Wikipedia

List of Chinese flags

This article is about the flags used by various Chinese regimes. For the flags used in the Taiwan Area controlled by the Republic of China, see List of Taiwanese flags. For the current flag of the People's Republic of China, see Flag of China. For the current flag of the Republic of China, see Flag of the Republic of China.

This is a list of flags of entities named or related to "China".

People's Republic of China

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National flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1 October 1949 – present Flag of the People's Republic of China[1] A red field, with a large gold star with four smaller stars to the right at the canton. This flag is flown in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau.

Special administrative regions flags

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Main articles: Flag of Hong Kong and Flag of Macau
Flag Duration Use Description
  1 July 1997 – present Flag of Hong Kong[2] A white, five-petal Bauhinia blakeana on a red field with 1 star on each of the petals. The Chinese name of Bauhinia × blakeana has also been frequently shortened as 紫荊/紫荆 (洋 yáng means "foreign" in Chinese, and this would be deemed inappropriate by the PRC government), although 紫荊/紫荆 refers to another genus called Cercis. A statue of the plant has been erected in Golden Bauhinia Square in Hong Kong.
  20 December 1999 – present Flag of Macau[3] A lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars on a green field

Military flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1948–present Flag of the People's Liberation Army[4] A red field with a yellow star at the canton, and the Chinese numerals for "8" and "1", the date of the PLA's establishment on 1 August 1927.
  1992–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Ground Force[4] The PLA flag with a green stripe at the bottom.
  1950s Jack of the People's Liberation Army Navy[5] The red flag with PLA emblem and a blue stripe in the center.
  1992–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Navy[4] The PLA flag with 5 horizontal lines, 3 blue and 2 white at the bottom, representing the sea.
  1992–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Air Force[4] The PLA flag with a blue stripe at the bottom, representing the sky.
  2016–present Ensign of the People's Liberation Army Rocket Force[6][7] The PLA flag with a gold yellow stripe at the bottom, representing the flare of missile launching.
  2018–present Flag of the People's Armed Police Force[8] The PLA flag with three green bars at the bottom.

Civil flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
 
 		 1949–present Flag of Young Pioneers of China[9] Red flag with yellow five-pointed star and torch in the middle.
  1922–present Flag of Communist Youth League of China[10] Red flag with encircled yellow five-pointed star.
  1950s–present Flag of the Customs of the People's Republic of China[11] The caduceus crossed with a golden key is added to flag of the People's Republic of China.
  2018–present Flag of the China Fire and Rescue Service[12] Bicolor flag in red and blue with the badge of the China Fire and Rescue Service at the top and the bilingual text "Flag of China Fire and Rescue" at the bottom.
  2020–present Flag of the People's Police of the People's Republic of China[13] Red flag with a blue stripe in the bottom and the badge of the People's Police in the canton.
  ?–present Flag of the China Maritime Safety Administration
  2021–present Flag of the National Immigration Administration of China[14] Red flag with the organization's logo and a blue wall.
  1945–1979[citation needed] Flag of Inner-Mongolian Autonomous Government [15] A red five-pointed star above a hoe and a horse pole that are crossed, symbolizing the unity of farmers and herdsmen in Inner Mongolia to for equal autonomy under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party.

City flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1997 Flag of Ningbo[16]
June 1988 – December 1997 Flag of Nanjing[16]
March 2006 – present Flag of Kaifeng[16]
2009 – present Flag of Shangrao[16]

Political flags

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Further information: Emblem of the Chinese Communist Party
Flag Duration Use Description
  1996–present Flag of the Chinese Communist Party[17] A red flag with a golden Party emblem on it.[17]
  1921–1996 Flag of the Chinese Communist Party Communist hammer and sickle.
  1927–1964 Flag of the Chinese Peasants' Association Plough flag
  1925–1953 Flag of the China Party for Public Interest Stylized "井" in canton

Flags of Political Groups and Separatist Movements

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See also: List of political parties in China, Secession in China, and List of Hong Kong flags § Political flags
Flag Duration Use Description
  2008–2009 Flag of the Maoist Communist Party of China Red flag featuring a portrait of young Mao Zedong on the top left.
  1989 Flag of the Beijing Students' Autonomous Federation[18] A flag created by students present during the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests.
  1997–present Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Party
  1959–present Flag of the Central Tibetan Administration Same as the previous flag of Tibet.
  1933–present The Kök Bayraq, flag of the East Turkestan independence movement First adopted as the flag of the First East Turkestan Republic (1933-1934). Now also used by the East Turkistan Government-in-Exile.
  1988–present Flags of the Turkistan Islamic Party

Proposed national flags of the People's Republic of China

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In July 1949, a contest was announced for a national flag for the newly founded People's Republic of China (PRC). From a total of about 3,000 proposed designs, 38 finalists were chosen. In September, the current flag, submitted by Zeng Liansong, was officially adopted, with the hammer and sickle removed.[19]

Alternative proposals

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    Zeng Liansong's original proposal for the PRC flag[20]
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    Mao Zedong's proposal for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River[21]
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    Proposal 2 for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River and the Yangtze River
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    Proposal 3 for the PRC flag symbolizing the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River
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    Proposal 4 for the PRC flag

Selection of proposals

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    Design by Ai Qing
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    Design by Bao Qiquan
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    Design by Chen Duo
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    Design by Chen Lu
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    Design by Guo Moruo
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    Design by Guo Moruo
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    Design by Hu Yuanqing
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    Design by Jiang Dazhong
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    Design by Kang Jian
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    Design by Liang Congjie
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    Design by Luo Wen
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    Design by Mo Hongshu
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    Design by Mo Zongjiang
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    Design by Pang Xunqin
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    Design by Wu Yuzhang
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    Design by Wu Yuzhang
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    Design by Xiao Shufang
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    Design by Xiao Shufang
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    Design by Xiao Shuhua
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    Design by Xiao Shuhua
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    Design by Yan Xinghua
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    Design by Yang Taiyang
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    Design by Yang Taiyang
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    Design by Yu Zhuosheng
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    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling
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    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling
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    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling
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    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling
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    Design by Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling
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    Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan
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    Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling and Zhou Guangyuan
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    Design by Zhang Ding, Zhong Ling, Zhou Guangyuan and Xiao Shuhua
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    Design by Zhu De
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House flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
1984–present House flag of China Merchants Group[22]
  1951–1984
  1960–1993 House flag of COSCO

Historical socialist states

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1931–34 Flag used in the Minxi Soviet Government [zh] A red star and black hammer and sickle on the top-left corner.
  1931–34 Jiangxi Soviet republic flag A red star and hammer and sickle along with Chinese characters for "Chinese Communists" (Zhonggong, 中共) written in classical word order, i.e., read from the right.
  1931–34 Flag of the Chinese Soviet Republic[23] Red flag with the national emblem in the center.
  1933–34 Flag of the Fujian People's Government A horizontal bicolour of red and blue and charged with a yellow five-pointed star in the center.
  1928–41 Flag used in the Qiongya Soviet Government [zh]

Historical military flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1931 Flag of the Northeast Righteous and Brave Army[24] Red flag with the text "東北義勇軍" and a star.
  Flag of the Third Army of the Shandong People's Anti-Japanese Salvation Army[25]
1927–1928 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[5] Same as the 1928 version, but the left side reads "工農革命軍" (China Workers'/Peasants' Revolutionary Army). Divisions were added, for example "第二軍第一師" (Second Army, 1st Division).
  1928–1930 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[24] Left side reads "中國工農紅軍" (Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army).
1930 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army Same as the 1928 version, but the left side has no characters and the top reads "全世界無產階級聯合起來" ("Proletariats of the world, unite!").
  1930–1931 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[5] Same as April 1930 version but top reads "全世界無產階級及被壓迫民族聯合起來" ("Proletariats and oppressed peoples of the world, unite!").
  1931–1934 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[5] Same as 1934 version but with blank white left side and colored fringe around the edges (6 variants – red for infantry, yellow for cavalry, black for artillery, white for engineering, blue for logistics, green for medical).
  1934–1937 Flag of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army[23]
  1937–1947 Flag of the Eighth Route Army (18th Group Army)[24] in use by communist forces in the Second United Front during the Second Sino Japanese War National Revolutionary Army unit flag with text "國民革命軍第十八集團軍" (National Revolutionary Army 18th Group Army) on the side.

Republic of China

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National flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  9 December 1928 – present Flag of the Republic of China[26] Commonly known as "Taiwan". A red field, with a blue canton containing a 12-ray white sun. This flag flew over mainland China until 1949, and is presently flown on the island of Taiwan and other islands under the control of the ROC. This flag can sometimes be seen in Mainland China, for historical and unofficial use.
  1950–present Flag of the Republic of China (vertical) Vertical red banner; in the canton, a Blue Sky with a White Sun pointing upward on a blue field.
  1940–1943 Flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet rebel government until 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place. The pennant reads "Peace, Anti-Communism, National Construction".
  1940–1943 Flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet rebel government until 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place. The pennant reads "Peace, Anti-Communism".
  1940–1943 Flag of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet rebel government until 1943 when the pennant was removed and the regular ROC flag took its place. The pennant reads "Peace, National Construction".
  1912–1928 First flag of the Republic of China, or "Five-colored flag" It was widely flown even before the Republic of China in Shanghai and eastern parts of north China until 1928. The stripe representation: red for Han Chinese, yellow for Manchus, blue for Mongols, white for Hui and black for Tibetans. Later used by the Japanese puppet states of the East Hebei Autonomous Government, the Chinese Provisional Government.
  1938–1940

Flag of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China

  1916 Flag of Empire of China. The version with the red saltire was more commonly used than the version with the red centered cross.
  1916 Variant flag of Empire of China.

Regional government flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1911–1912 Flag of the Great Han Sichuan Military Government.[27]
  1911–1912 Bagua flag of the Shanxi Provincial Military Governmentzh

Standards

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Head of state

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1988–present Standard of the president of the Republic of China
  1929–1988 Old standard of the president of the Republic of China
  1927–1928 Commander-in-chief flag of the Republic of China (Beiyang government)

Vice president

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1947–1986 Standard of the Vice President of the Republic of China Abolished with the Act of Ensign of the Republic of China Navy (海軍旗章條例) on 3 January 1986.

Other high executive officials

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1929–2003 A common flag for all ROC high executive officials

Military flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1986–present Flag of the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China (Republic of China Armed Forces)[28]
  1986–present Flag of the Chief of the General Staff (Republic of China Armed Forces)[28]
  1924–present Flag of the Republic of China Military Police
  1945–present Flag of the Republic of China Armed Forces Reserve[28]
  1946–2012 Flag of the Republic of China Joint Logistics Command
  1945–1992 Flag of the Taiwan Garrison Command

Army

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1924–present Flag of the Republic of China Army (formerly National Revolutionary Army) The Blue Sky with a White Sun with a red border.
  Flag of the Army commander
  Senior General's Flag
  General's Flag
  Lieutenant General's Flag
  Major General's Flag
  Colonel's Flag
 
 		 1911–1928 Flag of the Wuchang uprising; army flag of the Republic of China The banner of the Wuchang uprising of 10 October 1911, subsequently used as the flag of the army of the Republic of China, c. 1913–28.
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Flag Duration Use Description
Naval ensign
  1912–present Ensign of the Republic of China Navy
  1942–1945 Ensign of the Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China. Used by the Japanese puppet government from 1 May 1942 until the end of the regime.
  1911 First Naval Ensign of the Republic of China
Naval jack
  1928–present Naval jack of the Republic of China Navy Identical to the Kuomintang flag (see below).
  1940–1945 Naval jack of Reorganized National Government of the Republic of China Used by the Japanese puppet government from 1940 until the end of the regime. The pennant reads "Kuomintang".
  1912–1928 Naval jack of the Republic of China Navy
Rank flags
  Commanding General of Navy Flag
  1912– Senior Admiral's Flag
  1912– Admiral's Flag
  1912– Vice Admiral's Flag
  1912– Rear Admiral's Flag
  Captain's Flag
  1912– Flag of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners
  1924– Battle Fleet Leader's Pennant
  1962– Navigating Battle Ship Pennant
  1924– Commission Pennant
  1912– Duty Pennant
  1986– ROCN Unit Flag

Air Force

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1981–present Flag of the Republic of China Air Force
  1948–1981 Old flag of the Republic of China Air Force
  1937–1948 Old flag of the Republic of China Air Force
  Commanding General of Air Force Flag
  Senior General's Flag
  General's Flag
  Lieutenant General's Flag
  Major General's Flag
  Colonel's Flag
  1986–present Air force units flag model
  1981-1986
  1962-1981
  1958-1962
  1948-1958

Marine Corps

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Flag Duration Use Description
  Flag of the Republic of China Marine Corps
  General's Flag
  Lieutenant General's Flag
  Major General's Flag
  Colonel's Flag
  Republic of China Marine Corps Unit Flag In use since 1986

Combined Logistics Command

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1973–2012 Flag of the Republic of China Combined Service Force
  1964–1979
  1960–1964
  1958–1960
  1956–1958
  1952–1956

National Defense University

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Flag Duration Use Description
  2014–present Banner of the Military College of the National Defense University
  2014–present The banner of the Military College of Command and Staff of the National Defense University
  2014–present Naval Command and Staff College Flag
  2014–present Air Command and Staff College Flag
  2014–present National Defense Medical Center Flag
  2014–present Flag of Fu Hsing Kang College
  2014–present Chung Cheng Institute of Technology Flag
  2014–present Flag of the Higher School of Management of the National Defense University
  2000-2014 Old banner of the Military College of the National Defense University
  1968-2000 Old flag of the National Defense University

Coast Guard Administration

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Flag Duration Use Description
  2000–present Flag of the Coast Guard Administration of the Republic of China
  2000–present Flag of the Minister of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
  2000–present Flag of the Director of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
  2000–present Flag of the Nansha Commander of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
  2000–present Flag of the Director General of Coast Guard of the Republic of China
  2000–present Unit Flag of Coast Guard of Republic of China
  1925–1928 Ensign of Coastal Defense of Republic of China

Police

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1974–present Flag of police of the Republic of China
  1947–1974 Flag of police of the Republic of China Flag of the Republic of China defaced with the golden pigeon in the fly.
  1932–1947 Flag of police of the Republic of China.
  1912–1928 Flag of police of the Republic of China
  1974–present Flag of National Police Agency
  1974–present Flag of Central Police University
  1974–present Flag of Volunteer Police of the Republic of China
  1974–present Flag of Director-General of ROC Police
  1974–present Flag of Commissioner of Direct-controlled municipality of ROC Police
  1932–1949 Flag of Voluntary Police of the Republic of China

Water Police

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1928–1949 Ensign of the Chinese Water Police
  1912–1928 Ensign of the Chinese Water Police

Fire Service

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1996–present Flag of fire service of the Republic of China
  1996–present Unit Flag of Fire Service

Rescue aviation

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Flag Duration Use Description
  2005–present Flag of the National Airborne Service Corps

Ministries

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Flag Duration Use Description
  Flag of the Sports Administration
  Flag of the Ministry of Transportation and Communications
  Flag of the Ministry of Education
  2014–present Flag of the Ministry of Finance
  1950–2014 Previously used as flag of the Inspector-General of Customs during 1929–50. Green background with yellow saltire superimposed by "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag.
  Flag of the Ministry of Health and Welfare

Councils

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Flag Duration Use Description
Flag of the Atomic Energy Council
  Flag of the Veterans Affairs Council
  Flag of the Overseas Community Affairs Council
  Flag of the National Communications Commission
  Flag of the National Development Council

Agency

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Flag Duration Use Description
  Flag of Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau of the Republic of China Not in use since Taiwan Area National Bureau merged into Freeway Bureau in 2018.
  Flag of Civil Aeronautics Administration of the Republic of China
  Flag of Bureau of High Speed Rail of the Republic of China Not in use since Bureau of High Speed Rail merged into Railway Bureau in 2018.
  Flag of Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau, MOTC, Republic of China Not in use since Taiwan Area National Expressway Engineering Bureau merged into Freeway Bureau in 2018.
  Flag of Institute of Transportation of the Republic of China
  2014–present Flag of Maritime and Port Bureau of the Republic of China
  2007–present Flag of National Immigration Agency of the Republic of China

Civil and Merchant Ensign

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1929–1966 Civil Ensign of the Republic of China Four serrated yellow stripes are added to the flag of the Republic of China for use as a civil ensign at sea. Present civil ensign is national flag.
  1935 – around 1949 Ensign of Chinese Fishery Patrol & Fishery Investigation Test Vessels

Postal flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1935– Postal Ensign of the Republic of China
  1929–1935 Postal ensign of China The "Blue Sky with a White Sun" was placed in the canton.
  1919–1929 Postal ensign of China White flag with the Five-colored flag in the canton, bilingual text "Postes" in the lower hoist quarter, and a greylag goose in the fly half.

Chinese Maritime Customs Service

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1977–present Customs flag
  1977–present Flag of Director General of Customs
  1929–1950 Flag of the Inspector-General, 1929–1950 and is still used by the ROC Minister of Finance until 2014 Green background with yellow saltire superimposed by "Blue Sky with a White Sun" flag.
  1931–1950 (In use by vessels until 1976) Ensign of Chinese Customs (Nanking Government)
  1929–1931 Ensign of Chinese Customs (Nanking Government)
  1911–1928 Ensign of Chinese Customs (Beiyang Government)

Salt Administration

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1929–1949 Ensign of the Chinese Salt Administration
  1912–1929

Yacht Club Ensign

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1966–present Yacht Club Ensign of the Republic of China Four serrated yellow stripes are added to the flag of the Republic of China for use as a yacht club ensign. Previously used as civil ensign during 1928–66.
1966–present Yacht Club Burgee of the Republic of China The Blue Sky with a White Sun in a burgee (pennant) form.

Sporting flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1979– Chinese Taipei Olympic flag The ROC is recognized as "Chinese Taipei" in the Olympics, due to the political status of Taiwan.
  2019– Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Paralympic Games
  Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Deaflympics
  Flag of Chinese Taipei used in the Universiade
  Chinese Taipei volleyball flag
  Chinese Taipei esports flag Used in esports competitions organized by Blizzard Entertainment.
  2004–2019 Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag
  pre-2004 Chinese Taipei Paralympic Flag
  Former Chinese Taipei Football Flag

City and county flags

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As of 18 November 1997, the Chinese Government banned localities from making and using local flags and emblems.[29] Despite the ban, some cities have adopted their own flag that often includes their local emblem as shown below. The ROC-controlled areas continues to use the respective flags.

Provinces

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The PRC-controlled mainland does not have provincial flags, but the ROC-controlled area has a flag for one of its two provinces.

Flag Duration Use Description
  Taiwan Province
Flag Administrative division Adopted Description
    Kaohsiung City 2010–present Stylized "高". The colors symbolize sunshine, vitality, environmental protection, and the ocean.[30]
    New Taipei City 2010–present Stylized "北" in the form of four hearts arranged to resemble a four-leaf clover.
    Taichung City 2008–present
    Tainan City 2010–present
    Taipei City 2010–present
    Taoyuan City 2014–present
    Chiayi City
    Keelung City
    Changhua County
    Chiayi County
    Hsinchu County
    Hualien County
    Kinmen County
    Lienchiang County
    Miaoli County
    Nantou County
    Penghu County
    Pingtung County
    Taitung County
    Yilan County
    Yunlin County

History

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1922–1949 Flag of Kunming[31] The flag features the former city emblem which consists of two intersecting red circles which represent the harmony of sun and moon, as well as western and eastern ideas. In the middle is a golden stylized symbol of a 市 character.
  1981–2010 Old flag of Taipei City Previous flag used by Taipei City, with its seal on top of 16 horizontal stripes of white and blue.
  1999–2006 Old flag of New Taipei City
  1980s–1999 Old flag of New Taipei City
  2006–2010 Old flag of New Taipei City
  ?–2010
2018–2019		 Old flag of Hsinchu County
  2010–2018 Old flag of Hsinchu County
  1951–2010 Old flag of Taichung County
  1978–2010 Old flag of Tainan City
  ?–2010 Old flag of Tainan County
  1974–2009 Old flag of Kaohsiung City
  ?–1999 Old flag of Kaohsiung County
  1999–2010 Old flag of Kaohsiung County
  1984–2014 Old flag of Taitung County

University flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1910s-? Flag of the University of China
  1928–2010s Flag of the Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Political flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
current
Link to file 2017–present Flag of Taiwan People's Communist Party
  2007–present Flag of Taiwan Civil Governmentzh
  2006–present Flag of Hakka Party
  2006–present Flag of Sovereign State for Formosa & Pescadores Partyzh
Link to file 2005–present Flag of Taiwan Independent Unionzh
Link to file 2004–present Flag of Non-Partisan Solidarity Union
  2003–present Flag of Taiwan Labor Partyzh[32]
  2000–present Flag of People First Party
  1993–present Flag of New Party
  2010s–present Flag of the Patriot Alliance Association
1993–present
  1989–present Flag of Labor Party Red flag with green pile reversed and yellow star
Link to file 1989–present Flag of Chinese People's Party
Link to file 1986–present Flag of Democratic Progressive Party
  ?–present Flag of Democratic Progressive Party ward on the Matsu Islands
  1970–present Flag of World United Formosans for Independence
  1923–present Flag of Chinese Youth Party
  1921–1949 Flag of the Chinese Communist Party Communist hammer and sickle. Used by the CPC during the Republic of China era.
  1895–present Flag of Kuomintang Blue Sky with a White Sun
former
  2018–2020 Flag of Congress Party Alliance
  2014–2020 Flag of Alliance of military personnel, officials and teacherszh
  2007–2019 Flag of Home Party
  2018–2019 Flag of the Taiwan Military (Junta) Government, a self-declared government led by Gao Anguo.zh
  2015–2019 Flag of Minkuotang
  2009–2020 Flag of Taiwan Democratic Communist Party
Link to file 2007–2019 Flag of Taiwan Farmers' Party
Link to file 1996–2020 Flag of Taiwan Independence Party
Link to file 1994–2020 Flag of Taiwan Communist Party
  1991–2020 Flag of Chinese Social Democratic Partyzh
  1946–2020 China Democratic Socialist Party flag Stylized "井" in center
  1933–1934 Flag of the Productive People's Party
  1929–1931 Flag of Taiwanese People's Party (Active in Japanese Taiwan)
  1929 Influences:  
  1925–? Flag of Guangdong Peasants' Association Chinese national flag charged with yellow plough in fly.
  1925–1946 Flag of the Inner Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party
  1911–? Flag of the Royalist Party National flag (1889–1912)
  19th–20th century Flag of the Yellow Sand Society Solid yellow flag

Cultural flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  2018–present Flag of Tao people A white flag with the traditional "boat's eye" symbol and traditional triangular ornaments on the top and bottom.[33]
2017–present Flag of Rukai people The "Lily Flag" composed of three colors: red, yellow and green, representing hope, love and peace. The lilies and eagle feathers represent the purity and fairness of the Rukai tribe, was designed by Jin Shaohua.[34]
  2017–present Flag of Taiwanese indigenous peoples in Taichung
  2016–present "National flag" of Amis people in the Amis Music Festival.[35][36]
  ?–present Flag of Amis people in Taidong (Falangaw tribezh)
  1984–1998 Flag of Taiwan Association for the Promotion of Aboriginal Rightszh

Proposed flags

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Republic of China

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1906 Teo Eng Hock and his wife's proposal 1 for the ROC flag
  1906 Proposal 2 for the ROC flag
  1906 Proposal 3 for the ROC flag, later adopted as the flag of the Republic of China Army
  1906 Proposal 4 for the ROC flag, later adopted as the flag of the China Zhi Gong Party
  1906 Proposal 5 for the ROC flag, later used as the flag of the marshall in Beiyang government

Taiwan Independence Movement

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1955 Republic of Taiwan Provisional Government Proposal
  1994 Donald Liu's Proposal
  2005 908 Taiwan Republic Campaign's Proposal
  2013 World Taiwanese Congress Proposal
  2016 "Taiwan the Formosa" by Chih-Hao Chen

Railway flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  Railways Ensign of the Republic of China Also the flag of the Taiwan Railways Administration.
  1919–1951 Railways Ensign of China Used in Taiwan from 1947 to 1951.

House flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1942–1972 House flag of China Merchants Group[37]
  1873–1942

Association flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1938–1947 Flag of Three Principles of the People Youth League
  1952–present Flag of China Youth Corps[38]
  1937–present Flag of Red Swastika Society
  Flag of China Sailor's Union

Warlords

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1933–1944 Flag of Xinjiang Used by Sheng Shicai's provincial government in Xinjiang until 1944.
  1929 Flag used by Zhang Xueliang's troops Captured by Soviet soldiers in 1929.
  1911 Flag used by the rebel force in Xinhai Revolution in Anqing
  1911 Flag used by the rebel force in Xinhai Revolution in Changsha
  1911 Flag used by the army led by Chen Jiongming
  1911 Flag used by the rebel force in Xinhai Revolution in Zhejiang
  1911 Flag after the victory of the Kunming uprising
  1911 Flag used by the Qing royalist force in Xinhai Revolution in Gejiu

Qing dynasty and other pre-1912 states

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National flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1862–90 Flag of the Qing dynasty Naval flag and quasi-national flag on international occasions.
  1862–1890 Used on Qing dynasty naval ships for identification Same as national flag

Standards

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1862–1912 Standard of the Qing Emperor Azure Dragon on a plain right triangle yellow field with the red sun of the three-legged crow in the upper left corner.

Military flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1644–1912 Flag of the Green Standard Army Flag of the Green Standard Army. A green recolouring of the Imperial Standard of the Qing Emperor.
  1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners The Eight Banners was created in the early 17th century by Nurhaci to unify the Jurchen people into the Manchu dynasty. The first three banners were under the direct command of the Emperor himself.
  1615–1911 Flag of the Plain Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners
  1615–1911 Flag of the Plain White Banner of the Eight Banners
  1615–1911 Flag of the Plain Red Banner of the Eight Banners
  1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered White Banner of the Eight Banners
  1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered Red Banner of the Eight Banners
  1615–1911 Flag of the Plain Blue Banner of the Eight Banners
  1615–1911 Flag of the Bordered Blue Banner of the Eight Banners
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Flag Duration Use Description
  1890–1912 The flag of the Qing Imperial Chinese Navy Square version of above flag
  1862–1890 Used on Qing dynasty naval ships for identification Same as national flag
  1909–1911 Flag for the Imperial Chinese Navy Secretary.[39]
  1909–1911 The flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet from 1909 to 1911.[39]
  1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Vice Admiral.[39]
  1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Rear Admiral.[39]
  1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Commodore.[39]
  1909–1911 Command flag for Imperial Chinese Navy Senior Officer's/Fleet Leader.[39]
  1909–1911 Imperial Chinese Navy Duty Ship Pennant.[39]
  1909–1911 Imperial Chinese Navy Commission Pennant.[39]
  1890–1909 The flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet from 1890 to 1909.
  1874–1890 The flag of the Admiral of the Beiyang Fleet from 1874 to 1890.
  1890–1909 Flag of the Commander (Tongling) of Torpedo Boats
  1905–1909 Flag of Provincial Commander-in-Chief of Beiyang Fleet
  1890-1909 Flag of Commodore of Beiyang Fleet
  1905–1909 Flag of High-ranking Official of Beiyang Fleet
  1905–1909 Officer (Junguan) of the Beiyang Fleet
  1905–1909 Flag of Minister of the Navy, or Admiral (de jure, probably not used)
  1905–1909 Flag of the Admiral and Fleet Commander, or Vice Admiral (de jure, probably not used)
  1905–1909 Flag of the Admiral and Squadron Commander, or Rear Admiral (de jure, probably not used)
  1905–1909 Flag of the Commodore, or Commodore First Class (de jure, probably not used)
  1890–1909 Flag of the Leader (Duizhang), or Commodore Second Class
Proposed
  Proposed in 1863 Proposed in 1863 ensign of Qing Navy
  Proposed in 1863 Proposed in 1863 Commission Pennant of Qing Navy
Other
 
 		 Junk pennants In addition to the typical flags, some Qing ships also used individual silk pennants. The two pictures provided here are examples only.

Chinese Maritime Customs Service

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1867–1911 Ensign of Chinese Customs A green flag with yellow saltire.

House flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1873–1942 House flag of China Merchants Group
  1872–1873[22]

Flags of localized regimes

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1890s–1901 Flag of the Yihetuan Flag used by the Yihetuan during the Boxer Rebellion. A red flag with a black square with a red inscribed 令 character, inspired by the flag of the Black Flag Army.
  1860s–1885 Flag of the Black Flag Army Flag of the Black Flag Army, a Chinese-Vietnamese army and guerrilla force that fought against the French in the Sino-French War. A black flag with a white 令 character.
  1895 Flag of the Republic of Formosa[40] Tiger on a plain blue filed with azure clouds below it.
  1883 Flag used by gold miners in so-called Zheltuga Republic Flag of the Zheltuga Republic as seen on the photograph and as written in the description ("black and yellow" flag "symbolizing the union of land and gold".
  1873–1877 Flag of Yettishar Used by Yettishar until 1877.
  1865–1873 Flag of Yettishar Used by Yettishar until 1873.
  1856–1873 Flag of Pingnan Guo
  1661–1683 Flag of the Kingdom of Tungning The Chinese character "鄭" in a red circle outline on a plain white field.
  1624–1668 Flag of the Dutch Formosa Flag of the Dutch East India Company
  1626–1642 Flag of the Spanish Formosa Cross of Burgundy
  ? Flag of the Chagatai Khanate Gold square in the middle of a white banner, as depicted in the Catalan Atlas.

Flags of the Chinese Pirates

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Flag Duration Use Description
  c. 1849 Reputedly the flag of the Chinese pirate Shap-ng-tsai or decoration confused with the ensign. The flag is painted with a depiction of Zhang Daoling (34–156 AD), founder of Daoism as a religion in China. He is seated on a rock holding a Bagua (a symbol of Daoism) with a tiger or qilin behind him. A border of bats runs down the fly edge (a symbol of good luck).[41]

Banners described by Wujing Zongyao

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Banners described by Jixiao Xinshu

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Banners described by Wubei Zhi

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Banners present in old paintings

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Manchukuo

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Main article: Flag of Manchukuo

National flag

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1932–1945 Flag of Manchukuo A yellow field with the red, blue, white, and black stripes of the first flag of the Republic of China (see above) in the canton.

Standards

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1935–1945 Imperial standard of the Emperor of Manchukuo. Used by the Emperor of Manchukuo.

Manchukuo Imperial Army and Navy

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1935–1945 War ensign of Manchukuo. Used by the Manchukuo Imperial Army.
  1935–1945 Flag of Navy Minister of Manchukuo
  1932–1935 Flag of admiral of the Navy
  1935–1945 Flag of admiral of the Navy
  1932–1935 Flag of vice admiral of the Navy
  1935–1945 Flag of vice admiral of the Navy
  1932–1935 Flag of rear admiral of the Navy
  1935–1945 Flag of rear admiral of the Navy
  1932–1935 Flag of 1st class commodore of the Navy
  1935–1945 Flag of 1st class commodore of the Navy
  1935–1945 Flag of commander (2nd class commodore) of the Navy
  1935–1945 Flag of superior commander of the Navy

Government flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1935–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Shipping Office. Used by the Manchukuo Shipping Office.
  1935–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Coast Guard. Used by the Manchukuo Coast Guard.
  1935–1945 Flag of Manchukuo Marine Transport.

Police flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1932–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Marine Police Used by the Manchukuo Marine Police.
  1932–1945 Flag of the Chief of Civil Administration
  1932–1945 Flag of the Chief of Police Civil Administration Used by the Manchukuo Marine Police.
  1932–1945 Flag of the Chief of Marine Police
  1932–1945 Flag of the Marine Police Senior Officer at Present Afloat

Political flags

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1931–1945 Flag of the Concordia Association. Used by the Concordia Association of Manchukuo. Contains the Chinese characters 協和.
  1931–1943 Flag of the Russian Fascist Party. Minor Russian émigré movement that was based in Manchukuo.

Other

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1932–1945 Flag of the Manchukuo Post Postal flag of Manchukuo.
  1932–1945 Flag of the Boy Scouts of Manchukuo. Used by the Boy Scouts of Manchukuo.
  1906–1945 Flag of the South Manchuria Railway.

Other Japanese puppet states

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1937–1938 Flag of the Great Way Government.
  1943 Flag of the New Peoples' Society. New People's Society [zh] (新民會, "Xinminhui"), a collaborationist, quasi-political-party organization in northern China under Japanese occupation.
  1938–1940 Flag of the Reformed Government of the Republic of China.
  1936–1939 Flag of the Mongol Military Government, which became the Flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government in 1937. A vertical pattern of red, yellow, white as a canton on a blue field.
  1937 Flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government (alternate reconstruction). Reconstruction of the flag of the Mongol United Autonomous Government based on The Airpost Journal's description. It mentions "a square of horizontal red, yellow, white and black stripes".[42]
  1938–1939 Flag of the South Chahar Autonomous Government, also known as Chanan. Later merged with the Mongol United Autonomous Government and Jinbei to create Mengjiang A vertical pattern of red, white, blue as a canton on a yellow field.
  1938–1939 Flag of the North Shanxi Autonomous Government, also known as Jinbei. Later merged with the Mongol United Autonomous Government and Chanan to create Mengjiang A vertical pattern of red, blue, white as a canton on a yellow field.
  1939–1945 Flag of Mengjiang A horizontal pattern of yellow, blue, white, red, white, blue, and yellow again.

Foreign concessions and colonies

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Dalian

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1905–1945 Kwantung Leased Territory Flag of Japan
  1898–1905 Russian Dalian Flag of Russia

Tianjin

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1901–1917 Austro-Hungarian concession of Tianjin Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy
  1902–1931 Belgian concession of Tianjin Flag of Belgium
  1860–1943 British concession of Tianjin Union Jack
  1901–1943 Italian concession of Tianjin Flag of Italy
  1900–1924 Russian concession of Tianjin Flag of Russia

Chinese Eastern Railway

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1932–1935 A combination with the flag of Manchukuo at the top and the flag of Soviet Union at the bottom.
1928–1932 A combination with the Flag of the Republic of China at the top and the flag of Soviet Union at the bottom.
  1925–1928 A combination with the Five Races Under One Union flag at the top and the flag of Soviet Union at the bottom.
  1915–1925 A combination of the triangular version of the Five Races Under One Union flag and the flag of Russia, with the text "East Provinces' Railway Company of China" in Chinese.
  1897–1915 A combination of the triangular version of the flag of the Qing dynasty and the flag of Russia, with the text "East Provinces' Railway of Great Qing" in Chinese.

Hong Kong

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Main article: List of Hong Kong flags

Macau

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Main article: List of Macanese flags

Qingdao

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1898–1914 Kiautschou Bay Leased Territory Flag of Germany (1867–1918)

Shanghai

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Flag Duration Use Description
  c. 1917–1941 Shanghai International Settlement
  1863–c. 1917
  1849–1943 Shanghai French Concession Flag of France
  1845–1863 British Concession in Shanghai Union Jack
  1848–1863 American Concession in Shanghai Flag of the United States

Weihai

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1903–1930 British Weihaiwei A British Blue Ensign with two Mandarin ducks standing on a beach. Flag of Weihaiwei
  1899–1903 Flag of the Commissioner of Weihaiwei
  1903–1930 Flag of the Commissioner of Weihaiwei

Zhanjiang

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1898–1945 Guangzhouwan Flag of France

Secessionist states

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East Turkestan

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1933–1934 Flag of the First East Turkestan Republic

Tibet

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Flag Duration Use Description
  1958–1974 Flag of Chushi Gangdruk Used by Chushi Gangdruk, a Tibetan guerrilla group, until 1974. The group still exists among the Tibetan exiles and still uses the sword emblem.
  1959–present Flag of Tibet Currently used by the Tibetan Government in Exile located in Dharamshala, India
  1916–1951 Flag of Tibet (1912–1951) Used by Tibet until 1951.
  ?–1951 Flag of the General Derge Se for the Tibetan Army

Misattributed flags

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This is a list of incorrect or fictitious flags which have been reported on as being factual and/or historical flags by contemporary or otherwise reputable sources or popularized on the Internet.

Flag Date Use Description
Mistakes in historical sources
  19th century Incorrect image of the Qing flag in the Western publication. The dragon bears a resemblance to the one on the Flag of Wales.
  20th century Alleged pre-1912 Tibetan flag Fictitious flag appearing on a collector card from a chocolate manufacturer featuring the palace of the Dalai Lama in Lhasa in the early 20th century. Identical to Chinese Merchant Group flag.
  1935–1938 Alleged flag of the East Hebei Autonomous Government Erroneous flag appearing in a postcard published by Parliamentary Secretary Yin of the Jitong Defense Joint Self-Government in Hebei. The blue and yellow banners are switched due to erroneous coloring. Identical to Provincial Commander-in-Chief of Beiyang Fleet flag.
Historical fiction
  7th Century (de facto 1990s) Alleged flag of The Tibetan Empire A modern interpretation of an uncertain standard of the Tibetan Emperor, Songtsen Gampo.
  21st century Flag allegedly representing the Tang dynasty on the internet. Similar flags are attributed to other dynasties.
  Flags allegedly representing the Mongol Empire or Yuan dynasty on the internet.
  A white Soyombo on a blue background.
 
  The "Sun Moon Flag", attributed to the Ming dynasty Improperly used both on the internet and in real life.[43]
  Another variant of the Ming dynasty Flag
  1931–1945 (de facto 21st century) Flag of the Concordia Association. Contains the Manchu text ᠰᡳᡝᡥᠣᡥᡠᡳ. The Mandzurian version has never been used.
  ? Alleged flag of the pirate Gan Ning. Various flags containing a bell are assigned to a pirate on the Internet.
  ? Alleged flag of the pirate Ching Shih.
Fictional ethnic flags
  2000s Flag of the Han Chinese. Created by unknown Internet user in 2000s and used by some Han nationalists netizens since then. The loong symbol is from Qinglong Wadang which manufactured in Han dynasty, collected in Xi'an museum.
  around 2012 Flag of the Zhuang people. The project was created by Leonardo Piccioni de Almeida and gained some popularity among Internet users criticizing the PRC. PRC law does not allow the use of cultural flags. Some websites use this flag to represent the Zhuang language.
  Flag of the Yi people. The project was created by Leonardo Piccioni de Almeida and gained some popularity among Internet users criticizing the PRC. PRC law does not allow the use of cultural flags. Some websites use this flag to represent the Yi language.
 
 		 21st century Flag of the Salar people. Tamga of the Salur tribe is actually used, but there is no evidence that it is used as a flag. PRC law does not allow the use of cultural flags. Some websites use this flag to represent the Salar language.
  Flag of the Li people.[citation needed] A similar flag is used by the Kachin Independence Army in Myanmar
Other
  ? Proposed tricolour flag for Chaoshan (East Cantonia), China, to be used by autonomist activists
  20th–21st century Xiang separatist movement flag. Used by the Hunan independence movement.

In 2012, Vietnam mistakenly used the 6-star flag for China (1 big and 5 small stars) during the visit of the President of China.[44][45][46][47]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "中华人民共和国国旗". Archived from the original on 29 July 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2022.
  2. ^ "Hong Kong leaders attend flag-raising marking 25th anniversary under China". Business Standard India. July 2022. Archived from the original on 12 September 2022. Retrieved 25 July 2022.
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  47. ^ "Chinese Flag Variants (Unofficial)".
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