The scudo (plural scudi) is the official currency[1] of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta and was the currency of Malta during the rule of the Order over Malta, which ended in 1798. It is subdivided into 12 tarì (singular tarì), each of 20 grani (singular grano) with 6 piccioli (singular picciolo) to the grano. It is pegged to the euro (at a rate of 1 scudo to €0.24, or €1 = 4 scudi 2 tarì).[2]
 Two Scudi silver coin of Ramon Despuig, 1738 | |
| ISO 4217 | |
| Code | none |
| Unit | |
| Plural | scudi |
| Denominations | |
| Subunit | |
| 1⁄12 | tarì |
| 1⁄240 | grano |
| 1⁄1440 | picciolo |
| Plural | |
| tarì | tarì |
| grano | grani |
| picciolo | piccioli |
| Coins | 15 piccioli 1, 5, 10 grani 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 15, 16, 30 tarì 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 scudi |
| Demographics | |
| User(s) |  Sovereign Military Order of MaltaPreviously: Hospitaller Rhodes (1318–1522) Hospitaller Malta (1530–1798) French Malta (1798–1800) Independent Gozo (1798–1801) Malta Protectorate (1800–1813) Crown Colony of Malta (1813–1825/1886) |
| Valuation | |
| Pegged with | euro €0.24 = 1 scudo |
History
editThe scudo was first minted in Rhodes in 1318. By 1500, the coins had the distinctive characteristics of a cross and the Order's and Grandmaster's coat of arms on one side, and the head of St. John the Baptist on the other. The scudo was first minted in Malta during the reign of Piero de Ponte. The quality of the coins improved especially during the reign of António Manoel de Vilhena in the early 18th century. At some points in time, foreign coinage was allowed to circulate in Malta alongside the scudo. These included Spanish dollars, Venetian lira, Louis d'or and other currencies.[3]
During the French occupation of Malta in 1798, the French authorities melted down some of the silver from the island's churches and struck them into 15 and 30 tarì coins from the 1798 dies of Grandmaster Hompesch. After the Maltese rebellion, gold and silver ingots were stamped with a face value in grani, tarì and scudi and they briefly circulated as coinage in Valletta and the surrounding area.[4]
The scudo continued to circulate on the island of Malta, which had become a British colony, along with some other currencies until they were all replaced by sterling[5] in 1825, at a rate of £1 to 12 scudi (or 1 scudo = 1s. 8d.) using British coinage. Despite this, some scudi remained in use and the last coins were withdrawn from circulation and demonetized in November 1886.[6] 1 scudo in 1886 had the spending power equivalent to £3.82 or €4.35 in 2011.[7] The present-day Republic of Malta adopted the decimal Maltese pound in 1972, and the euro in 2008.
The SMOM, which is now based in Rome, has issued souvenir coins denominated in grani, tarì and scudi since 1961. The 1961 issues were minted in Rome, while mints in Paris and Arezzo were used in 1962 and 1963. From 1964 onwards coins were minted in the Order's own mint.[citation needed]
The scudo was also the currency used on the Order's stamps from 1961 to 2005, when the euro began to be used.[citation needed]
Coins
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Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2+1⁄2, 5 and 10 grani, 1, 2, 4 and 6 tarì, 1, 1+1⁄4, 1+1⁄3, 2, 2+1⁄2, 5, 10 and 20 scudi. The 1, 2+1⁄2, 5 and 10 grani and 1 tarì were minted in copper, with the 2+1⁄2 grani denominated as 15 piccoli. The 2, 4 and 6 tarì, 1, 1+1⁄4, 1+1⁄3, 2 and 2+1⁄2 scudi were silver coins, with the 1+1⁄4, 1+1⁄3 and 2+1⁄2 scudi denominated as 15, 16 and 30 tarì. The 5, 10, 20 scudi coins were gold.
Coins minted today include bronze 10 grani, silver 9 tarì, 1 and 2 scudi and gold 5 and 10 scudi.[8][9]
In 2011, a gold coin of António Manoel de Vilhena minted in 1725 sold for US$340,000.[10]
References
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- ^ "Numismatica | Ordine di Malta Italia". www.ordinedimaltaitalia.org. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
- ^ "A Little History". Catalogue. Order of Malta. Retrieved 14 March 2012.
- ^ "Coinage of the Knights in Malta". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014.
- ^ "French Rule, 1798-1800". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.
- ^ "200-year-old History in an old musty archive". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-07-17.
- ^ "British Era, 1800-1964". Central Bank of Malta. Archived from the original on 10 August 2014.
- ^ Buttigieg, Emanuel (2011). Nobility, Faith and Masculinity: The Hospitaller Knights of Malta, c.1580-c.1700. A&C Black. p. xi. ISBN 9781441102430.
- ^ "Coins". Order of Malta. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Numismatics - Poste Magistrali". Order of Malta. Retrieved 13 June 2024.
- ^ "Gold Maltese piece from a golden era of coin design sells for $340,000". paulfrasercollectibles.com. 7 April 2011. Retrieved 19 January 2015.