List of historical separatist movements in Europe

This is a list of historical separatist movements in Europe. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Criteria

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What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are no longer an active movement with active members.
  2. They are demanded greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They were citizens/people of the conflict area and did not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

List

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Albania

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Belgium

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Bulgaria

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Czech Republic

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Finland

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France

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Germany

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Greece

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(Gained independence from the Ottoman Empire after the Greek War of Independence)

Ireland

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(See also under UK, for pre-division Ireland)

Italy

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North Macedonia

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Albanian-inhabited communities in SR Macedonia and the Republic of Macedonia
Serbian-inhabited communities in the Republic of Macedonia

Ottoman Empire

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Poland

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Russian Empire and Russian Provisional Government

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  Armenia

  Azerbaijan

  Bashkortostan

  Belarus

   Crimea

  Don

  Estonia

  Finland

  Georgia

  Idel-Ural

  North Ingermanland

   Karelia

  Kuban

  Latvia

  Lithuania

  Moldova

  Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus

  Poland

Transcaucasia

  Ukraine

Slovakia

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Soviet Union

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Spain

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Sweden

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United Kingdom

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Isle of Man

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Yugoslavia

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Republic of Kosovo (AP Kosovo and Metohija, SR Serbia, FR Yugoslavia)
Preševo Valley (SR Serbia, FR Yugoslavia)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Jürgen Hannig: Die Saar 1945–1955 / La Sarre 1945–1955, Separatisten - Nationalisten? Zum Abstimmungskampf 1955, pp. 381–396, Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1995, doi.org/10.1515/9783486829563-035 (German).
  2. ^ Janusz Bugajski (1994). Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties. M.E. Sharpe. p. 122. ISBN 9781563242823.