Makrani (also known as Lotuni, Zadgaali, or Junoobi)[3][4] is variety of the Balochi language spoken in the historical region of Makran in Balochistan in Pakistan as well as Iran.[5] Spoken by the Makrani people, it is often categorised as an "important" dialect of Balochi.[6] Makrani uses many loanwords especially from Sindhi, Urdu, and Persian.[7] Some people consider Makrani a mix of Balochi and Sindhi.[8] Makrani includes four dialects, Coastal, Lashari, Kechi, and Karachi. The Karachi dialect is spoken in Karachi.[9] Makrani is the second most spoken Balochi dialect after Rakhshani in Iranian Balochistan.[10]
| Makrani | |
|---|---|
| مکرانی | |
| Native to | Pakistan, Iran[1] |
| Region | Makran |
Native speakers | 3.4 million (2003)[2] |
Indo-European
| |
| Dialects | |
| Balochi Alphabet (Perso-Arabic) | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Loanwords
editMakrani is notable for being filled with loanwords from other languages. This is primarily seen in Sindhi, while also Persian, Urdu, and Arabic. Loanwords from Urdu is rather new due to the creation of Pakistan. Sindhi has been one of the main languages that Makrani uses for loanwords primarily because of the contact between Lasi speakers.[11] The Makrani dialect also uses loanwords from the now extinct Sidi language, which was considered a variety of Swahili.
References
edit- ^ Spooner, Brian (1967). "Notes on the Baluchī Spoken in Persian Baluchistan". III: 8–9.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Frawley, William J. (May 2003). International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-977178-3.
- ^ "Baluchi Makrani language".
- ^ "ScholarlyCommons :: Home".
- ^ Edlefsen, John B.; Shah, Khalida; Farooq, Mohsin (1960). "Makranis, the Negroes of West Pakistan". Phylon. 21 (2): 124–130. doi:10.2307/274335. JSTOR 274335.
- ^ "Makrani language | Britannica".
- ^ Priyadarshi, Premendra (19 May 2021). Origin and Spread of Domestication and Farming: The domestication of animals and plants and the origin of farming leading to human and animal migrations out of India to the rest of Asia. Notion Press. ISBN 9781639047000.
- ^ https://pjsr.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/18.-Vol-4.-Issue-2-Apl-Jun-2022-Khan-Ali-Jan-Morphological-Properties-of-Balochi-Verbs.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Balochi Dialects". 24 February 2011.
- ^ https://dl1.cuni.cz/mod/resource/view.php?id=387216[permanent dead link]
- ^ Baloch, Hamid Ali (2014). "LANGUAGE CONTACT IN BALOCHISTAN: A SOCIOLINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE OF THE BALOCHI LANGUAGE" (PDF): 39. Retrieved 2022-08-17.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help)