Myitkyina (Burmese: မြစ်ကြီးနားမြို့; MLCTS: mrac kri: na: mrui., pronounced [mjɪʔtɕíná]; (Eng; mitchinar) Jinghpaw: Myitkyina, [mjìtkjí̠ná]) is the capital city of Kachin State in Myanmar (Burma), located 1,480 kilometers (920 mi) from Yangon, and 785 kilometers (488 mi) from Mandalay [1]. In Burmese it means "near the big river", and Myitkyina is on the west bank of the Ayeyarwady River, just below 40 kilometers (25 mi) from Myit-son (Burmese for confluence) of its two headstreams (the Mali and N'mai rivers).[2] It is the northernmost river port and railway terminus in Myanmar.[3] The city is served by Myitkyina Airport.
Myitkyina
မြစ်ကြီးနားမြိူ့ Myitkyina Muklum | |
|---|---|
Capital Town | |
_-_panoramio_(1).jpg) | |
  Myitkyina Location in Myanmar (Burma) | |
| Coordinates: 25°23′12″N 97°23′38″E / 25.38667°N 97.39389°E | |
| Country |  Myanmar |
| Division |  Kachin State |
| District | Myitkyina District |
| Township | Myitkyina Township |
| Elevation | 472 ft (144 m) |
| Population (2014) | |
| • Urban | 210,949 |
| • Ethnicities | |
| • Religions | |
| Time zone | UTC+6.30 (MMT) |
| Area code | 74 |
| Climate | Am/Aw/Cwa |
| [1] | |
History
editMyitkyina has been an important trading town between China and Myanmar since ancient times.
American Baptist missionary George J. Geis and his wife arrived in Myitkyina in the late 1890s and in 1900 they requested permission to build a mansion in the town. The building was named Geis Memorial Church.[4] It is one of the Kachin Baptist Convention (KBC) churches in Myitkyina.
Japanese forces captured the town and nearby airbase during World War II in 1942. In August 1944, Myitkyina was recaptured by the Allied forces under General Joseph Stilwell after a prolonged siege and heavy fighting between Nationalist Chinese divisions, the Chindits, and Merrill's Marauders of the Northern Combat Area Command and the besieged elements of the 33rd Imperial Japanese Army under General Masaki Honda. The town was strategically important not only because of its rail and water links to the rest of Burma, but also because it was on the planned route of the Ledo Road.[2][5]
Climate
editMyitkyina has a borderline tropical monsoon climate (Köppen Am) bordering upon both a tropical savanna climate (Aw) and a humid subtropical climate (Cwa). Temperatures are very warm throughout the year, although the winter months from December to February are milder. There is a winter dry season from November to April and a summer wet season from May to October.
| Climate data for Myitkyina (1991–2020, extremes 2001-present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
38.0 (100.4) |
40.0 (104.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
40.5 (104.9) |
38.3 (100.9) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.4 (101.1) |
37.5 (99.5) |
33.3 (91.9) |
30.0 (86.0) |
41.8 (107.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 25.7 (78.3) |
28.1 (82.6) |
31.0 (87.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
31.5 (88.7) |
30.9 (87.6) |
32.0 (89.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
31.2 (88.2) |
28.9 (84.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
30.3 (86.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 18.2 (64.8) |
20.5 (68.9) |
23.7 (74.7) |
26.5 (79.7) |
27.8 (82.0) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
26.3 (79.3) |
22.5 (72.5) |
19.0 (66.2) |
24.7 (76.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.6 (51.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.4 (72.3) |
24.2 (75.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
24.6 (76.3) |
23.9 (75.0) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) |
8.0 (46.4) |
11.0 (51.8) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.2 (61.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
19.3 (66.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
7.0 (44.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 13.5 (0.53) |
18.5 (0.73) |
25.4 (1.00) |
49.0 (1.93) |
217.2 (8.55) |
554.8 (21.84) |
564.4 (22.22) |
442.5 (17.42) |
324.2 (12.76) |
170.2 (6.70) |
23.8 (0.94) |
6.8 (0.27) |
2,410.3 (94.89) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.0 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 6.4 | 14.1 | 22.5 | 24.8 | 20.9 | 15.8 | 10.4 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 127.2 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 68 | 64 | 64 | 72 | 83 | 89 | 87 | 85 | 83 | 79 | 78 | 77 |
| Source 1: World Meteorological Organization,[6] Norwegian Meteorological Institute (extremes 2001-2010)[7] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity 1963–1988)[8] | |||||||||||||
Air quality
editThe city residents dispose of the majority of their waste by burning it in small piles by the roadside. Most waste is disposed in this way, including plastics. Almost every block in the city has one small fire every evening. Burning usually starts late-afternoon, and by 6.00pm the city air is often quite smoky. Burning can start earlier at the weekend. The air quality in Myitkyina in the evenings can be poor, which can make being outside unpleasant. Sometimes, due to atmospheric pressure, the air will still be smoky in the morning. The only time of year that this does not happen is during the monsoon season, when it is reported that the air is fresh.
Population
edit
As the capital of the state, it has government offices, and a greater population than other cities in the state. The city has a population of approximately 150,000, with a mix of Kachin, Shan, Bamar, Burmese Gorkha and some Chinese and Indians.[9]
The Kachin language is the common language among the Kachin. Some people can speak English and Nepali while the town's people mostly speak in Burmese which is the national language of Myanmar.
Foreigners are now free to visit Myitkyina without prior government permission.
Religion
editMajor religions are Theravada Buddhism, Christianity (Roman Catholic and Baptist are major denominations), and other religions such as animism and Islam.
Economy
editMyitkyina is the business center of Kachin State, with many natural resources like jade, gold, amber and teak, as well as wood and agricultural products. As per government data, almost US$2 billion in jade were exported yearly in 2010 and 2011. Now, due to fighting between Kachin Independence Army rebels and the government, most businesses in the region have gone down.
Transportation
edit
Myitkyina Airport is the main airport serving the city. It connects the cities of Putao, Mandalay, Yangon and also Lashio on Mondays.
It takes almost 24 hours to travel between Mandalay and Myitkyina by train. Mandalay–Myitkyina Railway has been used for 100 years. This railway is a major means of transportation for both farmers and traders to deliver goods (before 2021 military coup). It also connects Laiza, Bhamo, China, and Sumprabum by car and can go to Mandalay, Yangon, Lashio, and Magwe By Bus Station.
The Myitkyina-Tanai-India road, also known as the Ledo Road, was constructed by the British.
Education
editThe city is home to Myitkyina University, a Christian theological seminary, a college for teachers, a training school for nurses, a college for the study of computers and other rare type of colleges affiliated with several seminaries in the United States and Asia, notably Kachin Theological College and Seminary(KTCS)-Nawng Nang. It is also home to the branch I.L.B.C. (International Language Business Center) a chain of private schools for English learners in the Myanmar. It has also many non-government institutions such as Naushawng development institute, Pinnya Tagar, Ningshawng and Kachinland School of Arts & Sciences,[10] which has a University vision in 2024.
- Computer University, Myitkyina
- Myitkyina University
- Myitkyina Education College
- Technological University, Myitkyina
Healthcare
editPublic hospitals
edit- Myitkyina General Hospital
- Myitkyina Narcotic Hospital
Military
edit- Northern SOC (HQ at Myitkyina)
- Nanpong / Nanpong Air Base headquarters (formerly 503 Air Base)
See also
edit
Notes
edit- ^ "National Telephone Area Codes". Myanmar Yellow Pages. Archived from the original on 2009-07-19.
- ^ a b "Myitkyina, Myanmar". Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
- ^ "Train travel in Myanmar (Burma)". seat61.com. Retrieved 2009-03-29.
- ^ Baptist missionary magazine, Volume 80. American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, American Baptist Missionary Union. 1900. p. 196.
- ^ Gardner, Major John J. "Battle of Myitkyina". Retrieved 2006-10-15.
- ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991–2020". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 16 October 2023.
- ^ "Myanmar Climate Report" (PDF). Norwegian Meteorological Institute. pp. 26–36. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2018. Retrieved 8 October 2018.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Myitkyina / Myanmar (Birma)" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 6 November 2018.
- ^ "MYITKYINA". my-myitkyina.com. Retrieved 2006-08-24.
- ^ "Kachinland School of Arts and Sciences – Truth, Leadership and Service". Archived from the original on 2019-09-13. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
External links
edit