Livingston is a town, with a population of 17,923 (2018 census),[2] in Izabal Department, eastern Guatemala, at the mouth of the Río Dulce at the Gulf of Honduras. The town serves as the municipal seat of the municipality of the same name. It was Guatemala's main port on the Caribbean Sea before the construction of nearby Puerto Barrios.
Livingston
Labuga | |
|---|---|
Municipality and town | |
 Panoramic | |
  Livingston Location in Guatemala | |
| Coordinates: 15°49′48″N 88°45′00″W / 15.83000°N 88.75000°W | |
| Country |  Guatemala |
| Department | Izabal Department |
| Area | |
• Total | 919 sq mi (2,379 km2) |
| Population (2018 census)[1] | |
• Total | 73,492 |
| • Density | 80/sq mi (31/km2) |
| Climate | Af |
Livingston is noted for its mix of Garífuna, Afro-Caribbean, Maya and Ladino people and culture. In recent decades Livingston has developed a large tourist industry.
History
editLivingston is named after American jurist and politician Edward Livingston, who wrote the Livingston Codes, which - translated into Spanish by liberal leader José Francisco Barrundia - were used as the basis for the laws of the liberal government of the United Provinces of Central America in the early 19th century. However, this government did not come to fruition in Guatemala, because of the conservative and clerical revolution led by Rafael Carrera in 1838 that overthrew governor Mariano Gálvez and gave way to a conservative and Catholic regime that lasted until 1871.[3]
Franja Transversal del Norte
edit
In the 1960s, the importance of the region known as Franja Transversal del Norte was in livestock, exploitation of precious export wood and archaeological wealth. Timber contracts were granted to multinational companies, such as Murphy Pacific Corporation from California, which invested US$30 million for the colonization of southern Petén (department) and Alta Verapaz and formed the North Impulsadora Company. Colonization of the area was made through a process by which inhospitable areas of the Franja Transversal del Norte (FTN) were granted to native peasants.[4]
In 1964, the National Institute for Agrarian Transformation (INTA) defined the geography of the FTN as the northern part of the departments of Huehuetenango, Quiché, Alta Verapaz and Izabal and that same year priests of the Maryknoll order and the Order of the Sacred Heart began the first process of colonization, along with INTA, carrying settlers from Huehuetenango to the Ixcán sector in Quiché.[5]
The Northern Transversal Strip was officially created during the government of General Carlos Arana Osorio in 1970, by Decree 60-70 in the Congress, for agricultural development.[6] The area included within the municipalities: Santa Ana Huista, San Antonio Huista, Nentón, Jacaltenango, San Mateo Ixtatán, and Santa Cruz Barillas in Huehuetenango; Chajul and San Miguel Uspantán in Quiché; Cobán, Chisec, San Pedro Carchá, Lanquín, Senahú, Cahabón and Chahal, in Alta Verapaz and the entire department of Izabal.[7]
Economy
editAfrican palm oil
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There is high demand in Guatemala and some of its neighbors for edible oils and fats, which explains how the African palm oil became so popular in the country to the detriment of other oils, and which has allowed new companies associated to capitalize a new investment phase that can be found particularly in some of the territories that form the Northern Transversal Strip of Guatemala.[9] The investors are trying[when?] to turn Guatemala into one of the main palm oil exporters, in spite of the decline of its international price[when?]. The most active region is found in Chisec and Cobán, in Alta Verapaz Department; Ixcán in Quiché Department, and Sayaxché, Petén Department, where Palmas del Ixcán, S.A. (PALIX) is located, both with its own plantation and those of subcontractors. Another active region is that of Fray Bartolomé de las Casas and Chahal in Alta Verapaz Department; El Estor and Livingston, Izabal Department; and San Luis, Petén, where Naturaceites operates.[9]
Transport
editBoats run several times a day from Puerto Barrios, and twice a week on Tuesdays and Fridays from Punta Gorda, Belize. Boats also run every morning from Livingston to Punta Gorda. However, due to collusion between boat owners, the fares are much higher than passage from Puerto Barrios. There is another boat that transports tourists from Livingston in through Río Dulce; it runs every day. All access is via watercraft since there is no road link to the rest of Guatemala.
As of early 2014, foreign passengers arriving in Livingston still present their passports at the customs office, which is two blocks up the hill from the dock, on the left side of the street. One is entirely free to walk right past the customs office and forego this formality; however, doing so may subject one to significant delays and possible fines when one leaves Guatemala at any land crossing, port, or airport.
Languages
editA number of languages are spoken in Livingston including Spanish, Garifuna language, Mayan Qʼeqchiʼ, and English.
Notable people
edit- Guillermo Ramírez, footballer of Municipal, C.S.D. in the Guatemalan Football League
- Marvin Ávila, footballer of Shaanxi Neo-China Chanba F.C.
- Ricardo Trigueño, footballer of Deportivo Petapa in the Guatemalan Football League.
In films
editThe New Adventures of Tarzan (1935)
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In 1935, the film The New Adventures of Tarzan, was filmed on location in Guatemala, taking advantage of the help from the United Fruit Company and president Jorge Ubico.[10]
Terminator: Dark Fate (2019)
editLivingston briefly appears as the setting of an early scene in the 2019 film Terminator: Dark Fate. Sarah Connor and her teenage son John are hiding out there in 1998, following the events of the second movie.
Climate
editLivingston has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af).
| Climate data for Livingston | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.7 (74.7) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.0 (78.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
28.0 (82.4) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.6 (81.7) |
27.7 (81.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
26.6 (79.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
24.1 (75.4) |
26.4 (79.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 212 (8.3) |
125 (4.9) |
105 (4.1) |
131 (5.2) |
202 (8.0) |
433 (17.0) |
621 (24.4) |
486 (19.1) |
431 (17.0) |
346 (13.6) |
313 (12.3) |
231 (9.1) |
3,636 (143) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org[11] | |||||||||||||
Geographic location
editSee also
edit
Notes and references
editReferences
edit- ^ Citypopulation.de Population of departments and municipalities in Guatemala
- ^ Citypopulation.de Population of cities & towns in Guatemala
- ^ González Davison, Fernando (2008). La montaña infinita; Carrera, caudillo de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala: Artemis y Edinter. ISBN 978-84-89452-81-7.
- ^ Solano 2012, p. 12.
- ^ Solano 2012, p. 13.
- ^ "Franja Transversal del Norte". Wikiguate. Archived from the original on 31 October 2014. Retrieved 30 October 2014.
- ^ Solano 2012, p. 15.
- ^ Solano 2015, p. 6.
- ^ a b Solano 2015, p. 1
- ^ Barillas, Edgar (2013). "50 películas filmadas en Guatemala y una que no (1935-1996). Apuntes para una cartografía de los lugares filmados en Guatemala". Revista Historia de la Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (in Spanish). Guatemala. Archived from the original on October 22, 2015. Retrieved 22 October 2015.
- ^ "Climate:Livingston". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 19 August 2015.
- ^ a b SEGEPLAN (n.d.). "Municipios de Izabal, Guatemala". Secretaría General de Planificación (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 5 July 2015. Retrieved 5 July 2015.
Bibliography
edit- Solano, Luis (2012). Contextualización histórica de la Franja Transversal del Norte (FTN) (PDF) (in Spanish). Centro de Estudios y Documentación de la Frontera Occidental de Guatemala, CEDFOG. Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- Solano, Luis (15 July 2015). "Palma Africana" (PDF). Revista Enfoque (in Spanish) (36). Guatemala. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2015. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
External links
edit
Livingston (Guatemala) travel guide from Wikivoyage
