Operation Muharram (Persian: عملیات محرم) was a series of four Iranian operations[4][5][6] in Amara area which failed to penetrate deep into Iraq[7] and only had small gains.[8] It was conducted during the Iran–Iraq War by the command of Hasan Bagheri. Iraq managed to repulse Iranian offensives in the direction of Al-Amarah.[9]
| Operation Muharram | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Iran–Iraq War[1][2] | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
 Iran |
 Iraq | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
4,000 killed 70 tanks and 40 artillery pieces lost[3] |
3,000 killed 3,500 captured[3] | ||||||
It was started on 1 November 1982 at 22:08 o'clock with the code of "La-Hawla wa La-Qowwatah Ela Bellah; Ya Zeinab-Kobra (S)". The goal of this operation was "liberation of Iran's occupied lands in the vicinity of frontier mountains of Jabal-al-Hamrain in the south of Dehloran and the region which was between Fakkeh till Dehloran city.[10]
Operation Muharram is known as one of exterritorial operations of Iran, too; because, advance in the territory of Iraq was planned as well as liberation plan of Iran's occupied lands. Operational area of Muharram was limited from the east to Doyrej river, and from the west to the frontier highlands of Jabal-al-Hamrain and Jabal-al-Fuqi. The operation was regarded as the continuation of Operation Fath ol-Mobin that could complete its goals by winning in that.[11]
Iranian newspapers claimed that at the end of Operation Muharram, Iran succeeded to free the highlands 400/298, Bayat oil territory, Anbar river, Chamsari police station, Musian[12] and other returns,[13] among freeing 550 kilometers of Iran's lands,[14][15][16] capturing 2,350 Iraqis, and 6000 Iraqis were killed/injured; plus other casualties to Iraqi Army.[17][18]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ The operation Muharram iribnews.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ َAmaliyat (operation) Muharram ashoora.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ a b c d Razoux, Pierre (2015). The Iran-Iraq War. Harvard University Press, 2015. p. 237. ISBN 978-0674915718.
- ^ The start of operation Muharram asriran.com Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Operation Muharram tasnimnews.com Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Remembrance of operation Muharram aviny.com Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Schroeer, Dietrich; Karsh, Efraim; Freedman, Lawrence; Sabin, Philip A. G.; King, Ralph; Brody, Richard I.; Gottemoeller, Rose Eilene; Durch, William J. (1987). Strategic Defence in the Nuclear Age. International Institute for Strategic Studies. p. 71. ISBN 978-0-86079-113-3.
- ^ McNab, Chris (2022-01-20). Armies of the Iran–Iraq War 1980–88. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-4728-4555-9.
- ^ Hume, Cameron R. (1994-05-22). The United Nations, Iran, and Iraq: How Peacemaking Changed. Indiana University Press. p. 46. ISBN 978-0-253-32874-8.
- ^ The narration of Operation Muharram mashreghnews.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Muharram Operation askquran.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Operation Muharram isna.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Amaliyat (operation) Muharram fatehan.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Narration of the victory in Operation Muharram yjc.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ The operation Muharram iribnews.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ َAmaliyat (operation) Muharram ashoora.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ (The Operation) Muharram defamoghaddas.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
- ^ Operation Muharram bagheri.ir Retrieved 7 July 2018
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