Nina Mary Benita Douglas-Hamilton, Duchess of Hamilton (née Nina Mary Benita Poore; 13 May 1878 – 12 January 1951) was a Scottish peeress of English birth and animal welfare activist. She campaigned for humane slaughter.[1][2]
The Duchess of Hamilton | |
|---|---|
 Photograph of the Duchess of Hamilton from the Library of Congress | |
| Born | Nina Mary Benita Poore 13 May 1878 Nether Wallop, Hampshire, England |
| Died | 12 January 1951 (aged 72) |
| Spouse | |
| Children | Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton Lady Jean Douglas-Hamilton George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk Lady Margaret Douglas-Hamilton Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton Lord David Douglas-Hamilton Lady Mairi Nina Douglas-Hamilton |
| Parent(s) | Major Robert Poore Juliana Benita Lowry-Corry |
Early life
edit
Douglas-Hamilton was born on 13 May 1878 in Nether Wallop, Hampshire. She was the youngest daughter[3] of Major Robert Poore and Juliana Benita Lowry-Corry; her mother was a daughter of Rear Admiral Armar Lowry Corry.[4]
Personal life
editThree years after her brother, Major Robert Poore, married Flora Douglas-Hamilton, on 4 December 1901 Nina married Flora's brother Alfred Douglas-Hamilton, 13th Duke of Hamilton, at the parish church of Newton Tony, Wiltshire, not far from her parents' home at Winterslow.[3] Together, they were the parents of four sons and three daughters:
- Douglas Douglas-Hamilton, 14th Duke of Hamilton
- Lady Jean Douglas-Hamilton
- George Douglas-Hamilton, 10th Earl of Selkirk
- Lady Margaret Douglas-Hamilton
- Lord Malcolm Douglas-Hamilton
- Lord David Douglas-Hamilton
- Lady Mairi Nina Douglas-Hamilton
Douglas-Hamilton was very proud of her father's work in helping agricultural labourers at Winterslow and was philanthropic towards the group, but kept her gifts secret from all but the recipients. Another gift was sufficient to completely equip and furnish a home for nurses at Bo'ness, West Lothian.[4]
She was a member of the Spiritualists' National Union.[5]
Animal welfare
editDuchess of Hamilton was a co-founder in 1906 of the Animal Defence and Anti-Vivisection Society, with Lizzy Lind af Hageby, a society which set up three veterinary hospitals for horses during World War I, and campaigned against cruelty to animals including the use of animals in war.[6][4] In 1912, she became a founder of the Scottish Society for the Prevention of Vivisection, which went on to become Advocates for Animals.[6] She also established Ferne Animal Sanctuary, at Ferne House in Dorset, the estate she and her husband owned.[7] She compiled an illustrated book related to the sanctuary called Chronicles of Ferne, published in 1951.[4] At the beginning of the Second World War she opposed pet-culling that was being encouraged by civil defence authorities, that led to what became known as the "British pet massacre" in 1939 and 1940, and caused her to shelter many cats at Ferne.[8]
Douglas-Hamilton was an advocate of humane slaughter. She campaigned for "human killers" and opposed the use of the knife and poleaxe in the slaughterhouse.[2] In 1925, it was reported that she had witnessed 52 animals being slaughtered in a single afternoon in pursuance of the statutory use of the humane killer.[9]
Douglas-Hamilton was chief promoter of the Animal Defence Society's "Model Humane Abattoir", established in Letchworth in 1928. The humane abattoir received many donations.[10] On creation of the humane abattoir, Douglas-Hamilton commented that "in a civilized country, a slaughterhouse need not be a place of horror, into which animals are driven by kicks and tail-twistings. We ask for mercy to animals, for decency, for cleanliness, and, above all a swift and painless death".[11] Douglas-Hamilton was a vegetarian in her personal life but in 1928 became the head of a humane butcher's shop.[12] In 1931, she stated that "we should ask for the first step to needful reform. This is the use in every slaughterhouse of the mechanically operated humane killer, through which death is made swift and painless".[2]
In May 1950, she opened a maternity home for cats at her Dorset home, where she looked after 40 cats that were mostly strays.[13] In June 1950, she attended an international animal welfare conference at Genova.[14] She was a member of the Council of Justice to Animals (Humane Slaughter Association).[15]
Death
editDouglas-Hamilton refused to be operated on for a throat condition due to her opinions on medical research, and when the condition worsened, she refused antibiotics. The condition led to her death on 12 January 1951, at her London house. The funeral service was held in Salisbury Cathedral and the burial was at Berwick St John, near Shaftesbury.[4]
Legacy
editA Princess Coronation Class steam locomotive was named after her, which is on static display at the National Railway Museum, York. The Duchess Nina Institute in the village of Quarter, near Hamilton, Scotland, was a gift to the villagers by the Duke and Duchess of Hamilton and was formally opened on 24 September 1910.
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ "A Temple of Justice: Model Abattoir at Letchworth". Beds and Herts Pictorial and Tuesday Telegraph. 15 December 1925. p. 11. (subscription required)
- ^ a b c "Slaughter Houses A Disgrace". The Daily Mirror. 23 July 1931. p. 7. (subscription required)
- ^ a b "Court Circular". The Times. No. 36630. London. 5 December 1901. col a, p. 6. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Wynne-Tyson, Jon (2004). "Hamilton, Nina Mary Benita Douglas- [née Nina Mary Benita Poore], duchess of Hamilton and Brandon (1878–1951), animal welfare activist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/47021. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Animals' Friend Dead". The Evening News. 13 January 1951. p. 2. (subscription required)
- ^ a b Rappaport, Helen (2001). Encyclopedia of Women Social Reformers. Santa Barbara, Calif. &c.: ABC-CLIO. p. 393. ISBN 9781576071014. Retrieved 2 August 2023 – via books.google.com.
- ^ McSmith, Andy (12 June 1999). "Press dynasty is coming home from exile to a '£6m' mansion". The Guardian. Retrieved 2 August 2023.
- ^ Feeney-Hart, Alison (12 October 2013). "The little-told story of the massive WWII pet cull". BBC News. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
- ^ "Humane Slaughter". The Southwark and Bermondsey Recorder and South London Gazette. 7 August 1925. p. 7. (subscription required)
- ^ "Will you help to build the Model Abattoir at Letchworth?". The Daily News. 19 December 1925. p. 6. (subscription required)
- ^ "Clergyman to Bless an Abattoir". Daily Express. 8 December 1925. (subscription required)
- ^ "Duchess as Butcher". The Falkirk Herald. 8 August 1928. (subscription required)
- ^ "Duchess was Animals' Friend". Hartlepool Mail. 13 January 1951. p. 2. (subscription required)
- ^ "Nina, Duchess of Hamilton: Death of Animal Welfare Pioneer". The Scotsman. 13 January 1951. p. 6. (subscription required)
- ^ Kean, Hilda (1998). Animal Rights: Political and Social Change in Britain Since 1800. Reaktion Books. p. 131. ISBN 1-86189-014-1.
External links
edit- The Duchess Nina Institute – Hamilton Observer, 1 October 1910
- Marek, Miroslav. "hamilton/hamilton20.html". Genealogy.EU.