Marchenko and Martchenko (Ukrainian: Марченко) is a Ukrainian surname of the following people:
- Alexey Marchenko (born 1992), Russian ice hockey defenceman
- Anatoly Marchenko (1938–1986), Russian author
- Daria Marchenko, Ukrainian artist
- Grigori Marchenko (born 1959), Kazakh financier
- Illya Marchenko (born 1987), Ukrainian tennis player
- Ivan Marchenko (disambiguation), several people
- Ivan the Terrible (Treblinka guard) (1911–1943), Ukrainian Treblinka guard
- Kirill Marchenko (born 2000), Russian ice hockey winger
- Maksym Marchenko (born 1983), Ukrainian colonel and the current governor of Odesa Oblast
- Michael Martchenko (born 1942), Canadian illustrator
- Oleksiy Marchenko (died 1921), Ukrainian military commander
- Vladimir Marchenko (gymnast) (born 1952), Russian Olympic athlete
- Volodymyr Marchenko, Soviet-Ukrainian mathematician
- Yevgeny Marchenko, several people