Microcephaly albinism digital anomalies syndrome is a very rare congenital genetic disease. The syndrome includes microcephaly, micrognathia, oculocutaneous albinism, hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of fingers, and agenesia of the distal end of the right big toe.[2]
| Microcephaly albinism digital anomalies syndrome | |
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| X-ray of a patient with microcephaly albinisim digital anomalies syndrome.[1] |
Symptoms and signs
editMicrocephaly albinism digital anomalies syndrome's symptoms may vary from individual to individual, however there are many common symptoms, associated with this rare genetic disease. Common symptoms are:[2]
- microcephaly
- oculocutaneous albinism
- Slow development of the fingers
- hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of fingers
- tyrosinase‐positive oculocutaneous albinism
- Recurrent bacterial infections
- granulocytopenia
- intermittent thrombopenia
- protruding midface/dysmorphism
- rough and projecting hair
- mild mental retardation[3]
Genetics
editIn males, duplication of a portion of Xq chromosome is associated with multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay. Most females recognized as having dup(Xq) chromosomes are phenotypically apparently normal relatives of phenotypically abnormal males. The disease also is associated with the inactivation of the duplicated X chromosomes.[citation needed]
Diagnosis
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References
edit- ^ Dias, Patrícia; Medeira, Ana; Cordeiro, Isabel (October 2012). "A new intellectual disability syndrome with digital anomalies". Clinical Dysmorphology. 21 (4): 222–225. doi:10.1097/MCD.0b013e32835701b9. PMID 22797554.
- ^ a b "Microcephaly-albinism-digital anomalies syndrome | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program". rarediseases.info.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-30.
- ^ Kotzot, Dieter; Richter, Konrad; Gierth-Fiebig, Kornelia (15 April 1994). "Oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, hematological disorders, and minor anomalies: A new autosomal recessive syndrome?". American Journal of Medical Genetics. 50 (3): 224–227. doi:10.1002/ajmg.1320500303. PMID 8042664.