Monacha is a genus of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Trochulininae Lindholm, 1927 of the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.[2]
| Monacha | |
|---|---|
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| Two live individuals of Monacha cartusiana on a human hand | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Order: | Stylommatophora |
| Infraorder: | Helicoidei |
| Superfamily: | Helicoidea |
| Family: | Hygromiidae |
| Genus: | Monacha Fitzinger, 1833[1] |
| Type species | |
| Helix cartusiana O. F. Müller, 1774 | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Distribution
editThe distribution of the genus Monacha includes western Europe, Central Europe, Mediterranean, Asia minor and Turkey (more than 50 species of Monacha),[3] Georgia, Russia, Arabia, Iran, Azerbaijan (1 species).[4] It is not in Armenia.[4]
The greatest diversity of species is in the Pontic region.[4]
Species
editSpecies within the genus Monacha include:[4]
- Monacha albocincta (P. Hesse, 1912)
- Monacha aniliensis P. L. Reischütz & Sattmann, 1990
- Monacha ascania (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha atacis E. Gittenberger & de Winter, 1985
- Monacha auturica Falkner, 2000
- Monacha badia (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha bithynica (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha cantiana (Montagu, 1803)
- Monacha carascaloides (Bourguignat, 1855)
- Monacha carinata (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha cartusiana (Müller, 1774) - type species
- Monacha cemenelea (Risso, 1826)
- Monacha ciscaucasica (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
- Monacha claussi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
- Monacha claustralis (Menke, 1828)
- Monacha comata (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha compingtae (Pallary, 1929)
- Monacha consona (Rossmässler, 1839)
- Monacha crenophila (L. Pfeiffer, 1857)
- Monacha cretica Hausdorf, 2003
- Monacha crispulata (Mousson, 1861)
- Monacha densecostulata (Retowski, 1886)
- Monacha depressior (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha devrekensis (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha dirphica (E. von Martens, 1876)
- Monacha dofleini (P. Hesse, 1928)
- Monacha elatior (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha eliae (Nägele, 1906)
- Monacha emigrata (Westerlund, 1894)
- Monacha euboeica (Kobelt, 1877)
- Monacha frequens (Mousson, 1859)
- Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)[5]
- Monacha galatica (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha gemina (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha georgievi (Pall-Gergely, 2010)[6]
- Monacha glareosa (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler, 1839)
- Monacha hamsikoeyensis (Hudec, 1973)
- Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886)
- Monacha hemitricha (P. Hesse, 1914)
- Monacha heteromorpha (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha ignorata (O. Boettger, 1905)
- Monacha kuznetsovi (Hausdorf, 2000)[4]
- Monacha lamalouensis (Reynès, 1870)
- Monacha laxa (Hudec, 1973)
- Monacha leucozona (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha liebegottae (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha maasseni Hausdorf, 2003
- Monacha magna (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha margarita (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha martensiana (Tiberi, 1869)
- Monacha melitensis (P. Hesse, 1915)
- Monacha menkhorsti (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha merssinae (Mousson, 1874)
- Monacha microtricha S. H. F. Jaeckel, 1954
- Monacha nordsiecki (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha obstructa (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)
- Monacha ocellata (Roth, 1839)
- Monacha oecali Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely, 2009[7]
- Monacha orsini (Porro, 1841)
- Monacha oshanovae I. Pintér & L. Pintér, 1970
- Monacha ovularis (Bourguignat, 1855)
- Monacha pamphylica (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879)
- Monacha parumcincta (Menke, 1828)
- Monacha perfrequens (Hesse, 1914)
- Monacha pharmacia (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha phazimonitica (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha pseudorothii Hausdorf, 2003
- Monacha pusilla (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha riedeli (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha rizzae (Aradas, 1844)
- Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914)
- Monacha rothii (L. Pfeiffer, 1841)
- Monacha samsunensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1868)
- Monacha saninensis (Pallary, 1939)
- Monacha sedissana (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha solidior (Mousson, 1863)
- Monacha spiroxia spiroxia (Bourguignat, 1868)
- Monacha spiroxia atik (Schutt, 2001)
- Monacha stipulifera (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha subaii (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha subcarthusiana (Lindholm, 1913)
- Monacha syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)
- Monacha terebrata (Hausdorf, 2000)
- Monacha tibarenica Neiber & Hausdorf, 2017
- Monacha venusta (L. Pinter, 1968)
The species Ashfordiana granulata (Alder, 1830) is often also grouped under the genus Monacha.
- Taxon inquirendum
- Monacha talischana (E. von Martens, 1880)
- Synonyms
- Monacha beieri Klemm, 1962: synonym of Monacha haussknechti (O. Boettger, 1886) (junior synonym)
- Monacha fallax A. J. Wagner, 1914: synonym of Monachoides fallax (A. J. Wagner, 1914) (original combination)
- Monacha ruffoi Giusti, 1973: synonym of Monacha pantanellii (De Stefani, 1879) (junior synonym)
- Monacha tschegemica Schileyko, 1988: synonym of Paratheba roseni (Hesse, 1914): synonym of Monacha roseni (Hesse, 1914) (junior synonym)
References
edit- ^ Fitzinger L. I. (1833). "Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben". Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreich's unter der Enns 3: 88-122. Wien.
- ^ a b MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Monacha Fitzinger, 1833. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=426406 on 2021-08-12
- ^ Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Hygromiidae)". Arch. Molluskenk. 128: 61-151.
- ^ a b c d e f g Hausdorf B. (2000). "The genus Monacha in the Western Caucasus (Gastropoda: Hygromiidae)". Journal of Natural History 34(8): 1575-1594. PDF Archived 2009-03-06 at the Wayback Machine. doi:10.1080/00222930050117495.
- ^ "Monacha fruticola (Krynicki, 1833)". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ Páll-Gergely B. (2010). "New and little known land snails from Turkey (Gastropoda: Pulmonata)". Zoology in the Middle East 50: 89-94. Heidelberg. abstract.
- ^ Hausdorf & Páll-Gergely B. (2009). "Monacha oecali new species from southern Turkey (Gastropoda:Hygromiidae) ". Journal of Conchology 40(1): 15-18. abstract.
- Pintér, L. (1977). Studien an Monacha (Gastropoda: Helicidae), I. Über die subgenerische Zugehörigkeit von Monacha gregaria (Rossmässler). Archiv für Molluskenkunde. 108: 53–55.
- Nordsieck, H. (1993). Das System der paläarktischen Hygromiidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora: Helicoidea). Archiv für Molluskenkunde, 122 (Zilch-Festschrift): 1-23. Frankfurt am Main
- Bank, R. A. (2017). Classification of the Recent terrestrial Gastropoda of the World. Last update: July 16, 2017
- Holyoak, D. T. & Holyoak, G. A. (2018). A new genus Zenobiellina for Helix subrufescens Miller, 1822 (Hygromiidae), with description of a new congeneric species from northern Spain. Iberus. 36 (2): 133–147.
External links
edit
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Monacha.
- Fitzinger, L.J. (1833). Systematisches Verzeichniß der im Erzherzogthume Oesterreich vorkommenden Weichthiere, als Prodrom einer Fauna derselben. Beiträge zur Landeskunde Oesterreichs's unter der Enns, 3: 88-122. Wien
- Neiber, M. T. & Hausdorf, B. (2017). Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the land snail genus Monacha (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae). Zoologica Scripta. 46(3): 308-321