislaw Komorowski – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  24. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. François Hollande – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  25. ^ Italian Presidency website, Gauck S.E. Joachim – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  26. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.E. Bujar Nishani – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  27. ^ Italian Presidency website, Pahor S.E. Borut – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  28. ^ Italian Presidency website, Beccari S.E. Luca – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  29. ^ Italian Presidency website, Ciavatta S.E. Valeria – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  30. ^ "Le onorificenze della Repubblica Italiana". quirinale.it.
  31. ^ Italian Presidency website, Biya S.E. Paul – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  32. ^ Italian Presidency website, Iohannis S.E. Klaus Werner – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  33. ^ Italian Presidency website, Peña Nieto S.E. Enrique – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  34. ^ Italian Presidency website, Plevneliev S.E. Rosen – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  35. ^ Italian Presidency website, Essebsi S.E. Sig. Béji Caïd – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  36. ^ Italian Presidency website, Macri S.E. Mauricio – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  37. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Willem Alexander Claus George van Oranje-Nassau – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  38. ^ Italian Presidency website,Coleiro Preca S.E. Marie-Louise – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  39. ^ Italian Presidency website,Niinistö S.E. Sauli – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  40. ^ Italian Presidency website,S.E. Marcelo Nuno Duarte – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  41. ^ Italian Presidency website,Kalijulaid S.E. la Signora Kersti Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  42. ^ Italian Presidency website,Grybauskaitè Sig.ra Dalia Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  43. ^ Italian Presidency website,Vejonis S.E. Sig. Raimonds Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  44. ^ Italian Presidency website,Aliyev S.E. Ilham Heydar Oglu Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  45. ^ Italian Presidency website,Sarkissian S.E. Sig. Armen Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  46. ^ Italian Presidency website,Van der Bellen S.E. Sig. Alexander Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  47. ^ Italian Presidency website,Steinmeier S.E. Frank-Walter – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  48. ^ Italian Presidency website,Sakellaropoulou S.E. Katerina – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  49. ^ Italian Presidency website, Nicolini S.E. Marco – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  50. ^ Italian Presidency website, Venturini S.E. Gian Carlo – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  51. ^ Italian Presidency website, Macron S.E.Emmanuel – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  52. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Felipe VI Re di Spagna – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  53. ^ Italian Presidency website, S.M. Filippo Re dei Belgi – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  54. ^ Italian Presidency website, Tebboune S.E. Abdelmadjid – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  55. ^ Italian Presidency website, Zourabichvili S.E. Salome – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  56. ^ Italian Presidency website, Benítez S.E. Mario Abdo – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  57. ^ Italian Presidency website, Duda S.E. Andrzej – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  58. ^ Italian Presidency website, Lourenço S.E. João – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  59. ^ Italian Presidency website, Rashid S.E. Abdul Latif – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  60. ^ https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/102025#&gid=1&pid=11/ [bare URL]
  61. ^ Italian Presidency website, DUNLAP John Timothy Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  62. ^ https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/103615#&gid=1&pid=7/ [bare URL]
  63. ^ "Photo Gallery - Pio".
  64. ^ Italian Presidency website,VELLA S.E. George William – Decorato di Gran Cordone – Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana
  65. ^ https://www.quirinale.it/elementi/110838#&gid=1&pid=2/ [bare URL]
  66. ^ https://x.com/AmiriDiwan/status/1848464879759265989/photo/3/
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