The National Liberation Front of Provence (French: Front de libération national de la Provence; Occitan: Front de Liberacion Nacionala de Provença; FLNP) is a militant nationalist group that advocates an independent state of Provence and secession from France.
| National Liberation Front of Provence | |
|---|---|
| Front de Liberacion Nacionala de Provença | |
 | |
| Dates of operation | c. 2012 to date |
| Active regions | Bouches-du-Rhône Mostly Var, France |
| Ideology | Provençal nationalism |
| Opponents |  Government of France |
The group became active in 2012. The following year it commenced graffiti and bombing campaigns. The first four bomb attacks occurred in the department of Var; three bombs failed to detonate and were subsequently defused, while one exploded. The group's next attack took place in 2014 in the department of Bouches-du-Rhône. There were no further major incidents until 2017; the group appeared to concentrate on a campaign of racist graffiti in Var. As a result of its clandestine nature, and the group's lack of public pronouncements, media outlets have described the FLNP as a "mysterious" organisation. The French Government has stated that it takes the group's activities seriously.
History
editBombing campaign
editIn 2012 the National Liberation Front of Provence announced their presence with a graffiti tag in the department of Var.[1] Violence started the next year. On 21 January 2013, a bomb was discovered outside an estate agency in Garéoult, Var. The estate agency was immediately evacuated and the bomb was soon defused. Leaflets left at the site claimed independence for Provence, and criticised the French Government and real estate speculators who allegedly prevented the Provencal people having access to their own land.[2] Two months later, on 23 March, a homemade bomb exploded outside an estate agency in Sanary-sur-Mer, Var. The explosion caused only material damage, and was accompanied by graffiti tags at the scene proclaiming: "FLNP" and "Provença libra".[3][4] At the end of the month an unexploded bomb was found at a bank in the centre of Draguignan, in Var.[5] A fourth bomb was discovered[6] at 06:40 on 6 May 2013 in Draguignan, outside a branch of the BNP Paribas bank. A security zone was set up and the bomb was defused at 08:50 by a robot. Leaflets were found at the site, with the stating[7] "Osca FLNP Prouvenço",[5][7] translated as "Long live Provence".[5] The recently established security zone was removed.[7] Two weeks later an FLNP tag was found in Flayosc, also in Var. According to a police source the tag could be considered a warning.[8] The following year, the FLNP struck in the neighbouring department of Bouches-du-Rhône, with an attack on 22 January. At around 04:00 an improvised explosive device detonated at a tax office in Aix-en-Provence, causing only material damage.[5][9]
The FLNP's acts were considered significant by the French state and provoked wide media coverage. Because little is known about them; the media refer to the group as "mysterious".[8][10]
Post-violence
editAfter a short period of inactivity further FLNP tags appeared; not all these tags were claimed by the group.[8][10] On 9 December 2014, two suspects, a 35-year-old in Nice and a 43-year-old in Draguignan, were arrested by the anti-terror police on charges related to the tags and for being members of the FLNP.[11] Both men were released after 24 hours.[12]
After a further two years of inactivity, the group left racist tags in central Lorgues, again in Var. The tags stated "FLNP", "CFN",[a] "FN vote", and the racially obscene "Dehors les barbus nique leurs mères". The local mayor, Claude Alemagna, made a formal complaint regarding them to the police on 20 March 2017. The police claim they do not refer a priority of a popular structured group.[13]
Notes
editCitations
edit- ^ "Qui se cache derrière le Front de libération national de la Provence?" [Who is behind the National Liberation Front of Provence?]. La Chaîne Info (in French). 22 January 2014. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Explosif à Garéoult: des indépendantistes régionaux?" [Explosive in Garéoult: Regional Separatists?]. Var-Matin (in French). 21 January 2013. Archived from the original on 23 January 2013. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Explosion à Sanary : une agence immobilière prise pour cible" [Explosion in Sanary: A Real Estate Agency Targeted]. France 3 (in French). 24 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Front de Libération de la Provence: une agence immobilière de Sanary visée par un explosif" [Liberation Front of Provence: A Sanary Real Estate Agency Targeted by an Explosive]. Var-Martin (in French). 24 March 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b c d "Faible explosion devant un centre des impôts d'Aix-en-Provence" [Small Explosion in Front of an Aix-en-Provence Tax Centre]. Le Monde (in French). 22 January 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Qui se cache derrière le mystérieux FLNP?" [Who is Behind the Mysterious FLNP?]. Le Parsien (in French). 7 May 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "DIAPO. Une bombe du Front de libération de la Provence devant une banque à Draguignan" [SLIDE. A Provence Liberation Front bomb in front of a bank in Draguignan]. Var-Martin (in French). 6 May 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "Actions, revendications... que sait-on sur le Front de libération nationale de Provence?" [Actions, demands... what do we know about the National Liberation Front of Provence?]. Var-Matin (in French). 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 14 October 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Une bombe artisanale explose devant un centre des impôts à Aix-en-Provence" [A Homemade Bomb Explodes in Front of a Tax Centre in Aix-en-Provence]. France Info (in French). 22 January 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Le Front de Libération Nationale de la Provence FLNP s'affiche dans le Var" [The National Liberation Front of Provence FLNP is Displayed in the Var]. France 3 (in French). 4 November 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "Front de libération nationale de la Provence: deux hommes interpellés à Nice et Draguignan" [National Liberation Front of Provence: two men arrested in Nice and Draguignan]. Nice-Matin (in French). 9 December 2014. Archived from the original on 17 August 2015. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ "FLNP: les deux suspects remis en liberté" [FLNP: les deux suspects remis en liberté]. Var-Matin (in French). 10 December 2014. Retrieved 7 May 2020.
- ^ a b "Des tags racistes retrouvés aux abords du centre-ville de Lorgues" [Racist Tags Found near the Centre of Lorgues]. Var-Matin (in French). 21 March 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2020.