Mosley Hill (or Mosely Hill, or Moseley Hill, or Mossley Hill), was launched in 1782 at Liverpool as a slave ship. Between 1782 and 1790 she made eight complete voyages in the triangular trade in enslaved people. For the voyages between 1785 and 1789, she sailed under an asiento that gave her a right to bring and sell captives in Spanish territories. She was last listed in 1790; reportedly she had been lost.
| History | |
|---|---|
 Great Britain | |
| Name | Mosley Hill |
| Namesake | Mossley Hill |
| Owner | Peter Baker & John Dawson[a] |
| Launched | 1782, Liverpool |
| Fate | Lost; last listed 1790 |
| General characteristics [2] | |
| Tons burthen | 376, or 400[3] (bm) |
| Length | 104 ft 8 in (31.9 m) |
| Beam | 29 ft 3 in (8.9 m) |
| Armament | 20 × 9-pounder guns |
| Notes | Two decks & three masts |
Career
editMosely Hill first appeared in Lloyd's Register (LR) in 1782.[3]
| Year | Master | Owner | Trade | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1782 | J.Gibbons | Baker & Co. | Liverpool–Africa | LR |
1st voyage transporting enslaved people (1782–1783): Captain John Hewan sailed from Liverpool on 9 June 1782. He acquired captives at Bonny, and Mosley Hill arrived at Tortola on 18 October with 730 captives. She sailed from there on 30 November, and arrived back at Liverpool on 10 January 1783. She had left Liverpool with 76 crew members and she had suffered six crew deaths on her voyage.[4]
In October Lloyd's List reported that an outward-bound French Indiaman had arrived at Tortola. She was a prize to Mosely, Hill, master, which had captured the Indiaman while sailing from Liverpool to Africa.[5]
Another source reports that Moseley Hill, Ewing, master had captured a Toulon East Indiaman, put a prize crew on board, and sent her into Tortola. Moseley Hill arrived after the prize with 723 captives. The same source reports that during the war she was the only enslaving ship to visit Bonny.[6]
2nd voyage transporting enslaved people (1783): Captain Hewan sailed from Liverpool on 1 March 1783. He arrived at Kingston, Jamaica with 794 captives on 3 October. Mosley Hill left Kingston on 4 November and arrived back at Liverpool on 24 December. She had left Liverpool with 65 crew members and had suffered five crew deaths on her voyage.[7]
3rd voyage transporting enslaved people (1784): Captain Hewan sailed from Liverpool on 7 May 1784. He acquired captives at Bonny and arrived at Trinidad on 8 October with 587 captives. Mosley Hill arrived back at Liverpool on 30 November. She had left Liverpool with 51 crew members and had suffered five crew deaths on her voyage.[8]
4th voyage transporting enslaved people (1785): Captain Hewan sailed from Liverpool on 15 January 1785. Mosley Hill acquired captives at Bonny and arrived at Havana in June with 404 captives. She arrived back at Liverpool on 11 August. She had left Liverpool with 51 crew members and had suffered six crew deaths on her voyage.[9]
Mosley Hill's owners, Baker and Dawson, had received an asiento that gave them a right to bring and sell captives in Spanish territories.[10]
5th voyage transporting enslaved people (1785–1786): Captain Joseph Fayrer sailed from Liverpool on 9 September 1785. Mosley Hill acquired captives at Bonny and arrived at Trinidad in May 1786 with 650 captives. She arrived back at Liverpool on 31 July. She had left Liverpool with 47 crew members and had suffered seven crew deaths on her voyage.[11]
6th voyage transporting enslaved people (1786–1787): Captain Joseph Fayrer sailed from Liverpool on 21 September 1786. Mosley Hill acquired captives at Bonny and arrived at La Guaira on 15 April 1786 with 674 captives.[12] Mosley Hill had embarked 736 captives at Bonny, and she delivered eight captives to Havana.[10] One may infer that the mortality rate among the slaves in the Middle Passage between Bonny and Havana was 7%. Mosley Hill arrived back at Liverpool on 22 June. She had left Liverpool with 51 crew members and had suffered three crew deaths on her voyage.[12]
Captain Fayrer reported seeing, on 4 June 1787, at 45°00′N 46°59′W / 45.000°N 46.983°W, some huge icebergs.[13]
7th voyage transporting enslaved people (1787–1788): Captain John Simmons sailed from Liverpool on 19 August 1787. Mosley Hill acquired captives at Bonny and arrived at Havana in April 1788 with 504 captives. She arrived back at Liverpool on 2 September. She had left Liverpool with 52 crew members and had suffered seven crew deaths on her voyage.[14]
The Slave Trade Act 1788 (Dolben's Act) limited the number of enslaved people that British slave ships could transport without penalty, based on the ships' tons burthen. It was the first British legislation passed to regulate slave shipping. At a burthen of 400 tons, the cap would have been 539 captives.
8th voyage transporting enslaved people (1788–1790): Captain Joseph Fayrer sailed from Liverpool on 10 October 1788. He acquired captives in the Bight of Benin. Mosley Hill arrived at La Guaira 17 May 1789 with 453 captives, by one account all of whom she landed.[15] On 28 February 1789 the Spanish had liberalized the slave trade, with the result that Baker and Dawson's asiento had ended. The Intendente of Caracas, Juan Gillelmi, confirmed to Fayrer and the owners' representative at Caracas that as Mosley Hill had left Europe before the end of the asiento, the terms of their asiento would still hold. However, the local landowners in La Guaira could not offer terms acceptable to Fayrer and so he decided to take his captives to Havana.[10] Mosley Hill arrived back at Liverpool on 13 January 1790. She had left Liverpool with 44 crew members and had suffered 12 crew deaths on her voyage. On her way back to Liverpool she had put into Galway leaky.
Fate
editMosley Hill was last listed in Lloyd's Register in 1790. By one report she had been lost and her certificate of registry had been given up.[2]
Notes
editCitations
edit- ^ Behrendt (1990), p. 104.
- ^ a b Craig & Jarvis (1967), p. 13.
- ^ a b [1] LR (1782), Seq.No.M438.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82803.
- ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 1405. 15 October 1782. hdl:2027/mdp.39015004281559.
- ^ Mackenzie-Grieve (1941), p. 182.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82804.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82805.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82806.
- ^ a b c Belmonte Postigo (2019).
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82807.
- ^ a b Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82808.
- ^ "On the 4th of June, in lat. 45. N. long 46. 59. W. Captain Fayrer, of the Mosley Hill", 29 June 1787, The Times (London, England), issue: 785.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82809.
- ^ Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Database – Mosley Hill voyage #82810.
References
edit- Behrendt, Stephen D. (1990). "The Captains in the British slave trade from 1785 to 1807" (PDF). Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire. 140.
- Belmonte Postigo, José Luis (2019). "A Caribbean Affair: The Liberalisation of the Slave Trade in the Spanish Caribbean, 1784-1791". Culture & History Digital Journal. 8 (1): e014. doi:10.3989/chdj.2019.014. hdl:10261/259058.
- Craig, Robert; Jarvis, Rupert (1967). Liverpool Registry of Merchant Ships. Series 3. Vol. 15. Manchester University Press for the Chetham Society.
- Mackenzie-Grieve, Averil. (1941). The Last Years of the English Slave Trade, Liverpool, 1750-1807. Putnam.
Further reading
edit- Smith, Leonard (2012). A South Lakeland nautical dynasty: Captain Joseph Fayrer of Milnthorpe. Lensden Publishing. ASIN B008ER7AOK.