The National Movement (Polish: Ruch Narodowy, Polish pronunciation: [rux na.rɔˈdɔ.vɨ], RN) is a Polish far-right ultranationalist political party. It is led by Krzysztof Bosak. It claims spiritual descendance from the prewar movement of Roman Dmowski, the National Democracy, which was also commonly called the National Movement.
National Movement Ruch Narodowy | |
|---|---|
_logo.svg){kind=logo} | |
| President | Krzysztof Bosak |
| Vice Presidents | Anna Bryłka, Krzysztof Tuduj, Michał Wawer |
| Founded | 11 November 2012 (as an organization) 10 December 2014 (as a political party) |
| Registered | 11 February 2015 28 February 2018 (again) |
| Dissolved | 16 January 2017 |
| Headquarters | ul. Stanisława Noakowskiego 10/12, 00-666 Warsaw |
| Ideology | Ultranationalism National conservatism Hard Euroscepticism Militarism Economic nationalism |
| Political position | Far-right |
| Religion | Catholic Church |
| National affiliation | Confederation Liberty and Independence |
| European affiliation | Patriots.eu |
| European Parliament group | Patriots for Europe |
| Sejm | 7 / 460 |
| Senate | 0 / 100 |
| European Parliament | 2 / 53 |
| Regional assemblies | 0 / 552 |
It was founded in 2012 as an organization, and in 2014 it was registered as a political party. It is a part of the Confederation Liberty and Independence, and it currently has seven members in the Sejm.[1] It is a far-right political party and it is orientated towards socially conservative and militarist stances.
National Congress Meetings
editThe First Congress of the National Movement took place on 8 June 2013 in Warsaw. Guest of honor at the congress was Rafał Ziemkiewicz. Representatives of the groups co-create the movement and signed the declaration of ideological National Movement.
The Second Congress of the National Movement took place on 3 May 2014 in Warsaw. Honorary guests of the congress were Leszek Zebrowski, Stanisław Michalkiewicz and Márton Gyöngyösi of the Hungarian Jobbik.[2] Also the guest list included the party's other international allies: Roberto Fiore of Forza Nuova (Italian: New Force)', and the leaders of the Spanish Democracia Nacional. The congress passed the following demands of the program:[3]
- merging of income tax and social insurance contributions into one
- elimination of pay-for-all social security system
- "Citizen Retirement Programme" (providing a flat-rate pension, independent of earlier earnings and hours of work)
- tax-free sum granted for each child in the family
- reduction of income tax levied on micro, small and medium-sized businesses
- restoration of turnover tax in lieu of corporate income tax
- the establishment of a constitutional debt which limits public finances
- full transparency of public finances (including contracts and salaries in the public sector)
- modernization of the Polish Armed Forces
- the introduction of a universal territorial defence unit and a watchtower in every borough
- widen the access to weapons
- ensure the constitution guarantees national ownership of Polish land
- denunciation of the Treaty of Lisbon and replace it with a "Sovereignty Treaty"
- termination of the energy-climate agreements and the European Fiscal Compact
- promotion of Polish history in the world (including the fight against the term "Polish concentration camps")
- public combat of the so-called "ideology of gender"
- striving for energy independence (support for the extraction of shale gas and nuclear power plants)
Ideology
editThe National Movement is positioned on the far-right on the political spectrum.[4] It has been described as an ultranationalist,[5][6][7] Polish nationalist,[8][9] and national-conservative party.[10] It is explicitly socially conservative,[11] and it has militarist tendencies.[12] It has also expressed hard Eurosceptic sentiment.[13][14][15]
Program
editAs adopted in the January 2013 declaration of ideology, the decision-making council of the National Movement has indicated its three main components: identity (nation, family, people), sovereignty (the state, culture, economy) and freedom (of speech, management, people); identified the awareness and commitment of the young generation of Poles as the strength of the National Movement and pledged to work on the transformation of the homeland, emphasized the idea of the nation, understood as a cultural community formed by generations.[16] National Movement advocates fight for the sovereignty of the country, to repair the political and economic state and defending the freedom of its citizens, as well as the realisation in the sphere of culture and politics of traditional values.[17] The purpose of the Movement is a fundamental social change – the so-called "Overthrow of the republic of the Round Table". It declares itself as a social movement which is a network of community initiatives for state sovereignty and national identity.
The progress of civilisation, which was to take place in Poland thanks to EU funds, is treated as a partial compensation for the losses that Poland suffered in connection with the unilateral opening of the market in the pre-accession period, while Polish banking sector depends on foreign capital.[18]
Economy
editThe outline of the economic program was presented by Krzysztof Bosak during the second congress of the Movement. According to the RN, it is possible to combine a wide range of economic freedoms with constructive approach to the state, furnished on the basis of the principles of thrift and subsidiarity.[19] The establishment of the Institute for National Strategy, will bring together experts and work out a modern program for the National Movement.
The movement is opposed to the introduction of the euro in Poland.
Foreign policy
editThe National Movement is a eurosceptic grouping.
In a joint statement with the Hungarian Jobbik on the situation in Ukraine, they have indicated a desire to deepen cooperation between the two groups. They announced the Polish-Hungarian exchange of lists of candidates for election to the European Parliament in 2014 (which ultimately did not happen).[20] Hungarian and Polish nationalists believe that national governments devote national interests in favour of eurofederalism. In this particular case, both national movements called together the national authorities of their countries for political and diplomatic efforts to protect the endangered rights of national minorities in Ukraine due to the revolutionary mood in the east, including promoting the symbolism and characters associated with the Ukrainian ethnic chauvinism that in the context of historical experience violently celebrated national minorities in these lands.[clarification needed]
The National Movement initially wanted to improve relations with Russia, considering it as a superpower and claiming that it was not a threat to Poland on any level, as well as supporting the reconstruction of commercial relations with Russia. It also believed that the presence of allied NATO and American troops is "the reverse of allied support, which strengthens Poland's dependence and dependability in its defense capabilities". It instead proposed to work with Russia and China as an antidote to the influence of the United States and Germany, calling it a "multi-vector policy".[21]
However, following critical Russian remarks regarding Polish conduct during the Second World War, the National Movement's stance has become more negative towards Russia.[22] The party has disavowed the pro-Russian stance of its political ally Janusz Korwin-Mikke[23] and condemned the Russian annexation of Crimea.[24] The party has suggested Russia was coordinating with Israel, which has expressed similar criticisms of Polish conduct during the Second World War.[25] Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Bosak called for banning Russia from SWIFT and stopping visas for Russian nationals.[26] Winnicki has described Russia as an "existential threat to Polish interests".[27] The party's vice-president, Anna Bryłka, has described Russia and Belarus as engaged in a "hybrid war" against Poland,[28] and has stated the party is opposed to Nord Stream 2 and restoration of diplomatic relations with Russia.[29]
LGBT rights
editThe party opposes same sex rights and pro-LGBT marches, and its leaders have described homosexuality as "a disease", frequently arranging counter demonstrations.[30][31][32]
Participation in elections
editElections to the European Parliament in 2014
editThe National Movement announced their desire to take part in the elections to the European Parliament on 7 January 2014 which were to be held in the same year. The movement's policies for these elections were: Building a "Europe of Homelands" through annulling the Lisbon Treaty, furthering the anti-gender campaign, promoting Polish historical policy at the EU level, striving for the rights of Poles abroad (especially in Lithuania), withdrawal from the climate package, and promoting Polish mining and coal-based energy. The National Movement fielded candidates in all constituencies.[33] In the elections 98,626 people voted for the National Movement, which gave it 1.4% of the vote (ninth place overall).[34]
Senate by-elections in 2014
editIn the by-election to district No. 47 of the Senate on 7 September 2014, the candidate of the National Movement, Krzysztof Bosak, received 6.42% of votes, which placed him in third place out of six candidates.[35]
Presidential elections in 2015
editIn the Polish presidential election in 2015, the party fielded a candidate, Marian Kowalski, a columnist and bodybuilder. He was eliminated in the first-round with only 77,630 votes, a 0.52% share.[36][37]
Parliamentary elections 2015
editIn the 2015 parliamentary election, the RN cooperated with Kukiz'15, whose five of 42 seats were held by National Movement members.[38] In April 2016 National Movement management decided to leave Kukiz's movement, but only one MP followed party instruction. Those who stayed in Kukiz'15 formed association "National Democracy" (Endecja) along with a few other Kukiz'15 MPs.[39]
Elections to the European Parliament in 2019
editIn 2019, the National Movement has created an anti-European Union coalition called Konfederacja Korwin Liroy Braun Narodowcy.[40] The coalition got 621,188 votes (4.55%).
Parliamentary elections 2019
editFor the 2019 elections, the National Movement continued to be part of the Confederation and the coalition was one of only five electoral committees with candidates in all electoral districts. This time they made it into the Sejm with 6.81% of the vote. The coalition got 11 MPs, of which five belong to the National Movement.
Presidential elections in 2020
editFor the Polish presidential election in 2020, the Confederation had a primary. Vice-chairman Krzysztof Bosak ran in the primary as the candidate for the National Movement.[41] He won the primary and was nominated by the Confederation on 18 January.[42]
Election results
editPresidential
edit| Election | Candidate | 1st round | 2nd round | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| # of overall votes | % of overall vote | # of overall votes | % of overall vote | ||
| 2015 | Marian Kowalski | 77,630 | 0.52 (#9) | ||
| 2020 | Krzysztof Bosak | 1,317,380 | 6.78 (#4) | ||
Sejm
edit| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | Change | Government |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | Robert Winnicki | 1,339,094 | 8.8(#3) | 3 / 460
|
New | PiS |
| As part of Kukiz'15, that won 42 seats in total. | ||||||
| 2019 | Robert Winnicki | 1,256,953 | 6.8 (#5) | 5 / 460
|
 2
|
PiS |
| As part of the Confederation coalition, that won 11 seats in total. | ||||||
| 2023 | Krzysztof Bosak | 1,547,364 | 7.2 (#5) | 6 / 460
|
1
|
KO–PL2050–KP–NL |
| As part of the Confederation coalition, that won 18 seats in total. | ||||||
European Parliament
edit| Election | Leader | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | EP Group |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2014 | Robert Winnicki | 98,626 | 1.47 (#9) | 0 / 52
|
New | – |
| 2019 | Robert Winnicki | 621,188 | 4.55 (#4) | 0 / 52
|
New | – |
| As part of the Confederation coalition, that didn't win any seat. | ||||||
| 2024 | Krzysztof Bosak | 1,420,287 | 12.08 (#3) | 2 / 53
|
2
|
PfE |
| As part of the Confederation coalition, that won 6 seats in total. | ||||||
References
edit- ^ Rogacin, Kacper (27 February 2019). "Konfederacja KORWiN, Liroy, Braun, Narodowcy. Zaprezentowano nazwę i logo. Znamy szczegóły". Portal I.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 6 May 2019.
- ^ ""Będziemy ich prześladować w PE" – II Kongres Ruchu Narodowego". Archived from the original on 11 November 2014.
- ^ "Kontakt – narodowcy2014.pl". Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^
- Kampania parlamentarna 2019 roku. Piotr Borowiec, Adrian Tyszkiewicz, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego (Wydanie I ed.). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. 2021. p. 41. ISBN 978-83-233-5009-5. OCLC 1292368623. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - "How some Polish far-right nationalists went from setting their hopes on Trump to rallying against him". Washington Post. 13 May 2019. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- Shotter, James; Huber, Evon (25 November 2017). "Rise of Polish far-right sparks alarm". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- Lipinski, Lukasz (27 February 2014). "No political fuel for Poland's far-right". EUobserver. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- Davies, Christian (9 November 2018). "Fears of violence as Polish state intervenes in nationalist march". the Guardian. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- Kampania parlamentarna 2019 roku. Piotr Borowiec, Adrian Tyszkiewicz, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego (Wydanie I ed.). Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. 2021. p. 41. ISBN 978-83-233-5009-5. OCLC 1292368623. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ Boreczky, Chance (30 September 2019). "Kaczyński's Mazurka". bpr.berkeley.edu. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ Hume, Tim (27 January 2021). "Pregnant Woman's Death Linked to Poland's Near-Total Abortion Ban". vice.com. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ Cohen, Ben (31 January 2018). "Polish Interior Minister Issues Last-Minute Ban on Neo-Fascist Show of Force Outside Israeli Embassy in Warsaw". algemeiner.com. The Algemeiner. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ Kossakowski, Radosław; Besta, Tomasz (November 2018). "Football, Conservative Values, and a Feeling of Oneness with the Group: A Study of Polish Football Fandom". East European Politics and Societies: And Cultures. 32 (4): 16. doi:10.1177/0888325418756991. ISSN 0888-3254. S2CID 149395472. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ "Uniform for a Patriot". investigace.eu. 18 January 2019. Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ Henningsen, Bernd; Etzold, Tobias; Hanne, Krister, eds. (15 September 2017). The Baltic Sea Region: A Comprehensive Guide: History, Politics, Culture and Economy of a European Role Model. Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag. p. 352. ISBN 978-3-8305-1727-6. Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 2 December 2019.
- ^ Gwiazda, Anna (16 December 2021). "Gender Ideologies and Polish Political Parties". Government and Opposition. 58 (4): 641–660. doi:10.1017/gov.2021.57. ISSN 0017-257X. S2CID 245314268.
- ^ Szwed-Walczak, Anna (July 2017). Koncepcja militaryzacji narodu w publicystyce i programie Ruchu Narodowego (in Polish). Lublin. ISBN 9788322790229.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Badowski, Rafał (8 September 2018). "Festiwal nienawiści na Marszu Równości w Katowicach. Niewyobrażalne zachowanie narodowców". Natemat.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Marsz Równości w Częstochowie. "Homopropaganda nie dotrze na Jasną Górę"". Dorzeczy.pl. 8 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ Pietraszewski, Marcin (8 September 2018). "Radosny Marsz Równości przeszedł przez Katowice. Narodowcy: Przyjechali, nie wyjadą!". katowice.wyborcza.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 20 January 2022. Retrieved 20 January 2022.
- ^ "narodowcy2014.pl – Deklaracja Ideowa". narodowcy2014.pl. Archived from the original on 20 October 2014.
- ^ "RUCH NARODOWY". Mw.org.pl. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Narodowcy2014.pl – Krzysztof Bosak o gospodarce w TVP Warszawa". Archived from the original on 1 May 2015. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Wystąpienie Krzysztofa Bosaka na Kongresie Ruchu Narodowego – Ruch Narodowy". Ruchnarodowy.org. Archived from the original on 1 April 2016. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "Polscy narodowcy idą z Jobbikiem do UE". Wyborcza.pl. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Program Ruchu Narodowego" (PDF). pp. 21–28. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2018. Retrieved 21 June 2019.
- ^ "Robert Winnicki z Konfederacji wie, jak wykiwać Władimira Putina. "Musimy być jak Żydzi. Musimy być sprytni" [VIDEO]". 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 8 April 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Narodowcy krytycznie o wypowiedziach Korwin-Mikkego". 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Zapomniałby o kłamstwach? Bosak spotkałby się z Putinem". Archived from the original on 4 August 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Bosak: Politykom PiS umykały bliskie stosunki Rosji z Izraelem". 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
- ^ "Krzysztof Bosak: Należy powstrzymać przyznawanie wiz Rosjanom". Archived from the original on 28 June 2024. Retrieved 30 May 2022.
- ^ "Kongres Ruchu Narodowego. Partia zapowiada ofensywę". Media Narodowe. 11 June 2022. Archived from the original on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 20 January 2023.
- ^ "Rzeczniczka Konfederacji o Wagnerowcach: Białoruś i Rosja wypowiedziały nam wojnę hybrydową". WNET. 29 June 2023.
- ^ ""Nie zgadzam się programowo". Europosłanka Konfederacji o AfD". polsatnews.pl. 29 July 2024.
- ^ "Festiwal nienawiści na Marszu Równości w Katowicach. Niewyobrażalne zachowanie narodowców". Natemat.pl. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Marsz Równości w Częstochowie. "Homopropaganda nie dotrze na Jasną Górę"". Dorzeczy.pl. 8 July 2018. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Wyborcza.pl". Katowice.wyborcza.pl. Archived from the original on 7 June 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza – Komitet Wyborczy Wyborców Ruch Narodowy". Pe2014.pkw.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 14 April 2014. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza – Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza". Archive.is. Archived from the original on 24 August 2014.
- ^ "PKW – PKW". Senat47.pkw.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza" (PDF). Prezydent2015.pkw.gov.pl. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 May 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza" (PDF). Prezydent2015.pkw.gov.pl. Archived (PDF) from the original on 29 August 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Posłowie Ruchu Narodowego w Sejmie". Ruchnarodowy.net. 27 October 2015. Archived from the original on 28 March 2019. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
- ^ "Powsta?o Stowarzyszenie Endecja z udzia?em pos??w Kukiza – Kukiz'15 – rp.pl". Archived from the original on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
- ^ Białczyk, oprac Piotr (25 April 2019). "Wybory do Parlamentu Europejskiego 2019. Konfederacja ma nowego szefa". wiadomosci.wp.pl (in Polish). Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 26 April 2019.
- ^ "Krzysztof Bosak - Kandydat na urząd Prezydenta RP". Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2019.
- ^ "Krzysztof Bosak kandydatem Konfederacji na prezydenta Polski, pokonał Grzegorza Brauna | Wiadomości Radio ZET". 18 January 2020. Archived from the original on 19 September 2020. Retrieved 18 January 2020.
Sources
edit- Tokarz, Grzegorz (2002). Ruch narodowy w Polsce w latach 1989–1997. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego