The Ministry of the Treasury (大蔵省, Ōkura-shō, lit. 'the department of the great treasury') was a division of the eighth-century Japanese government of the Imperial Court in Kyoto,[1] instituted in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. The Ministry was replaced in the Meiji period.
| Premodern Japan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Daijō-daijin | |
| Minister of the Left | Sadaijin |
| Minister of the Right | Udaijin |
| Minister of the Center | Naidaijin |
| Major Counselor | Dainagon |
| Middle Counselor | Chūnagon |
| Minor Counselor | Shōnagon |
| Eight Ministries | |
| Center | Nakatsukasa-shō |
| Ceremonial | Shikibu-shō |
| Civil Administration | Jibu-shō |
| Popular Affairs | Minbu-shō |
| War | Hyōbu-shō |
| Justice | Gyōbu-shō |
| Treasury | Ōkura-shō |
| Imperial Household | Kunai-shō |
Overview
editThe nature of the ministry was modified in response to changing times. The ambit of the Ministry's activities encompasses, for example:
- administration of public accounts[2]
- oversight of tax collections and of offerings to the Emperor[2]
- regulation of weights and measures[2]
- control of the functuations in prices of commodities[2]
- regulation and oversight of the coinage of gold, silver, copper, and iron money[2]
- maintenance of the lists of artisans engaged in coinage-related activities[2]
- regulation of activities in the manufacture of lacquer ware, weaving, and other kinds of industries[2]
History
editThe duties, responsibilities and focus of the ministry evolved over time. It was established as part of the Taika Reforms and Ritsuryō laws.[3] Since 1885, Ōkura-shō has been construed in reference to the Ministry of Finance, also called the Ōkura no Tsukasa.[4]
Hierarchy
editThe court included a ministry dealing with military affairs.[3]
Amongst the significant daijō-kan officials serving in this ministry structure were:
- Chief administrator of the ministry of the treasury (大蔵卿, Ōkura-kyō). This official supervises the receipt of tributes from the provinces and imposes tribute on others.[5]
- Chief administrator of the ministry of the treasury (大蔵大輔, Ōkura-taifu)[5]
- First assistant to the chief of the ministry of the treasury (大蔵少輔, Ōkura-shō)[5]
- Second assistant to the chief of the ministry of the treasury (大蔵丞, Ōkura-no-jō), two positions[5]
- Alternate assistant to the chief of the ministry of the treasury (大蔵録, Ōkura-no-sakan), two positions[5]
- Collector of taxation from manufacturers and dyers (織部正, Oribe-no-kami)[5]
- Assistant collector of taxation from manufacturers and dyers (織部佑, Oribe-no-jō)[5]
- Alternate assistant collector of taxation from manufacturers and dyers (織部令史, Oribe-no-sakan)[5]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ Kawakami, Karl Kiyoshi. (1903). The Political Ideas of the Modern Japan, pp. 36-38., p. 36, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f g Kawakami, p. 38 n2,, p. 38, at Google Books citing Ito Hirobumi, Commentaries on the Japanese Constitution, p. 87 (1889).
- ^ a b Ministry of the Treasury, Sheffield.
- ^ Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric et al. (2005). "Ōkura-shō" in Japan Encyclopedia, p. 749., p. 749, at Google Books
- ^ a b c d e f g h Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du japon, p. 432., p. 432, at Google Books
References
edit- Kawakami, Karl Kiyoshi. (1903). The Political Ideas of the Modern Japan. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press. OCLC 466275784. Internet Archive, full text
- Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-01753-5; OCLC 48943301
- Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Nihon Odai Ichiran; ou, Annales des empereurs du Japon. Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691