The Padma Bhushan is the third-highest civilian award of the Republic of India.[1] Instituted on 2 January 1954, the award is given for "distinguished service of a high order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.[2] The recipients receive a Sanad, a certificate signed by the President of India and a circular-shaped medallion with no monetary association. The recipients are announced every year on Republic Day (26 January) and registered in The Gazette of India—a publication used for official government notices and released weekly by the Department of Publication, under the Ministry of Urban Development.[3] The conferral of the award is not considered official without its publication in the Gazette. The name of recipient, whose award have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, is archived and they are required to surrender their medal when their name is struck from the register;[4] none of the conferments of Padma Bhushan during 1980–1989 have been revoked or restored. The recommendations are received from all the state and the union territory governments, as well as from Ministries of the Government of India, the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan awardees, the Institutes of Excellence, the Ministers, the Chief Ministers and the Governors of State, and the Members of Parliament including private individuals.[3]
| Padma Bhushan | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | National Civilian |
| Country | India |
| Presented by |  Government of India |
| Ribbon |  |
| Obverse | A centrally located lotus flower is embossed and the text "Padma" written in Devanagari script is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus. |
| Reverse | A platinum State Emblem of India placed in the centre with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script |
| Established | 1954 |
| First awarded | 1954 |
| Total | 133 |
| Website | http://www.padmaawards.gov.in/  |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) |  Padma Vibhushan |
| Next (lower) |  Padma Shri |
When instituted in 1954, the Padma Bhushan was classified as "Dusra Varg" (Class II) under the three-tier Padma Vibhushan awards, which were preceded by the Bharat Ratna in hierarchy. On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards as the Padma Vibhushan, the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[3] The criteria included "distinguished service of a high order in any field including service rendered by Government servants", but excluded those working with the public sector undertakings with the exception of doctors and scientists. The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards; this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute.[4] The design was also changed to the form that is currently in use; it portrays a circular-shaped toned bronze medallion 1+3⁄4 inches (44 mm) in diameter and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick. The centrally placed pattern made of outer lines of a square of 1+3⁄16 inches (30 mm) side is embossed with a knob carved within each of the outer angles of the pattern. A raised circular space of diameter 1+1⁄16 inches (27 mm) is placed at the centre of the decoration. A centrally located lotus flower is embossed on the obverse side of the medal and the text "Padma" is placed above and the text "Bhushan" is placed below the lotus written in Devanagari script. The State Emblem of India is displayed in the centre of the reverse side, together with the national motto of India, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari script, which is inscribed on the lower edge. The rim, the edges and all embossing on either side is of standard gold with the text "Padma Bhushan" of gold gilt. The medal is suspended by a pink riband 1+1⁄4 inches (32 mm) in width with a broad white stripe in the middle.[3][4] It is ranked fifth in the order of precedence of wearing of medals and decorations of the Indian civilian and military awards.[a]
After assuming office as Prime Minister of India in 1977, Morarji Desai withdrew all the civilian awards, reckoning them as "worthless and politicized".[6] As a result, the Padma Bhushan award was not conferred to any person from 1978 until 1980 when the suspension was rescinded on 25 January by Indira Gandhi, Desai's predecessor who had returned to office. Cricketer Sunil Gavaskar became the first recipient of the award since its restoration in 1980; he was the only person awarded in that year.[7]
A total of 134 awards were presented in the 1980s. Only one award was conferred in 1980 which was later followed by nine in 1981, fifteen in 1982, seventeen in 1983, eighteen in 1984, twenty-one in 1985, fourteen in 1986, twelve in 1987, thirteen in 1988, and fourteen in 1989. The Padma Bhushan in the 1980s was also conferred upon ten foreign recipients – four from the United Kingdom, three from the United States, and one each from Denmark, France, and Japan. Individuals from nine different fields were awarded, which includes twenty-eight from literature and education, twenty-five from civil services, twenty-three artists, twenty from science and engineering, thirteen from medicine, ten from public affairs, eight from social work, four from trade and industry, and three from sportspersons.[8] Pushpa Mittra Bhargava, scientist and founder-director of Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB) who had received the award in 1986 in the field of medicine, returned it in 2015 in protest of the Dadri mob lynching and out of concern at the "prevailing socio-politico situation" in the country.[9]
Recipients
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# Indicates a posthumous honour
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| Year | Recipient | Field | State |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Sunil Gavaskar | Sports | Maharashtra |
| 1981 | Vainu Bappu | Science & Engineering | Tamil Nadu |
| 1981 | Prafulla Desai | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1981 | Mekhala Jha | Social Work | Bihar |
| 1981 | A. P. J. Abdul Kalam | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1981 | Gopinath Mohanty | Literature & Education | Orissa |
| 1981 | Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya | Civil Service | West Bengal |
| 1981 | Amritlal Nagar | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1981 | Mrinal Sen | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1981 | Avabai Bomanji Wadia | Social Work | Maharashtra |
| 1982 | Jasbir Singh Bajaj | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1982 | S. Balachander | Arts | Tamil Nadu |
| 1982 | Gottipati Brahmaiah | Social Work | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1982 | Rani Gaidinliu | Social Work | Nagaland |
| 1982 | Khadim Hussain Khan | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1982 | Stella Kramrisch | Literature & Education | —[A] |
| 1982 | Jal Minocher Mehta | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1982 | Grace Louise McCann Morley | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1982 | Atam Prakash | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1982 | Syed Zahoor Qasim | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1982 | Arnee Sreenivasan Ramakrishnan | Medicine | Tamil Nadu |
| 1982 | Kamal Ranadive | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1982 | P. N. Pattabhirama Sastri | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1982 | Jhabarmal Sharma | Literature & Education | Rajasthan |
| 1982 | Ajit Ram Verma | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1983 | Richard Attenborough | Arts | —[B] |
| 1983 | Doraiswamy Iyengar | Arts | Karnataka |
| 1983 | V. G. Jog | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1983 | Suraj Parkash Malhotra | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1983 | Nagendra | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1983 | K. Sankaran Nair | Civil Service | Kerala |
| 1983 | Prem Nazir | Arts | Kerala |
| 1983 | Swraj Paul | Social Work | —[B] |
| 1983 | Dr. Rajkumar | Arts | Karnataka |
| 1983 | K. G. Ramanathan | Literature & Education | Maharashtra |
| 1983 | Kershasp Tehmurasp Satarawala | Civil Service | Goa |
| 1983 | Subodh Chandra Sengupta | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1983 | Adi M. Sethna | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1983 | Arun Kumar Sharma | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1983 | Benudhar Sharma[i]# | Literature & Education | Assam |
| 1983 | Bhalindra Singh | Sports | Delhi |
| 1983 | Umrao Singh | Civil Service | Punjab |
| 1984 | Horace Alexander | Literature & Education | —[A] |
| 1984 | Shrinarayan Chaturvedi | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1984 | Chandrashekhar Lohumi | Science & Engineering | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1984 | Michael Ferreira | Sports | Maharashtra |
| 1984 | Sivaji Ganesan | Arts | Tamil Nadu |
| 1984 | Jnan Prakash Ghosh | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1984 | Kotha Satchidananda Murthy | Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1984 | Hanumanthappa Narasimhaiah | Literature & Education | Karnataka |
| 1984 | Sripada Pinakapani | Arts | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1984 | Ishwari Prasad | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1984 | B. C. Sanyal | Arts | Madhya Pradesh |
| 1984 | Marie Seton | Literature & Education | —[B] |
| 1984 | Archana Sharma | Medicine | West Bengal |
| 1984 | Obaid Siddiqi | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1984 | Kanwar Natwar Singh | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1984 | Ganda Singh | Literature & Education | Punjab |
| 1984 | Vijay Tendulkar | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1984 | Baldev Upadhyaya | Literature & Education | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1985 | Rais Ahmed | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1985 | Durga Das Basu | Public Affairs | West Bengal |
| 1985 | Shiba P. Chatterjee | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1985 | Eknath Vasant Chitnis | Science & Engineering | Gujarat |
| 1985 | Virender Lal Chopra | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1985 | Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1985 | Santidev Ghosh | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1985 | Surinder Singh Gill | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1985 | Bhimsen Joshi | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1985 | Sadat Abul Masud | Public Affairs | West Bengal |
| 1985 | Kalanidhi Narayanan | Arts | Tamil Nadu |
| 1985 | Bernard Peters | Science & Engineering | —[C] |
| 1985 | Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai | Literature & Education | Kerala |
| 1985 | Gopala Ramanujam | Social Work | Tamil Nadu |
| 1985 | Sivaraj Ramseshan | Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
| 1985 | Vuppuluri Ganapathi Sastry | Literature & Education | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1985 | Amarjit Singh | Civil Service | Rajasthan |
| 1985 | Tribhuvandas Luhar (Sundaram) | Literature & Education | Puducherry |
| 1985 | Gurbachan Singh Talib | Literature & Education | Punjab |
| 1985 | Bhalchandra Udgaonkar | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1985 | Srinivasan Varadarajan | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1986 | V. S. R. Arunachalam | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1986 | Pushpa Mittra Bhargava | Medicine | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1986 | Ela Bhatt | Social Work | Gujarat |
| 1986 | Manohar Lal Chibber | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1986 | Nasir Aminuddin Daggar | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1986 | Venkataraman Krishnamurthy | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1986 | Jean Riboud | Public Affairs | —[D] |
| 1986 | Sidney Dillon Ripley | Science & Engineering | —[A] |
| 1986 | Rajeev Sethi | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1986 | Martand Singh | Public Affairs | Delhi |
| 1986 | C. Venkataraman Sundaram | Science & Engineering | Tamil Nadu |
| 1986 | Badri Nath Tandon | Medicine | Delhi |
| 1986 | Gulshan Lal Tandon | Civil Service | West Bengal |
| 1986 | Ram Krishna Trivedi | Public Affairs | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1987 | Nalapat Balamani Amma | Literature & Education | Kerala |
| 1987 | Kishori Amonkar | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1987 | Srinivasa Anandaram | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1987 | Nikhil Banerjee[ii]# | Arts | West Bengal |
| 1987 | Roddam Narasimha | Science & Engineering | Karnataka |
| 1987 | R. D. Pradhan | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
| 1987 | Annada Shankar Ray | Literature & Education | West Bengal |
| 1987 | Julio Ribeiro | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
| 1987 | Man Mohan Sharma | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1987 | Laxmi Prasad Sihare | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1987 | Farokh Udwadia | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1987 | Mohammad Yunus | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1988 | Kushok Bakula | Public Affairs | Delhi |
| 1988 | Ram Prakash Bambah | Science & Engineering | Chandigarh |
| 1988 | Kartar Singh Duggal | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1988 | Ashok Sekhar Ganguly | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 1988 | Abid Hussain | Civil Service | Delhi |
| 1988 | Shreyans Prasad Jain | Social Work | Maharashtra |
| 1988 | Kelucharan Mohapatra | Arts | Orissa |
| 1988 | Bal Ram Nanda | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1988 | Akkineni Nageswara Rao | Arts | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1988 | Pratury Trirumala Rao | Medicine | Andhra Pradesh |
| 1988 | Renuka Ray | Public Affairs | West Bengal |
| 1988 | B. V. Sreekantan | Science & Engineering | Maharashtra |
| 1988 | Satya Pal Wahi | Trade & Industry | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1989 | Fenner Brockway[iii]# | Public Affairs | —[B] |
| 1989 | Banoo Jehangir Coyaji | Medicine | Maharashtra |
| 1989 | Girija Devi | Arts | Uttar Pradesh |
| 1989 | Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar | Arts | Maharashtra |
| 1989 | Girilal Jain | Literature & Education | Delhi |
| 1989 | Anna Rajam Malhotra | Civil Service | Maharashtra |
| 1989 | M. V. Mathur | Science & Engineering | Rajasthan |
| 1989 | Ashesh Prasad Mitra | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1989 | Russi Mody | Trade & Industry | Jharkhand |
| 1989 | Suresh Shankar Nadkarni | Trade & Industry | Maharashtra |
| 1989 | Narinder Singh Randhawa | Science & Engineering | Delhi |
| 1989 | Yoshio Sakurauchi | Public Affairs | —[E] |
| 1989 | Lakshman Singh | Public Affairs | Maharashtra |
| 1989 | Prakash Narain Tandon | Medicine | Delhi |
Explanatory notes
edit- ^ The order of precedence is: Bharat Ratna, Param Vir Chakra, Ashoka Chakra, Padma Vibhushan and Padma Bhushan.[5]
- ^ Benudhar Sharma died on 26 February 1981, at the age of 86.
- ^ Nikhil Banerjee died on 27 January 1986, at the age of 54.
- ^ Fenner Brockway died on 28 April 1988, at the age of 99.
- Foreign recipients
References
edit- ^ "PV Sindhu recommended for Padma Bhushan, India's third highest civilian award, by sports ministry". Firstpost. 25 September 2017. Archived from the original on 26 December 2017. Retrieved 26 December 2017.
- ^ Lal, Shavax A. (1954). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 2 January 1954): 2. Archived from the original (PDF) on 14 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
The President is pleased to institute an award to be designated 'Padma Vibhushan' in three classes, namely: 'Pahela Varg', 'Dusra Varg' and 'Tisra Varg'
- ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Scheme" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 28 September 2015.
- ^ a b c Ayyar, N. M. (1955). "The Gazette of India—Extraordinary—Part I" (PDF). The Gazette of India. The President's Secretariat (published 15 January 1955): 8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 31 March 2018.
All persons upon whom the decoration of 'Padma Vibhushan' ('Dusra Varg') was conferred under the Regulations issued with Notification No. 2-Pres./54, dated the 2nd January, 1954, shall, for all purposes of these regulations, be deemed to be persons on whom the decoration of Padma Bhushan has been conferred by the President.
- ^ "Wearing of Medals: Precedence Of Medals". Indian Army. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2015.
- ^ Mukul, Akshaya (20 January 2008). "The great Bharat Ratna race". The Times of India. Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ Bhattacherje, S. B. (2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers. p. A248, A253. ISBN 978-81-207-4074-7. Archived from the original on 11 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d "Padma Awards Directory (1954–2014)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 21 May 2014. pp. 72–94. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
- ^ Mallikarjun, Y. (12 November 2015). "P.M. Bhargava sends back Padma Bhushan award to President". The Hindu. Hyderabad. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ "Sunil Gavaskar Profile@espncricinfo". ESPN Cricinfo. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- "Sunil Gavaskar Profile@cricbuzz". Cricbuzz. Retrieved 31 May 2016.
- ^ "Obituary: Richard Attenborough". BBC News. 24 August 2014. Archived from the original on 13 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ "Professor K. G. Ramanathan" (PDF). Indian Academy of Sciences. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ "Vijay Tendulkar, voice of social stage, is dead". The Telegraph. Mumbai/Pune. 20 May 2008. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2016.
- ^ "Ela Ramesh Bhatt Biography". Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation. September 1977. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ "Prof. Roddam Narasimha,FRS". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 12 May 2008. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- "Profile: Roddam Narasimha". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 5 April 2016. Archived from the original on 13 May 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- "Books by Roddam Narasimha". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 4 February 2016. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- "Scientific Papers by Roddam Narasimha". Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research. 16 May 2016. Archived from the original on 11 August 2016. Retrieved 1 June 2016.
- ^ Simkin, John. "British Journalist: Fenner Brockway". Spartacus Educational Publishers. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
- ^ "Former CSIR chief dead". The Hindu. 4 September 2007. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
- "A P Mitra, Former DGCSIR, passes away". National Aerospace Laboratories. 3–9 September 2007. Archived from the original on 29 January 2014. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
- Science & Society in the Twenty First Century: Quest for Excellence : the Road Ahead. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. 2004. p. 246. ISBN 978-81-7236-307-9.
- ^ "History of The Japan-India Association". Japan-India Association. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
External links
edit- Official website
- "Awards and medals". Ministry of Home Affairs (India). 14 September 2015. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 22 October 2015.