Sir Nicholas Bagenal or Bagenall (/ˈbæɡnəl/; c. 1509 - February 1591) was an English soldier and politician who became Marshal of the Army in Ireland during the Tudor era.[1][2]
Sir Nicholas Bagenal | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by unknown artist | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | c. 1509 Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, England |
| Died | February 1591 (aged 81–82) Newry, Ireland |
| Spouse | Eleanor Griffith |
| Children | Sir Henry Bagenal, Dudley Bagenal, Ambrose, Frances, Mary, Margaret, Isabel, Anne Sarsfield, Mabel Bagenal |
| Parent(s) | John Bagenall, Eleanor Whittingham |
Early life
editNicholas Bagenal was born around 1509.[a] He was the second son of John Bagenal (died 1558), a tailor who served as Mayor of Newcastle-under-Lyme, by his wife Eleanor Whittingham of Middlewich, Cheshire.[4][3] Eleanor was a second cousin of William Whittingham, Dean of Durham. Nicholas's elder brother, Sir Ralph Bagenal, was a courtier of Henry VIII.[4]
In 1538, Nicholas fled to Ireland to escape justice for killing a man in the Staffordshire village of Leek; his two brothers were apparently also involved in this crime. In Ireland, he became acquainted with Con O'Neill, 1st Earl of Tyrone and on 7 December 1542 the Irish council, at the suit of Tyrone, begged the King to pardon Bagenal. Bagenal returned to England in April 1544 and took part in the campaign in France in the following summer.[5][6][7]
The Bagenals had family links with the Irish government through Sir Patrick Barnewall, who was the Master of the Rolls in Ireland and married to Anne Luttrell, a cousin of Nicholas. This connection may help to explain how Nicholas was recommended for military service in France in 1544. His descendants gave their name to Bagenalstown in County Carlow. During the Colonial wars, his whole family were involved in the undertaking of land in Ireland. The Barnewall connection continued: Bagenal's daughter Mary married Barnewall's nephew, the younger Patrick.
Career
editIn March 1547, Bagenal was appointed Marshal of the Army in Ireland by Edward VI.[8] His salary was £73 a year.[9] In November 1551 he was sent by James Croft to expel the Scots who had invaded Dufferin. He was knighted in the same year,[3] and on 22 April 1552, was granted the lands of St. Patrick's and Saint Benedict and St. Mary's Abbey, of Newry and the Cistercian abbey of Carlingford, County Louth. When Mary I’s accession took place, Bagenal lost his office of marshal, which she conferred on Sir George Stanley. Accordingly, with this change on 7 May 1556, he was fined a thousand pounds. In 1559, he was elected to Parliament as member for Newcastle-under-Lyme.
When Queen Elizabeth I of England succeeded to the throne on her sister's passing, Sir George Stanley was asked to continue as marshal in Ireland and on 23 April 1562, Bagenal wrote to the Queen complaining that his lands brought him in nothing, owing to the depredations of Shane O'Neill. Bagenal was reduced to the role of a Captain until Sir Nicholas Arnold's recommendations induced the Queen to reappoint him marshal in 1565, with Sir Henry Sidney as deputy. Bagenal's patent was dated 5 October 1565, but he had scarcely taken up the office when, early in 1566, he entered into an agreement to sell it and his lands to Sir Thomas Stukley who was a close friend of the Pope. The Queen was unhappy with the arrangement and insisted he remain marshal.[5] In May 1577 Sir Nicholas was also appointed chief commissioner of Ulster, with his son Henry Bagenal, born 1556 in Carlingford, as his assistant.
He was involved in some military disasters, such as a defeat at Glenmalure on 25 August 1580 when Arthur Grey, 14th Baron Grey de Wilton led the troops (with Bagenal one of the commanders of the rear) into battle with Fiach McHugh O'Byrne and Viscount Baltinglass in the Wicklow mountain passes. In 1584, Bagenal was colonel of the garrison at Carrickfergus when 1,300 of Sorley Boy MacDonnell's Scots landed on Rathlin Island. Bagenal attacked but was ambushed at Glenarm and had to retreat.
On 26 August 1583 his son, now Sir Henry Bagenal, obtained the reversion of the post of marshal and acted as his father's deputy. Sir Nicholas was appointed chief commissioner on 6 July 1584 for the government of Ulster, and in April 1585 he was returned to the Irish Parliament as member for County Down.[5]
In January 1586 Sir John Perrot complained that Nicholas Bagenal was too old to perform his duties as marshal; a feud between Bagenal and Perrot lasted until the lord deputy was recalled. On one occasion (15 July 1587) there was an affray between the two in Perrot's house, where they were both drinking heavily. Bagenal was pushed to the ground after lunging out at Perrot. On 20 October 1590 Bagenal resigned the office of marshal asking for the post to be conferred on his son, Sir Henry.
Death and legacy
editSir Nicholas died at Newry Castle,[10] and was buried on 7 February 1591.[3] It is more than likely the case that he died in the Green Castle where he lived with his son Henry (State Papers). He is presumed buried in the tower of Saint Patrick's church, which he is alleged to have built in 1578.[citation needed]
His son Henry was killed during the greatest defeat the English suffered in Ireland at the Battle of Yellow Ford on 14 August 1598.[11]
Family
editSir Nicholas married Eleanor Griffith, daughter of Sir Edward Griffith of Penrhyn,[5] and had at least nine children. According to the Dictionary of Irish Biography, they had eleven children.[12]
| Name | Birth | Death | Spouse | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Henry | c. 1556, England[13] or Carlingford | 14 August 1598, County Armagh[13] | Eleanor Savage (married 1586)[13] | |
| Dudley | 1554[citation needed] | March 1587, County Carlow[14] | Katherine Nagle[15]
Mabel Fitzgerald[15] |
|
| Mary | 1609[15] | Patrick Barnewall (married 1582)[16] | ||
| Anne | Dudley Loftus[17][3] | |||
| Ambrose | Died without issue[15] | |||
| Frances | Oliver Plunkett, 4th Baron Louth[15] | |||
| Margaret | Christopher Plunkett[15] | |||
| Isabel | Edward Kynaston[15] | |||
| Mabel | c. 1571, Newry[12] | December 1595, Newry[19][20] | Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone (married 1591)[12] | Died without issue[12] |
Henry succeeded his father as Marshal, played a leading part in the Nine Years War, and was killed in action against his brother-in-law Tyrone at the Battle of the Yellow Ford in 1589 in County Armagh.
Dudley became a major landowner in County Carlow; he was the ancestor of the Bagenal family of Bagenalstown. He was killed in a skirmish with the local Kavanagh family.
Mabel eloped with Hugh O'Neill, 2nd Earl of Tyrone; she became one of the most romantic figures in Irish history, being described as "the Helen of Troy of the Elizabethan Wars". Mabel and her sister Mary Barnewall are major characters in the play Making History by Brian Friel; their father and brother Henry are frequently referred to but do not appear on stage.
The landowner and politician Nicholas Bagenal, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Anglesey and Custos Rotulorum of Anglesey, lived 1629 to 1712, was the grandson of Sir Henry.
Recent information has allowed for the correct date of the Marshall's death, this being Feb 1591.
There are two additional daughters found in "A Family Tapestry" by Eva Plewman Appleton. This is the History of the Phepoe, Bagnall, Rothwell and Plewman families. Their names are Ursula and Jane Bagnall. There is no marriage or children information beyond this.
References
editNotes
editCitations
edit- ^ McCullagh, John (10 April 2021). "Nicholas Bagenal 1509-1590". Newry Journal. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ a b Tumilty, Dympna (18 September 2023). "The Bagenal influence on Newry". Newry.ie. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f Hawkins, Richard (October 2009). "Bagenal (Bagnal(l)), Sir Nicholas". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ a b Pollard 1901, p. 96.
- ^ a b c d Pollard 1901.
- ^ "Nicholas Bagenal". NMD Museums. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ McGinty, Matthew, The Development and Dynamics of the Relationship between Hugh O’Neill and Red Hugh O’Donnell, pp. 1–69
- ^ Froggatt, Richard. "Sir Nicholas Bagenal (1510 - 1591)". Dictionary of Ulster Biography. Retrieved 23 July 2024.
- ^ Bagenal 1915, p. 9.
- ^ Bagenal 1915, p. 24.
- ^ McGurk, J. J. N (2004). "Bagenal, Sir Henry (c.1556–1598)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1034. Retrieved 17 August 2007. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b c d Clarke, Aidan; Barry, Judy; O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). "Bagenal (O'Neill), Mabel". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.3318/dib.006953.v1. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024.
- ^ a b c Hawkins, Richard (October 2009). "Bagenal (Bagnal(l)), Sir Henry". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.000304.v1. Retrieved 24 July 2024.
- ^ Mahoney 1976, p. 367.
- ^ a b c d e f g Montgomery-Massingberd, Hugh. Burke’s Irish Family Records. London, U.K.: Burkes Peerage Ltd, 1976. page 45
- ^ Barry, Judy (October 2009). "Barnewall, Sir Patrick". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.000389.v1. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
- ^ Ó Siochrú, Micheál (October 2009). "Sarsfield, Dominick". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.007923.v1. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- ^ Ó Siochrú, Micheál (October 2009). "Sarsfield, Dominick". Dictionary of Irish Biography. doi:10.3318/dib.007923.v1. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 8 December 2024.
- ^ Clarke, Aidan; Barry, Judy; O'Byrne, Emmett (October 2009). McGuire, James; Quinn, James (eds.). "Bagenal (O'Neill), Mabel". Dictionary of Irish Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.3318/dib.006953.v1. Archived from the original on 21 February 2024.
- ^ Casway 2016, p. 73.
Sources
edit- Bagenal, Philip H. (1915). "Sir Nicholas Bagenal, Knight-Marshal". The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland. 5 (1). Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland: 5–26. ISSN 0035-9106. JSTOR 25514389.
- Casway, Jerrold (2016). "Catherine Magennis and the Wives of Hugh O'Neill". Seanchas Ardmhacha: Journal of the Armagh Diocesan Historical Society. 26 (1): 69–79. JSTOR 48568219.
- Mahoney, Edward P, ed. (1976). Philosophy and humanism : Renaissance essays in honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller. Internet Archive. New York : Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-03904-8.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Pollard, Albert Frederick (1901). "Bagnal, Nicholas". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography (1st supplement). Vol. I. London: Smith, Elder & Co.- Bagenal, Philip H. (1925). Vicissitudes of an Anglo-Irish Family 1530-1800: A Story of Irish Romance and Tragedy. London: Clement Ingleby, At the Sign of the Boar's Head.
External links
edit- https://web.archive.org/web/20130624033452/http://newryabbey.com/
- Bagenal's Castle
- Nicholas Bagenal 1509–1591
- Bagnall Village website – similarly detailed biographic