Natalia Vadimovna Molchanova (Russian: Наталья Вадимовна Молчанова; 8 May 1962 – 2 August 2015) was a Russian champion freediver, multiple world record holder, and the former president of the Russian Free Dive Federation. Described as "possibly the world’s greatest freediver," Molchanova set an unparalleled standard in the sport.[1] She believed, “Freediving is not only a sport, it is a way to understand who you are,” reflecting her deep connection to the sport. Throughout her career, she achieved 42 world records and earned 22 world championship medals, 19 of which were gold.[2]
 Natalia Molchanova at the 2009 Freediving World Championships | |
| Personal information | |
|---|---|
| Native name | Наталья Молчанова |
| Born | 8 May 1962 Ufa, Bashkortostan, Soviet Union |
| Children | 2 (including Alexey Molchanov) |
| Disappeared | 2 August 2015 (aged 53) Formentera, Spain |
| Sport | |
| Sport | Freediving |
| Club | Krokodil, Moscow |
Personal life
editMolchanova was born in 1962 in Ufa, Bashkortostan, then part of the Soviet Union.[3] Molchanova had a son Alexey and daughter Oksana.[4]
Molchanova's son is Russian freediving champion Alexey Molchanov.
On 2 August 2015, Molchanova vanished in Formentera while giving a private lesson.[4] Search efforts were abandoned on 5 August and she was presumed dead.[5]
Career
editBefore becoming known as "possibly the world's greatest freediver", Natalia Molchanova trained as a swimmer in her youth. After the birth of her two children she semi-retired for approximately 20 years. At the age of 40, she resumed training, transitioning from swimming to freediving. Her first freediving competition was the 2003 Russian championships in Moscow, where she set a national record.[3]
Even after her disappearance in 2015, Molchanova remains one of the world's most decorated freedivers, having set 42 world records—21 pool records and 21 open water—during her career. She also earned 22 world championship medals, including 19 golds. Her final STA world record of 9 minutes and 2 seconds is still not broken after 11 years (standpoint: 2024).[2] At the 2007 Freediving World Championships in Maribor, Slovenia, her winning time in the static discipline was better than the winning male gold medal.[6] In September 2009, she became the first woman to pass 100 meters (328 ft.) diving with constant weight, in a dive to 101 meters (331 ft.) in Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt.[7] Molchanova was also the first woman to dive on one breath through the Blue Hole arch in Dahab, Egypt.[8] Her record was a dive of 127 metres (417 ft.).[9]
Molchanova later also worked as a freediving instructor at the Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism.[3]
Disappearance
editOn 2 August 2015, Molchanova was reported missing after giving a private lesson dive near Formentera, Spain.[4] She went down to a depth of 40 metres (131 ft.), not as deep as normal; but, caught by a current, without weights, she is thought to have been taken down. She never came up for air. Initial rescue and recovery efforts were unsuccessful.[4] Search and rescue efforts continued for a few days, but she was eventually presumed dead by the search party, including her son, Alexey Molchanov.[4][10][11]
The Spanish Civil Code provides that a missing person by shipwreck or amid a dangerous activity shall be declared deceased in absentia three months after a missing report.[12]
See also
editWorld records
edit
| Apnea | Association | Record | Date | Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CNF | AIDA | 70 m | 15 May 2014 | Dahab (Egypt) |
| FIM | 91 m | 21 Sep 2013 | Kalamata (Greece) | |
| CNF | 69 m | 16 Sep 2013 | Kalamata (Greece) | |
| STA | AIDA | 9:02" | 28 Jun 2013 | Belgrade (Serbia) |
| DYN | 234 m | 28 Jun 2013 | Belgrade (Serbia) | |
| DNF | 182 m | 27 Jun 2013 | Belgrade (Serbia) | |
| CNF | 68 m | 25 April 2013 | Dahab (Egypt) | |
| VWT | 127 m | 6 Jun 2012 | Sharm (Egypt) | |
| CNF | 66 m | 8 May 2012 | Dahab (Egypt) | |
| FIM | 88 m | 24 Sep 2011 | Kalamata (Greece) | |
| CWT | 101 m | 22 Sep 2011 | Kalamata (Greece) | |
| CWT | 100 m | 16 April 2011 | Blue Hole (Bahamas) | |
| VWT | 125 m | 16 June 2010 | Kalamata (Greece)[13] | |
| DYN | 225 m | 25 April 2010 | Moscow (Russia)[13] | |
| CNF | 62 m | 3 Dec 2009 | Blue Hole (Bahamas)[13] | |
| FIM | 90 m* | 27 Sep 2009 | Sharm (Egypt)[13] | |
| CWT | 101 m* | 25 Sep 2009 | Sharm (Egypt)[13] | |
| STA | 8:23" | 21 August 2009 | Aarhus (Denmark)[13] | |
| DNF | 160 m | 20 August 2009 | Aarhus (Denmark)[13] | |
| DYN | 214 m | 5 October 2008 | Lignano (Italy)[13] | |
| FIM | 85 m | 27 July 2008 | Crete (Greece)[13] | |
| CWT | 95 m | 25 July 2008 | Crete (Greece)[13] | |
| CNF | 60 m | 12 June 2008 | Dahab (Egypt)[13] | |
| FIM | 82 m | 10 June 2008 | Dahab (Egypt)[13] | |
| DNF | 149 m | 7 July 2007 | Maribor (Slovenia)[13] | |
| STA | 8:00" | 6 July 2007 | Maribor (Slovenia)[13] | |
| DYN | 205 m | 5 July 2007 | Maribor (Slovenia)[13] | |
| FIM | 80 m | 3 June 2006 | Dahab (Egypt)[13] | |
| DYN | 200 m | 23 April 2006 | Moscow (Russia)[13] | |
| STA | 7:30" | 22 April 2006 | Moscow (Russia)[13] | |
| DNF | 131 m | 20 December 2005 | Tokyo (Japan)[13] | |
| CNF | 55 m | 7 November 2005 | Dahab (Egypt)[13] | |
| FIM | 78 m | 5 November 2005 | Dahab (Egypt)[13] | |
| CWT | 86 m | 3 September 2005 | Villefranche (France)[13] | |
| DNF | 124 m | 25 August 2005 | Renens (Switzerland)[13] | |
| STA | 7:16" | 25 August 2005 | Renens (Switzerland)[13] | |
| DYN | 178 m | 25 August 2005 | Renens (Switzerland)[13] | |
| DYN | 172 m | 24 April 2005 | Moscow (Russia)[13] | |
| DNF | 108 m | 23 April 2005 | Moscow (Russia)[13] | |
| DYN | 155 m | 25 April 2004 | Moscow (Russia)[13][14] | |
| DYN | 150 m | 26 May 2003 | Limassol (Cyprus)[13] |
- Note 1: The two records from 2009, 101 m and 90 m, were repealed by the federation eight months after they had been set, due to the introduction of a new rule, which was then applied retroactively.
- Note 2: Freediving#Competitive apnea defines the various Apnea codes. Record distances are in metres; duration times in minutes and seconds.
Summary:
- STA - 9 min. 02 sec.
- DYN - 234 m
- DNF - 182 m
- CWT - 101 m
- CNF - 69 m
- FIM - 91 m
- VWT - 127 m
Clarification:
- STA = Static apnea. Holding the breath as long as possible.
- DYN = Dynamic apnea with fins. Diving as far as possible (horizontally) with the use of fins or a monofin.
- DNF = Dynamic apnea without fins. Diving as far as possible (horizontally) without fins.
- CWT = Constant weight with fins. Diving as deep as possible with the use of fins or a monofin.
- CNF = Constant weight without fins. Diving as deep as possible without fins.
- FIM = Free immersion. Diving as deep as possible by pulling down and up the rope.
- VWT = Variable weight apnea. Using a sled for descent, pulling back up along a line or swimming up with or without fins.
- NLT = No-limits apnea. Using a sled for descent, and an inflatable bag for ascent, or any other method or technique.
Personal bests
edit| Discipline | Result | Accreditation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Time | STA | 9:02 min | AIDA |
| Distance | DNF | 182 m | AIDA |
| DYN | 234 m | AIDA | |
| Depth | CNF | 70 m | AIDA |
| CWT | 101 m | AIDA | |
| FIM | 91 m | AIDA | |
| VWT | 127 m | AIDA | |
| NLT | |||
References
edit- ^ "Free-diving: Blue hole, black hole: A story of hubris and obsession". The Economist. 27 February 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016.
- ^ a b Zvaritch, Kristina (8 May 2024). "The Extraordinary Life of Natalia Molchanova". molchanovs. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
- ^ a b c Oksana Gredzheva. Чемпионка мира-2005 по фридайвингу Наталья МОЛЧАНОВА Archived 9 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine. free-diving.ru (interview in Russian)
- ^ a b c d e Skolnick, Adam (4 August 2015). "Free Diver Natalia Molchanova Descends for Fun, Then Vanishes". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ espnW news
- ^ "Natalia Molchanova: World's most successful free-diver missing and feared dead after disappearing in Mediterranean". The Independent. 4 August 2015. Archived from the original on 18 June 2022. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ "New World Record – Molchanova CWT 101m". Deeper Blue. 24 September 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ "Natalia Molchanova: Freewater diving champion missing presumed dead following practice session in Ibiza". Mirror. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ^ The Daily Telegraph, Friday 9 October 2015, Obituary [paper only], p.33
- ^ Skolnick, Adam (4 August 2015). "Champion diver is missing". The New York Times.
- ^ Wilkinson, Alec, The Disappearance of the World’s Greatest Free Diver, New Yorker, 8 August 2015
- ^ "Código Civil: Libro I: Título VIII". civil.udg.es. Archived from the original on 6 May 2020. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Natalia Molchanova. apneamania.com
- ^ McKie, N (2004). "Freediving in cyberspace". Journal of the South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society. 34: 101–3. Archived from the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 5 October 2013.
External links
edit
- Official website (in Russian and English)
- Current Freediving World Records at International Association for the Development of Freediving (AIDA)
- transom
.org /2017 /sound-as-the-protagonist / (in Russian and English)
- ^ Latour, Alexandre. "The Dark Side of Freediving: How Molchanovs Instructors Are Endangering Whales in Mauritius". Alexandre Latour. Retrieved 27 July 2024.