Wikipedia

List of oldest buildings in the Americas

This article lists the oldest known surviving buildings constructed in the Americas, including on each of the regions and within each country. "Building" is defined as any human-made structure used or interface for supporting or sheltering any use or continuous occupancy. In order to qualify for this list a structure must:

  • be a recognisable building;
  • incorporate features of building work from the claimed date to at least 1.5 metres (4.9 ft) in height;
  • be largely complete or include building work to this height for most of its perimeter.
  • contains an enclosed area with at least one entry point.

Pre-Columbian era

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Building Image Location Country or territory First built Use Notes
Sechin Bajo   Áncash   Peru 3500 BCE Administrative-ceremonial center A large archaeological site with ruins dating from 3500 BCE to 1300 BCE.[1]
Pyramids of Caral   Lima   Peru 2600 BCE Temples and houses Built by the Caral civilization, these pyramids predate the Egyptian pyramids by around 100 years.[2]
Los Naranjos   Yojoa   Honduras 2000 BCE Temples Oldest man built structures still surviving in Honduras constructed by ancestors of the Lencan people.[3]
Kotosh   Huánuco   Peru 1800 BCE Temple Archaeological site consisting of buildings with six periods of continuous occupation.[4]
La Venta   Tabasco   Mexico 1700 BCE Temples Oldest structures in the state of Tabasco Mexico.
El Chircal   La Paz   Honduras 1400 BCE Ceremonial center Pyramids of the pre-Classic period built by the Lencan people.
Garagay [es]   Lima   Peru 1400 BCE Temples One of the largest centers of pre-Columbian culture on Peru's central coast.[5]
Yucuita   Oaxaca   Mexico 1300 BCE Ceremonial center and a square Founded by the Mixtec civilization in the pre-Classic Period[6]
San José Mogote   Oaxaca   Mexico 1300 BCE Town San José Mogote was the largest and most important Zapotec settlement in the Valley of Oaxaca during the Early and Middle Formative periods.|[7]
Chavín de Huantar   Áncash   Peru 1200 BCE Religious center Occupation at Chavín de Huántar by the Chavín people has been carbon dated to at least 3000 BCE.[8]
Garðar Cathedral Ruins   Igaliku   Greenland 1126 CE Cathedral Oldest extant building of European origin in North America.[9]
Hvalsey Church   Hvalsey   Greenland 1300 CE Church The best preserved Norse ruins in Greenland.

16th century

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Building Image Location Country or territory First built Use Notes
Casa del Cordón   Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic 1502–1503 Isabelline Gothic house Oldest European stone house in the Americas and probably the first European two-story house.[10][11][12]
Remaining sections of the Santo Domingo City Walls   Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic 1502–1508 Fortification Oldest military construction of European origin in the Americas.[13][14]
Hospital San Nicolás de Bari   Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic 1503 Hospital Oldest hospital in the Americas. In ruins.[13][15]
Monasterio de San Francisco   Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic 1509–1560 Monastery Oldest monastery in the Americas.[13]
Church and Convent of los Dominicos   Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic 1510-1532 Convent and University Oldest Catholic building in continuous use in the Americas, and also, it was the headquarters of the first university in the Americas.[16][17]
Basilica Cathedral of Santa María la Menor   Santo Domingo   Dominican Republic 1514-1541 Cathedral First and oldest cathedral in the Americas, excluding Greenland.[18][13]
Palace of Cortés   Cuernavaca   Mexico 1523–1528 Palace Oldest extant colonial-era civil structure in the continental Americas.[19][20]
León Viejo   La Paz Centro   Nicaragua 1524 Town Oldest colonial buildings in Nicaragua
Church of San José   San Juan   Puerto Rico 1532–1735 Church Oldest extant building in Puerto Rico & the United States.[21][22]
La Fortaleza   San Juan   Puerto Rico 1533-1540 Official residence Oldest official residence in the Americas.[23]
Catedral Metropolitana Basílica de San Juan Bautista   San Juan, Puerto Rico   Puerto Rico 1540 Cathedral Oldest extant Cathedral in Puerto Rico & the United States.[24] Original founding & wood structure of church dates to 1521
Iglesia de Balbanera   Cajabamba   Ecuador 1534 Church Oldest extant building in Ecuador.
Iglesia de La Merced   Granada   Nicaragua 1534 Church Oldest extant building in Nicaragua.[25]
Church of Saints Cosme and Damião   Igarassu   Brazil 1535 Church Oldest extant building in Brazil.[26]
Cathedral Basilica of Lima   Lima   Peru 1535-1649 Cathedral Oldest extant building in Peru.[27]
Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco   Mexico City   Mexico 1536 College First and oldest European school of higher learning in the Americas. First major school of interpreters and translators in the Americas.[28][29]
Monasterio de Santo Domingo   Guatemala City   Guatemala 1538 Monastery Oldest extant building in Guatemala. In ruins.[30]
Real Audiencia de Gracias Gracias   Honduras 1544 Government building Oldest administrative building extant in Honduras.[31]
Santa Barbara Fortress   Trujillo   Honduras 1550-1553 Fortification Oldest military construction of European origin on the American mainland.[32]
Iglesia de San Francisco   Bogotá   Colombia 1557–1566 Church Oldest extant building in Colombia.[33]
Castle de la Real Fuerza   Havana   Cuba 1558–1577 Fortification It is considered to be the oldest stone fort in the Americas.
Metropolitan Cathedral of Sucre   Sucre   Bolivia 1559-1712 Cathedral Oldest extant building in Bolivia.[34]
La Merced Church   Comayagua   Honduras 1550-1561 Church Oldest church still standing in Honduras[35]
Immaculate Conception Cathedral   Comayagua   Honduras 1563-1715 Cathedral Oldest cathedral still standing in Honduras.[36][37]
Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción   Izalco   El Salvador 1569 Church Oldest extant building in El Salvador. In ruins.[38]
Iglesia de Nuestra Señora de la Limpia Concepción   Ujarrás   Costa Rica 1580s Church Oldest extant building in Costa Rica. Partially restored.[39][40]
Castillo San Felipe del Morro   San Juan, Puerto Rico   Puerto Rico 1589 to 1650 Fortification Oldest extant masonry fortification construction in Puerto Rico[41] & the United States.

17th century

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Building Image Location Country or territory First built Use Notes
Palace of the Governors   Santa Fe   United States 1610–1618 Palace Oldest extant building in the contiguous United States.[42]
King's Castle   St. George's Parish   Bermuda 1612 Fortification Ruined King's Castle ("Queen's Castle" during the reigns of Queens Anne and Victoria, and also called "Seaward Fort") on Castle Island (including its Captain's house, the oldest surviving dwelling house in Bermuda). Oldest extant building in Bermuda.[43]
Iglesia de San Francisco   Santiago   Chile 1618 Church Oldest extant building in Chile.[44]
State House   St. George's Town   Bermuda 1620 House of Assembly The State House was the first purpose-built home of the House of Assembly, which then constituted the only chamber of the Parliament of Bermuda. Other than fortifications, it was Bermuda's first stone building. It is the oldest surviving Bermudian building, again excepting some fortifications (St. Peter's Church was established in 1612, but rebuilt several times and its oldest parts are thought to date from the 1620s), and has been used since 1815 as a Masonic lodge.
St. Peter's Church   St. George's Town   Bermuda 1620s (established 1612) Church Oldest Protestant church in the "New World" (the Americas and certain Atlantic islands such as Bermuda). St. Peter's Church was the first of nine Parish churches established in Bermuda by the Church of England. It was originally built in 1612, but rebuilt several times and its oldest parts today are thought to date from the 1620s. The House of Assembly of Bermuda met in the church pending completion of the State House.
Carr's Bay Gun Battery   Little Bay   Montserrat 1624 Fortification Oldest extant building in Montserrat.
Fort Amsterdam   Philipsburg   Sint Maarten 1631 Fortification Oldest extant building in Sint Maarten and on the island of Saint Martin.
Fort Amsterdam   Willemstad   Curaçao 1634 Fortification Oldest extant building in Curaçao. Founded by the Dutch West India Company.[45]
Fort Oranje   Kralendijk   Bonaire 1639 Fortification Oldest extant building in Bonaire.[46]
Latouche House [fr]   Le Carbet   Martinique c. 1640 Residence Oldest building in Martinique. In ruins.[47] Located within the Martinique Zoo.[48]
Ursulines of Quebec   Quebec City, Quebec   Canada 1641–1642 Monastery Oldest extant building in Canada. Oldest institution of learning for women in North America.[49]
St. Thomas' Lowland Church   Saint Thomas Lowland Parish   Saint Kitts and Nevis 1643 Church Oldest extant building in Saint Kitts and Nevis.[50]
Biblioteca Palafoxiana   Puebla City   Mexico 1646–1773 Library First and oldest public library in the Americas.[51][52][53]
Drax Hall   Saint George   Barbados 1650s Residence Possibly the oldest extant building in Barbados.[54]
Fort Zeelandia   Paramaribo   Suriname 1651 Fortification Oldest extant building in Suriname.[55]
St Nicholas Abbey   Saint Peter   Barbados 1658 Residence Oldest extant building in Barbados with a verifiable date of construction.[56]
Fort Morgan Cay   Roatán   Honduras 1667 Fortification Oldest building of european origin in the Bay Islands in ruins.
Fort Christian   Charlotte Amelie   U.S. Virgin Islands 1672–1680 Fortification Oldest extant building in the United States Virgin Islands.
Castillo de San Marcos   St. Augustine, Florida   United States 1672–1695 Fortification Oldest extant masonry fortification in the contiguous United States.
White Horse Tavern   Newport, Rhode Island   United States 1673 Tavern Oldest extant tavern in the Americas.[57]
Iglesia de la Merced   Panama City   Panama 1680 Church Oldest extant building in Panama.[58]
Halse Hall Clarendon Parish   Jamaica 1680 Residence Oldest extant building in Jamaica.[59][60]
St. Ignatius Church   Buenos Aires   Argentina 1686-1722 Church Oldest extant building in Argentina.

18th century

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Building Image Location Country or territory First built Use Notes
Grenada National Museum   St. George's   Grenada 1704 Fortification Oldest extant building in Grenada. Served as a French barracks, British women's prison, hotel, warehouse, and is currently a museum.[61][62]
Mount Carmel House [fr] Saint-Claude   Guadeloupe 1726 Residence Oldest extant building in Guadeloupe.[63]
Mikvé Israel-Emanuel Synagogue   Willemstad   Curaçao 1730 Synagogue Oldest extant synagogue in the Americas.[64]
Fort Saint-Joseph   Fort-Liberté   Haiti 1735–1743 Fortification Oldest extant building in Haiti.[65]
Fort Montagu   Nassau   Bahamas 1741–1742 Fortification Oldest extant building in the Bahamas.[66]
Fort Zeelandia   Essequibo Islands-West Demerara   Guyana 1743 Fortification Oldest extant building in Guyana. In ruins.[67] Fort Kyk-Over-Al is older (built in 1616) but no longer fits the definition of a building.
French Guiana Prefecture Building   Cayenne   French Guiana 1749–1752 Monastery Oldest extant building in French Guiana. Currently serves as the seat of the Prefect of French Guiana.[68]
Court House   St. John's   Antigua and Barbuda 1750 Courthouse Oldest extant building in Antigua and Barbuda.[69]
Viola House   Asunción   Paraguay 1750–1758 Residence Oldest extant building in Paraguay.
Sambro Island Light   Sambro Island, Nova Scotia   Canada 1758 Lighthouse Oldest extant lighthouse in the Americas.[70]
Fort James   Plymouth   Trinidad and Tobago 1762 Fortification Oldest extant building in Trinidad and Tobago.[71]
Sandy Hook Light   Sandy Hook, New Jersey   United States 1764 Lighthouse Oldest extant lighthouse in the United States.[72]
Fort Young   Roseau   Dominica 1770 Fortification Oldest extant building in Dominica. Partially converted to a hotel in 1964.[73][74]
Fort Rodney   Pigeon Island   Saint Lucia 1779–1782 Fortification Oldest extant building in Saint Lucia.[75]
Pedro St. James Castle   Grand Cayman   Cayman Islands 1780 Residence Oldest extant building in the Cayman Islands. Restored in 1996.[76]
Governors' House   Gustavia   Saint Barthélemy 1780 Residence Oldest extant building in Saint Barthélemy. Originally a private residence, it became the Governors' House of Saint Barthélemy in 1785.
Wallblake House   The Valley   Anguilla 1787 Residence Oldest extant building in Anguilla.[77]
Fort Louis   Marigot   Saint Martin 1789 Fortification Oldest extant building in Saint Martin.
Wade's Green Plantation North Caicos   Turks and Caicos Islands 1789 Residence Oldest extant building on the Turks and Caicos Islands. In ruins.[78][79]
Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral   Montevideo   Uruguay 1790–1804 Cathedral Oldest extant building in Uruguay.
Fort Zoutman   Oranjestad   Aruba 1796–1798 Fortification Oldest extant building in Aruba. Founded by the Dutch West India Company.
House of Assembly   Kingstown   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1798 Parliament Oldest extant building in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.[80]

19th century

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Building Image Location Country or territory First built Use Notes
Russian-American Magazin   Kodiak   United States 1805–1808 General store Oldest extant building of Russian origin in the Americas.[81]
St. John's Cathedral   Belize City   Belize 1812–1820 Cathedral Oldest extant building in Belize.
Central Stores   Stanley   Falkland Islands 1844 General store Oldest extant building in the Falkland Islands.[82]
Our Lady of Ardilliers Church   Miquelon-Langlade   Saint Pierre and Miquelon 1862–1865 Church Oldest extant building in Saint Pierre and Miquelon.[83][84]

See also

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References

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  9. ^ Larson, Laurence M. "The Church in North America (Greenland) in the Middle Ages", The Catholic Historical Review, 1919. Retrieved on 19 August 2017.
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