Mthatha[3] (/əmˈtɑːtɑː/ əm-TAH-tah, Xhosa: [ḿ̩ˈtʰâːtʰà] ), alternatively rendered Umtata, is the main city of the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality in Eastern Cape province of South Africa and the capital of OR Tambo District Municipality. The city has an airport, previously known as the K. D. Matanzima Airport[4] after former leader Kaiser Matanzima. Mthatha derives its name from the nearby Mthatha River which was named after the sneezewood (umtati) trees, famous for their wood and medicinal properties.[5]
Mthatha
Umtata | |
|---|---|
 Mthatha's Small CBD | |
  Mthatha  Mthatha  Mthatha | |
| Coordinates: 31°35′19″S 28°47′24″E / 31.58861°S 28.79000°E | |
| Country | South Africa |
| Province | Eastern Cape |
| District | O.R. Tambo |
| Municipality | King Sabata Dalindyebo |
| Area | |
• Total | 91.45 km2 (35.31 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 698 m (2,290 ft) |
| Population (2011)[1] | |
• Total | 96,114 |
| • Density | 1,100/km2 (2,700/sq mi) |
| Racial makeup (2011) | |
| • Black African | 94.6% |
| • Coloured | 2.7% |
| • Indian/Asian | 1.2% |
| • White | 1.0% |
| • Other | 0.5% |
| First languages (2011) | |
| • Xhosa | 85.0% |
| • English | 8.6% |
| • Afrikaans | 1.1% |
| • Other | 5.2% |
| Time zone | UTC+2 (SAST) |
| Postal code (street) | 5099 |
| PO box | 5099 |
| Area code | 047 |
| Website | www |
History
edit
The settlement existed in the 1870s as a buffer-zone, in response to reported tensions between Mpondo and neighbouring Thembu groups, and in 1875 a magistrate's office was opened. The first magistrate, appointed that year, was a man named J F Boyes. The settlement developed during the next few years, becoming a military post for the British colonial forces in 1882. The town itself was founded in 1883, along the banks of the Mthatha River. Nearly a century later, the Mthatha Dam was constructed about eight kilometers upstream of the town.[6] Mthatha became the leading administrative centre of the area, having both Anglican and Catholic cathedrals. The town became the headquarters of the Transkeian Territories General Council (known as the Bunga), and the building which served as a parliament was erected in 1903.[5] This was followed by the construction of the town hall in 1908.[7] A branch of the University of Fort Hare was established in the town, and after the independence of the Transkei in 1977 it became the University of Transkei. In 2005, the University of Transkei with the Border Technikon and Eastern Cape Technikon were merged to form the Walter Sisulu University for Technology and Science. The campus was the base for the region's first community radio station, UCRFM, which started in 1996 and has become a significant community broadcaster.
On 1 August 1973, Mthatha High Court was opened.[5][8]
In 1973, a summit meeting of the black homeland leaders was held at Umtata, when they decided to federate their respective states after independence. In 1976, Transkei was granted independence as a bantustan, a nominally independent state not recognised outside South Africa. Mthatha served as the capital under the name "Umtata".[5] Under the Transkei regime, an airport named after the then ruler of Transkei KD Matanzima was built. On 21 May 2012, the airport was formally handed over to Lindiwe Sisulu, then Minister of Defence, by Noxolo Kiviet, then Premier of the Eastern Cape. However, the South African National Defence Force relinquished its control of the airport in 2013. The airport was renamed Mthatha Airport.
After the end of apartheid, some sections of the African business and professional community migrated to traditionally white areas of economic activity, and this has been widely cited as a cause of economic recession in the municipality, but a number of construction projects offer hope for renewal.
Many of South Africa's black leaders – including Walter Sisulu, Sabelo Phama, Bantu Holomisa and Nelson Mandela — come from this area, and the retired Nelson Rholihlahla Mandela lived in his home village of Qunu a few kilometres south of Mthatha.
Mthatha is a focal point of the Nelson Mandela Route which celebrates the life of Nelson Mandela. There are three Nelson Mandela Museums. Spread across three sites, they collect, interpret and exhibit key aspects of the story of the life and times of Nelson Mandela. The three historical sites of the museum are at Mvezo, Qunu and the Bunga Building in Mthatha. In the Bunga Building is the story of the Long Walk to Freedom and an exhibition of the many gifts received by Nelson Mandela.
On 2 March 2004, Umtata was renamed "Mthatha".
Business
editThis section may contain information not important or relevant to the article's subject. (May 2020) |
Mthatha has 2 major taxi businesses: Uncedo Taxi Association and Border Taxi Association. These associations had a feud over the R61 road from Mthatha to Libode and Port St. Johns. This feud resulted in taxi ranks being closed by the Government. Over 60 fatalities were reported during the period of the feud. In 2018, the Minister of Police Bheki Cele closed all taxi ranks in Mthatha and demanded that the taxi associations negotiate with the police and merge to form one association but they refused. As a result, some taxis were impounded by the police. Sagas ranks were opened in Mthatha but the ranks that were not opened triggered riots with people protesting and police firing rubber bullets and tear gas affecting a nearby school (St John's College). [9]
In 2019, two final year students, from the Walter Sisulu University developed affordable prosthetics. These students, Siphosethu Mgwili and Zanodumo Godlimpi, were awarded the first ever WSU vice-chancellor's award for most innovative prototype.[10]
Religion
editThe city is the episcopal see of both the Roman Catholic Diocese of Mthatha and the Anglican Diocese of Mthatha.
Economy
editMthatha falls under OR Tambo District Municipality which is the poorest district in the Eastern Cape by all poverty measures. It has the lowest HDI (0.45) and the highest poverty gap (2 231 million) in the Eastern Cape. The number of people living in poverty is also high in this district (64.6%), unemployment is at 65.5% and the literacy rate 42.2%.[11]
In 2006, it was reported the King Sabata Dalindyebo Local Municipality was owed R250 million by residents in unpaid service fees. It counts among its creditors the South African Revenue Service (to which it owes R18-million), the Public Investment Commission (R84 million), the national water affairs and forestry department (R46 million) and the Development Bank of Southern Africa (R13 million).[12] According to SA Delivery, The average annual income of a black Mthatha resident is R15,762.[13] The town has also been plagued by complaints about the state of its roads and the collapse of its utilities and infrastructure. It's widely reported that the general decline into dysfunction and societal fragility is caused by endemic political corruption, municipal incompetence and widespread criminality. Despite all that, a new dawn is beckoning for Mthatha with the construction of infrastructure like BT Ngebs Mall and Mayfair Hotel.
Facilities
editThe Sinawe Thuthuzela Care Centre, a rape crisis centre launched in 2001, sees between 60 and 120 patients a month, from up to 200 km (120 mi) away. It won an award for being "the best-run care centre in South Africa". Sinawe means "we are with you" in Xhosa.[14]
Notable people from Mthatha
editThis article's list of residents may not follow Wikipedia's verifiability policy. (May 2020) |
- Nelson Mandela
- King Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo "Aa! Zwelibanzi!", the King of the AbaThembu Kingdom.
- King Sabata Dalindyebo "Aa! Jonguhlanga!", the King of the AbaThembu Kingdom.
- Moneoa Moshesh
- Amanda Black
- Lwazi Mvovo
- Odwa Ndungane
- Stella Ndabeni-Abrahams
- Akona Ndungane
- Alan Barrow
- Bongani Mayosi
- Nkosinathi Mankayi
- Bubele Mhlana
- Carlo Del Fava
- Jeff Hawkes
- Jessica Haines
- Masibusane Zongo
- Ngazibini Sigwili
- Odwa Ndungane
- Sean Park
- Siya Mdaka
- Vusumuzi Masondo
- Sabelo Phama
- Nambitha Mpumlwana
- Zola Nombona
- Jet Novuka
- IFani
- Busiswa
- Black Coffee
- Athi-Patra Ruga
- Kaneez Surka
- Jerry Masslo
- Wendy Woods
- Zikhona Sodlaka
- Anele Mdoda
Climate
edit| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Record high °C (°F) | 42 (108) |
40 (104) |
40 (104) |
36 (97) |
34 (93) |
30 (86) |
30 (86) |
33 (91) |
44 (111) |
38 (100) |
41 (106) |
41 (106) |
44 (111) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27 (81) |
27 (81) |
26 (79) |
25 (77) |
23 (73) |
21 (70) |
21 (70) |
22 (72) |
23 (73) |
23 (73) |
25 (77) |
27 (81) |
24 (75) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 16 (61) |
16 (61) |
15 (59) |
12 (54) |
8 (46) |
4 (39) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
9 (48) |
11 (52) |
13 (55) |
15 (59) |
11 (52) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 9 (48) |
9 (48) |
7 (45) |
1 (34) |
−1 (30) |
−3 (27) |
−3 (27) |
−1 (30) |
1 (34) |
2 (36) |
4 (39) |
7 (45) |
−3 (27) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 87 (3.4) |
89 (3.5) |
83 (3.3) |
58 (2.3) |
18 (0.7) |
11 (0.4) |
18 (0.7) |
15 (0.6) |
35 (1.4) |
73 (2.9) |
75 (3.0) |
88 (3.5) |
650 (25.6) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1 mm) | 15 | 14 | 13 | 8 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | 13 | 13 | 14 | 113 |
| Source: South African Weather Service, 1961-1990[15] | |||||||||||||
Mthatha has a warm oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) closely bordering on both a humid subtropical climate (Cfa) and a semi-arid climate (BSh/BSk).
Mthatha is prone to severe thundersoms, some of which are tornadic in nature. Mthatha has been hit by several tornadoes between 1995 and 2023, the most recent being the EF3 tornado that damaged residential areas near the airport, including the airport itself.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "Main Place Mthatha". Census 2011.
- ^ "Mthatha". Encyclopedia Britannica. February 14, 2024. 5 December 2023.
- ^ Jenkins, Elwyn (2007), Falling into place: the story of modern South African place names, David Philip Publishers, p. 75
- ^ "K D Matanzima Airport". Archived from the original on 29 September 2007. Retrieved 29 May 2006.
- ^ a b c d "Umtata". South African Venues. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ Fatoki, OS, Muyima, NYO and Lujiza, M (October 2001). "Situation analysis of water quality in the Umtata River catchment". Water SA. 27 (4). doi:10.4314/wsa.v27i4.4959.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Umtata South Africa". Britannica. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ "A High Court is established in Umtata, capital of the Transkei". South African History Online. Retrieved 28 July 2017.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "E Cape in name change spotlight". News24. 27 October 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2016.
- ^ "Walter Sisulu University students' groundbreaking inventions to save amputees millions". rnews.co.za. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
- ^ "Mthatha". Olive Leaf Foundation. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ Mgibisa, Mbuyisa (25 October 2006). "Mthatha in dire straits". Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ Harrison, Karen. "Can Mthatha turn the corner?" (PDF). SA Delivery. Retrieved 28 July 2017.
- ^ Tafirenyika, Masimba (20 July 2021). ""We are with you": In South Africa, care centres for rape survivors give hope as cases rise". UNSDG. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
- ^ "Climate data: Umtata: standard normal 1961 to 1990". South African Weather Service. Archived from the original on 8 March 2010. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
External links
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