This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (October 2014) |
Miloš Jakeš (12 August 1922[3] – 10 July 2020) was a Czech communist politician. He was General Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1987 until 1989.
Miloš Jakeš | |
|---|---|
 Miloš Jakeš in Prague on 1 May 2014 | |
| First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia | |
| In office 17 December 1987 – 24 November 1989 | |
| Preceded by | Gustáv Husák |
| Succeeded by | Karel Urbánek |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 12 August 1922 České Chalupy, Czechoslovakia (now Czech Republic) |
| Died | 10 July 2020 (aged 97) Prague, Czech Republic[1] |
| Political party | Communist Party of Czechoslovakia |
| Spouse |
Květena Jakešová
(m. 1943; died 2013) |
He resigned from his position in late November 1989, amid the Velvet Revolution.
Early life
editJakeš was born in České Chalupy, now part of Nová Ves near České Budějovice. He grew up in a poor village family in the Bohemian Forest borderlands before working in Bata Shoes factory in Zlín between 1937 and 1950. He joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia soon after World War II, triggering his steady rise within the party ranks. In 1955 he began his studies at Moscow's Party's Higher College and, after obtaining his degree in 1958, his career continued without interruption, undisturbed even during the 1968 Prague Spring period. After the Soviet invasion, Jakeš became one of the main initiators of the political purges carried out in the name of "normalization".
Party leader
editFollowing the ouster of Gustáv Husák at a dramatic party meeting in December 1987, Jakeš was nominated for the position of General Secretary by the competing factions within the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia. Following his rise to power, Jakeš began to promote himself as a supporter of glasnost and perestroika. Yet, despite the Communist Party's attempt to appease the public's demands for reform, Jakeš remained staunchly opposed to any dialogue with the growing opposition movement in the country. Even when the Velvet Revolution broke out, Jakeš refused to consider any serious talks with the opposition. Events soon overtook him, and on 24 November he resigned along with the party's entire Presidium. The Communists officially abandoned power four days later.
As General Secretary Jakeš used the first name Miloš. During the trial it was revealed that his actual name is Milouš.[citation needed]
Speech in Červený Hradek
editJakeš gained unwanted infamy through his famous speech addressed to local party workers in Červený Hrádek close to Plzeň. When speaking about the necessity of Gorbachev-inspired "perestroika", he presented himself and the party as a lonely pole plank being allegedly left alone to overcome the hardships. Jakeš also mistook the word broiler (type of chicken) for boiler and spoke in an embarrassingly familiar way about some Czech pop music singers when pointing to their allegedly super-high incomes ("None of us earns so much!"). His speech had been recorded by a journalist from Czech Television who managed to secretly make a copy of the tape. The recording was frequently copied among the people[specify] in summer 1989 and afterwards.[4]
Personal life and death
editJakeš lived in Prague as an ordinary pensioner and was a frequent guest at Communist rallies after the revolution. He wrote a book entitled Dva roky generálním tajemníkem (Two years as the General Secretary), in which he compared the forty-year-long Communist rule of Czechoslovakia to the Hussite period in the nation's history. Jakeš died between 9 July 2020 and the following day at the age of 97. [5]
References
edit- ^ "Index J".
- ^ "Zdrcený papaláš Jakeš: Přišel o vnuka, teď pohřbil i manželku Květenu!". Blesk (in Czech). Czech News Center. 9 December 2013.
- ^ Cook, Bernard A. (2014). Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-17932-8.
- ^ Vrána, Karel (23 November 2006). Reportéři ČT – Myšlenkové perly Miloše Jakeše (Windows Media, RealMedia) (Documentary). Prague, Czech Republic: Czech Television. Event occurs at 16:48. Retrieved 22 February 2008. – history of the recording from Červený Hrádek and its leakage from the Czech Television (video) (in Czech)
- ^ "Zemřel Miloš Jakeš". Novinky.cz (in Czech). Borgis. 14 July 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2024.
External links
edit- Parts of the speech in Červený Hrádek (audio) (in Czech)
- "Projev Miloše Jakeše na Červeném Hrádku v Archivu ČT24". ČT24 (in Czech). Czech Television. 18 November 2016. Archived from the original on 8 August 2009. – parts of the video recording of the speech in Červený Hrádek
- 168 hodin – Miloš Jakeš v listopadu 1989 (Embedded flash video) (Television Production) (in Czech). Prague, Czech Republic: Czech Television. 8 November 2009. Retrieved 6 February 2011. – Contains parts of rare interview with Milouš Jakeš from 2003.