Mafraq (Arabic: المفرق Al-Mafraq, local dialects: Mafrag or Mafra; lit. 'crossroads') is the capital city of Mafraq Governorate in Jordan, located 80 km to the north of the national capital, Amman. It is located at a crossroads, with a road north going to Syria and another road to the east going to Iraq. It had 56,340 inhabitants in 2004.
Mafraq
مدينة المَفْرَق | |
|---|---|
City | |
 Mafraq city center | |
  Mafraq | |
| Coordinates: 32°20′24″N 36°12′19″E / 32.339939°N 36.205166°E | |
| Country |  Jordan |
| Province | Mafraq Governorate |
| Founded | 333 B.C. |
| Municipality established | 1945 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Abdullah arqan |
| Area | |
| • City | 14 km2 (5 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 128 km2 (49 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 700 m (2,300 ft) |
| Population (2017)[1] | |
| • City | 580,000 |
| Time zone | GMT +2 |
| • Summer (DST) | +3 |
| Area code | +(962)2 |
| Website | www |
History
edit
Mafraq was first settled in the 4th century BC. It is located about 17 km west of the historic Nabataean and Byzantine town of Umm el-Jimal, which was built in the 1st century.
The city was first named "Fudain",[when?] which comes from the word for fortress in Arabic.
In Ottoman times, there was a pilgrims' inn or khan there, known as Khan or Qal'at el-Mafraq, which was part of the Syrian Hajj route, used annually by Muslims on their way to Medina and Mecca.[2] The city gained more significance after the establishment of the Hejaz Railway connecting Damascus (and by extension Istanbul) to Medina in 1908. The Ottoman Turks renamed the city "Mafraq", which means "crossroads" in Arabic.
Mafraq was the location of a British military base and airport during the British post-WWI Mandate. During the Second World War, the city's military base hosted British troops from India, Australia and other British colonies. It later became the base for the Arab Legion during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Mafraq is the headquarters of the Third Division of the Jordanian Army. King Hussein Air College and an air base of the Royal Jordanian Air Force are also located in the city.
In 1945, the Municipality of Mafraq was established, with Ali Abdeyyah as its first mayor.
As of 2016, 50% of the population of Mafraq were Syrian refugees.[3]
Geography
editThe city of Mafraq is located in northern Jordan at the boundary between the Hauran plateau and the Syrian Desert, about 80 km north of Amman. It is the capital and largest city of Mafraq Governorate. The city is close to three major cities in the region, Amman to the south, Irbid to the west, and Damascus to the north.
Climate
editMafraq has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk). Most rain falls in the winter. The average annual temperature in Mafraq is 16.6 °C (61.9 °F). About 184 mm (7.24 in) of precipitation falls annually.
| Climate data for Mafraq | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.5 (54.5) |
14.4 (57.9) |
17.6 (63.7) |
22.5 (72.5) |
27.7 (81.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
26.4 (79.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
23.5 (74.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) |
3.3 (37.9) |
5.5 (41.9) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.2 (54.0) |
14.9 (58.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
16.4 (61.5) |
14.5 (58.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
7.3 (45.1) |
3.1 (37.6) |
9.7 (49.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 41 (1.6) |
37 (1.5) |
31 (1.2) |
11 (0.4) |
3 (0.1) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
7 (0.3) |
20 (0.8) |
34 (1.3) |
184 (7.2) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org, Climate data | |||||||||||||
Transport
editThe international highway that connects Damascus to Riyadh passes through the city. Mafraq has a station on the 1,050 mm (3 ft 5+11⁄32 in) national railway system.
Education
editAl al-Bayt University is the only university in the city. It was established in 1992 and is located on the south-eastern outskirts of Mafraq city.[4]
See also
edit- King Hussein Air Base (IATA: OMF, ICAO: OJMF)
- Railway stations in Jordan
References
edit- ^ Official city website (in Arabic). Archived 2010-02-04 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Al Shqour, Reem Samed (2019). "Ch. 6, Late Islamic Khans of Jordan: Ottoman Khans/Qila' ". The Aqaba Khans and the Origin of Khans in Jordan: An Archaeological Approach (PDF). Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press. ISBN 978-1-4632-0651-2. OCLC 1106116517. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
- ^ "Increasingly, hungry refugees receive aid not as food, but as cash". The Economist. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ^ "Al al-Bayt University". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2010.