Mawlid al-Barzanjī

Mawlid al-Barzanjī (Arabic: مَولِد الْبَرزَنجِي) is the widely known name of a popular verse written in praise of the Islamic prophet Muhammad by Jaʿfar b. Ḥasan al-Barzanjī. Its complete title is Iqd al-Jawhar fī Mawlid al-Nabiy al-Azhar (عقد الْجَوهر في مَولِد الْنَبِي الْأزهَر; The Jeweled Necklace of the Resplendent Prophet's Birth) and it was written in the Arabic vernacular.

Calligraphy of the title adorning the cover of a recently released Arabic-English edition of Mawlid al-Barzanji in the United Kingdom.

Mawlid

The work is widely recited by Sunni Muslims around the world. In Southeast Asia and East and Southern Africa, the term Barzanji is synonymous with the word Mawlid, which refers to celebration of Muhammad's birth. This is done through a poetic description of his conception and birth, the miraculous exploits and significant events in his life, and his disposition.

The work has a central place during the annual commemoration of the birth of Muhammad which was on the 12th day of the Islamic month of Rabī al-Awwal. In the Muslim households of Asia and Africa, it is recited to solicit divine blessings on special occasions such as the birth of a child, moving into a new house, and the opening of a new business. It is also recited at death, under the belief that one should rejoice in God's blessing (i.e. the birth of Muhammad) rather than lament a loss (of a loved one). It also serves to remind the believer that no loss is greater than the loss of Muhammad.

Scholarly commentaries

Scholars, such as the author's descendant, Ja’far ibn Ismā’īl al-Barzanjī (d. 1317 AH / 1899 CE) have composed commentaries on the work. Other prominent commentators include Muhammad ‘Ulaysh (d. 1299 AH/1881 CE), the Highest Juridical Authority (Muftī) of the Malikites in Egypt, and the Sundanese scholar, Muḥammad Nawawī al-Bantānī (d. 1316 AH/1898 CE), a Shāfi’ī jurist and sūfi who settled in Mecca. The titles of some of the commentaries are as follows:

• al-Barzanji, al-Kawkab al-anwār ‘alā ‘iqd al-jawhar fī mawlid al-nabī al-azhar;
• ‘Ulaysh, al-Qawl al-munjī ‘alā mawlid al-Barzanjī;
• al-Bantānī, Madārij al-ṣu‘ūd ilā iktisā’ al-burūd.

Popular refrain

The work is the source of the popular refrain chanted in Mawlid gatherings around the globe:

عَطِّرِ ٱللّٰهُمَّ قَبْرَہُ ٱلْكَرِيمْ ، بِعَرْفٍ شَذِيٍّ مِنْ صَلاَةٍ وَتَسْلِيْم
ٱللّٰهُمَّ صَلِّ وَسَلِّمْ وَبَارِكْ عَلَيْهِ وَعَلَى آلِهِ

‘Aṭṭir Allāhumma qabrahu l-karīm / bi-‘arfin shadhiyyin min ṣalātin wa-taslīm
Allāhumma ṣalli wa-sallim wa-bārik alaihi wa-‘alā ālihi

O Allāh, perfume his noble grave / with the fragrant scent of blessings and peace
O Allāh, honor, bestow peace, and shower blessings upon him and his family

Contents of Mawlid al-Barzanjī

The contents of the Mawlid al-Barzanjī in English are as follows:

1. The Prophet's Lineage;
2. Before His Birth;
3. Preternatural Occurrences;
4. His Childhood;
5. ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and Abū Ṭālib;
6. Adulthood;
7. His Marriage;
8. Resolving a Dispute;
9. The Beginning of Prophethood:
10. The First Believers;
11. The Year of Sadness;
12. The Night Journey;
13. The Prophet Presenting Himself to the Tribes;
14. The Emigration;
15. The Cave;
16. Surāqa;
17. The Story of Umm Maʿbad;
18. Medina;
19. His Inward and Outward Perfection and Beauty;
20. The Seal of Prophethood;
21. His Love for the Poor;
22. Closing Supplication.

References

• Katz, Marion Holmes (2007). The Birth of the Prophet Muḥammad: Devotional Piety in Sunni Islam. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-203-96214-5.