Marcarius was an imperial notary sent in 340 to enforce an imperial edict[1][2] against the Donatist community,[3] in Bagai, Numidia, Roman North Africa.
Macarius' mission
editHis original mission had been to distribute donations from the emperor Constans, in North Africa churches in an attempt to end the split between Donatists and Catholics.[4] The local Donatists, however, resisted the legates and aided by Circumcellion groups from the surrounding district, a revolt took place. Rumor spread he had placed imperial images on the Eucharist table and the cry of the rebels was "What has the emperor to do with the church"[5][6]
Optatus records that the Donatists struck first and the retaliation by the soldiers resulted in a slaughter,[7] of the local church groups. A meeting with the Donatists was called, but the legates had the bishops chained and flogged, and some days later the bishops were killed, Donatus of Bagai thrown down a well[8] and Marculus off a cliff.[9][10] There is some suggestion that this was carried out by the soldier without Macarius orders but either way, Marcarius set camp at a nearby imperial estate and suppressed the revolt over the following months. In this "Macarius did not discriminate between moderate Donatist and extreme Circumcellionist."[11]
Following the events at Bagai the rift between Catholic and Donatist became intractable.[12] and never forgotten. The Donatists never trusted the Catholic factions again and the dispute became ever more violent over the coming decades.
Donatus of Bagai was held by the Donatists to be a Martyr and a shrine to him and others killed at this time has been recently excavated in Bagai.
Legacy
edit
The phrase [13]Macarian Times became a sound bite to express the idea of Catholic-imperial persecution by Donatists preachers."Far from securing unity, the Marcarian mission had left a bitterly divided memory half a century later.[14]
Augustine latter accepted the Macarius had acted excessively, while Optatus chilled those who fled from the approach of Macarius.[15]
References
edit- ^ Leslie Dossey, Peasant and Empire in Christian North Africa (University of California Press, 2010) p190.
- ^ Jesse Hoover, The Contours of Donatism: Theological and Ideological Diversity in Fourth Century North Africa.(ProQuest, 2008 ) p215.
- ^ Ronald D. Burris, Where Is the Church?: Martyrdom, Persecution, and Baptism in North Africa. (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2012 ) p83
- ^ Schindler, Alfred (Heidelberg), "Macarius", in: Brill's New Pauly, Edited by: Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity), Manfred Landfester (History of Recollection and Science). Consulted online on 23 January 2017
- ^ Michael Gaddis, There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ.(University of California Press, 2005).p106.
- ^ Leslie Dossey, Peasant and Empire in Christian North Africa (University of California Press, 2010 ) p185.
- ^ Optatus 3.12.
- ^ Edward Ambrose Burgis, The annals of the Church [by E.A. Burgis (Edward Ambrose Burgis, 1738) p203.
- ^ Ronald D. Burris, Where Is the Church?: Martyrdom, Persecution, and Baptism in North Africa. (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2012)p84.
- ^ Michael Gaddis, There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ.(University of California Press, 2005) p109.
- ^ Donatus and Donatism at Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century.
- ^ Ronald D. Burris, Where Is the Church?: Martyrdom, Persecution, and Baptism in North Africa. (Wipf and Stock Publishers, 2012 ) p85.
- ^ Schindler, Alfred (Heidelberg), "Macarius", in: Brill's New Pauly, Edited by: Hubert Cancik, Helmuth Schneider (Antiquity), Manfred Landfester (History of Recollection and Science). Consulted online on 23 January 2017
- ^ Michael Gaddis, There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ: Religious Violence in the fourth century North Africa].(University of California Press, 14 Oct. 2005) p136
- ^ Michael Gaddis, There Is No Crime for Those Who Have Christ: Religious Violence in the fourth century North Africa. (University of California Press, 14 Oct. 2005) p136