Wikipedia

Lilian Thuram

Ruddy Lilian Thuram-Ulien (French pronunciation: [liljɑ̃ tyʁam];[4] born 1 January 1972) is a French author, philanthropist and former professional footballer who played as a defender. A quick, powerful and versatile player, he was capable of playing both as a centre-back or as a right-back, and was competent both offensively and defensively. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest defenders in the history of the sport.[5][6][7][8][9][10]

Lilian Thuram
Thuram in 2013
Personal information
Full name Ruddy Lilian Thuram-Ulien[1]
Date of birth (1972-01-01) 1 January 1972 (age 52)[2]
Place of birth Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe, France
Height 1.82 m (6 ft 0 in)[3]
Position(s) Defender
Youth career
1981–1982 Portugais de Fontainebleau [fr]
1983–1984 Fontainebleau
1985–1987 Melun
1987–1988 Melun-Fontainebleau
1989–1990 Fontainebleau
1990–1991 Monaco
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1991–1996 Monaco 155 (8)
1996–2001 Parma 163 (1)
2001–2006 Juventus 144 (1)
2006–2008 Barcelona 41 (0)
Total 503 (10)
International career
1994–2008 France 142 (2)
Medal record
Men's football
Representing  France
FIFA World Cup
Winner 1998
Runner-up 2006
UEFA European Championship
Winner 2000
FIFA Confederations Cup
Winner 2003
*Club domestic league appearances and goals

He began playing football professionally in his homeland with Monaco and played in the top flight in France, Italy and Spain for over 15 seasons, with notable stints in Serie A with both Parma and Juventus before finishing his career with Barcelona. With France, Thuram was a key player for the team that won the 1998 FIFA World Cup; his side also won UEFA Euro 2000, and he helped them to runners-up at the 2006 World Cup. Thuram was the most capped player in the history of the France national team with 142 appearances between 1994 and 2008 until Hugo Lloris surpassed the mark in 2022.

Thuram has been described as a "studious" figure off the pitch;[11] in 2010, he became a UNICEF ambassador, and has stood out for his initiatives to fight against racism.[12] He founded the Fondation Lilian Thuram, which aims to educate people about racism. [13]

Early life

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Thuram was born in Guadeloupe in the French West Indies. His family relocated to mainland France in 1981.[14]

Club career

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Thuram's football career began with Monaco in Ligue 1 in 1991. He then transferred to Parma (1996–2001) and then to Juventus (2001–2006) for £25 million, and eventually to Barcelona in 2006.

Monaco

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Thuram started his professional career with Monaco in 1991. He only made one appearance that season, but was officially promoted to the first team the following season, when he would go on to make 19 appearances.

He was inserted into the starting XI by the end of 1992 and would go on to make 155 league appearances for the Ligue 1 outfit, before transferring to Parma in the summer of 1996. He made his national team debut in 1994, while at Monaco. With Monaco, he most notably won the Coupe de France in 1991, also reaching the final of the 1991–92 European Cup Winners' Cup. In total his whole spell at AS Monaco he only scored 11 goals.

However, Thuram scored his only UEFA Champions League goal in his career for Monaco in a 4–1 victory over Spartak Moscow in the 1993–94 season.[15]

Parma

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In July 1996, Thuram made a high-profile transfer to Italy to join Serie A club Parma. In his first season, he made over 40 appearances for the club in all competitions, scoring one goal, as Parma finished second in the 1996–97 Serie A to Juventus. He maintained a starting position in defence throughout his time with Parma, making 163 Serie A appearances and scoring one league goal. In all, he made over 200 appearances for the club, really making a name for himself, also earning caps for France.

Following another impressive season in 2000–01, where Parma reached the Coppa Italia final, and finishing the Serie A season in fourth place, Thuram,[16] along with teammate Gianluigi Buffon, transferred to Juventus. His transfer cost the club 80 billion Italian lire (€41,316,552).[17]

While at Parma, along with eventual Juventus teammates Buffon and Fabio Cannavaro, Thuram won both the UEFA Cup and the Coppa Italia during the 1998–99 season, immediately followed by the 1999 Supercoppa Italiana.

Juventus

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In the summer of 2001, Thuram made a transfer to Juventus, along with goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon. Thuram formed defensive partnerships with the likes of Ciro Ferrara, Paolo Montero, Gianluca Pessotto, Mark Iuliano, Alessandro Birindelli, Igor Tudor, Gianluca Zambrotta, Nicola Legrottaglie, Fabio Cannavaro, Giorgio Chiellini, Federico Balzaretti and Jonathan Zebina during his five-year tenure with the club. In his first season with the club, as a right back under Marcello Lippi, Thuram won the 2001–02 Serie A title, also reaching the final of the 2001–02 Coppa Italia. Juventus started the following season by winning the 2002 Supercoppa Italiana, and defended their Serie A title, also reaching the UEFA Champions League final, where they were defeated by rivals Milan on penalties.

Juventus won the 2003 Supercoppa Italiana the following season, reaching another Coppa Italia final, but finished in a disappointing 3rd place in Serie A, and failed to progress past the second round in the Champions League. During the 2004–05 and 2005–06 seasons under coach Fabio Capello, Thuram, along with Fabio Cannavaro in the centre of defence,[18] with Gianluigi Buffon in goal,[18] Jonathan Zebina at right back[18] and Gianluca Zambrotta at left back[18] formed one of the most expensive, but also most feared, defences in Europe and Italy. During these next two seasons with the club, Thuram won the Scudetto two more times with Juventus, although these consecutive league titles were later revoked due to Juventus' involvement in the 2006 Italian football scandal (calciopoli). After five years with Juve, Thuram transferred to Barcelona in the Spanish La Liga, in the wake of the calciopoli scandal. He managed over 200 total appearances for the club, with two goals.

Barcelona

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Thuram with Barcelona in 2008

On 24 July 2006, Thuram signed with Barcelona for €5 million after Juventus were relegated to Serie B due to the calciopoli scandal.[19][20]

In Thuram's last season (2007–08), he was the third- or fourth-choice centre-back after Carles Puyol, Gabriel Milito and Rafael Márquez.[21]

On 26 June 2008, he was reported as having signed a one-year contract with an option for another year with Paris Saint-Germain.[22] The deal, however, was cancelled shortly after because he was diagnosed with a heart defect that had caused the death of his brother.[23] On 2 August, he announced his final retirement from professional football due to his condition.[24]

International career

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Thuram (left) alongside Zinedine Zidane, playing for France in the 2006 FIFA World Cup final.

After becoming world champion in 1998, Thuram was an integral part of France's triumph at UEFA Euro 2000, which led to the team being ranked by FIFA as number one from 2001–2002. He also played in the 2002 World Cup, 2006 World Cup, Euro 1996, Euro 2004 and Euro 2008, in addition to winning the 2003 FIFA Confederations Cup. In France's 2–1 group win over England at Euro 2004, Thuram became the third Frenchman to 100 caps, after fellow 1998 champions Didier Deschamps and Marcel Desailly.[25]

1998 World Cup

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Thuram was named in the French squad for the 1998 World Cup and played a key part in their entire tournament, most notably in the semi final against Croatia. After getting caught out of position and being at fault for Croatia's opening goal, Thuram went on to score a brace, his only international goals, and give France a 2–1 win to take them to the final where the team defeated Brazil 3–0 to win their first World Cup. Thuram was awarded the Bronze Ball as the third most valuable player in the tournament. He, Bixente Lizarazu, Laurent Blanc and Marcel Desailly comprised the backbone of the French defence that conceded only two goals in seven matches.[26]

2006 World Cup

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After a brief international retirement, France coach Raymond Domenech convinced Thuram to return to the French team on 17 August 2005, along with fellow "Golden Generation" teammates Zinedine Zidane and Claude Makélélé, as Les Bleus struggled to qualify for the 2006 World Cup. Thuram's centre back partnership with William Gallas was to be the foundation for France's progression to the final. Thuram earned his 116th cap for France in the group stage match against South Korea in Leipzig on 18 June 2006. In that game he equalled Desailly's record number of caps, which he broke in the final group stage match, a 2–0 win over Togo in Cologne on 23 June 2006, winning his 117th cap. He was named the man of the match in France's semi-final 1–0 victory against Portugal, coincidentally the same distinction he had earned eight years earlier at the semi-finals of the 1998 World Cup.

Euro 2008

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On 9 June 2008, Thuram took the field against Romania in a group match, and became the first player to make 15 UEFA European Championship finals appearances. The former record of 14 appearances was held by Zinedine Zidane, Luís Figo and Karel Poborský.[27] He played one more game during the tournament, raising the number of his appearances to 16, which record was then equaled a few days later by Edwin van der Sar from the Netherlands in the quarter-finals. Thuram was the captain of France in the tournament. Along with Claude Makélélé, he announced his retirement from international football on 17 June 2008, after France's 2–0 loss to Italy.[28] He finished his career with the national team as France's most capped player with 142 appearances. His record was broken by Hugo Lloris in the quarter-finals of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.[29]

Style of play

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Thuram's signed Barça shirt, on display at the World Museum in Liverpool, 2008

Thuram was an extremely dominant, consistent, athletic and attentive footballer, who was considered by pundits to be one of the best defenders in the world in his prime.[11][30] As a defender, he was known for his strength, pace, stamina and his outstanding physical, tactical, and technical attributes, as well as his elegance, intelligence, ability to read the game, his heavy marking of opponents, and his aggressive tackling, which made him difficult to beat in one on one situations; he also excelled in the air. As a full-back, he was known for his ability to make attacking runs up the flank and contribute to his team's offensive play after winning back the ball.[30][31][32][33][34][35] A large, powerful and versatile player, who was equally competent offensively as he was defensively, he could play on either flank or in the centre, due to his ability with either foot, often alternating between playing as a centre-back or as a right-back, and was even deployed in midfield on occasion.[11][32] In spite of his physical and tenacious playing style, he was also known to be a fair player.[36]

Personal life

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He has two sons with his first wife Sandra, Marcus (born 6 August 1997) and Khéphren (born 26 March 2001), and both became international footballers for France in the 2020s.[37] He named his sons after Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey and Egyptian pharaoh Khephren, respectively.[38].Thuram's cousin is Amiens player Yohann Thuram-Ulien.[39]

From 2007 to 2013, Thuram was in a relationship with Karine Le Marchand, a French TV host.[40] In August 2022 he married journalist Kareen Guiock, whom he met in 2015; they wed at the Palace of Fontainebleau.[41]

Media

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Thuram was sponsored by sportswear company Nike and appeared in Nike commercials. In a global Nike advertising campaign in the run-up to the 2002 World Cup in Korea and Japan, he starred in a "Secret Tournament" commercial (branded "Scorpion KO") directed by Terry Gilliam, appearing alongside football players such as Thierry Henry, Ronaldo, Edgar Davids, Fabio Cannavaro, Francesco Totti, Ronaldinho, Luís Figo and Hidetoshi Nakata, with former player Eric Cantona the tournament "referee".[42][43]

Political engagement

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Thuram on a 2013 march through Paris by supporters of same-sex marriage in France.

Beyond his football career, Thuram has always shown political engagement, and has frequently spoken out against racism.[12] In such, during the French riots in November 2005, Thuram took a position against future French president Nicolas Sarkozy, at the time the head of the conservative political party UMP and Minister of the Interior. Thuram was opposed to the verbal attacks against young people that the then-Minister made when he talked about the "scum", and he said that Nicolas Sarkozy never lived in a "banlieue", areas of low-income housing surrounding French cities.[44]

On 6 September 2006, Thuram sparked controversy when he invited 80 people, who were expelled by French Minister of the Interior Nicolas Sarkozy from a flat where they lived illegally, to the football match between France and Italy.[45][46] He has also engaged in campaigns that favour the Catalan language in Northern Catalonia.[47]

In November 2011, Thuram curated an exhibition at the Musée du quai Branly entitled "Human Zoos: The Invention of the Savage". It examined the human zoos that traced the practice of using colonial subjects as exhibits in zoos and freak shows.[48] The material in the exhibition runs from the parade of Brazil's Tupinamba "savages" for the royal entrance of King Henry II of France in 1550 in Rouen, to the last "living spectacle" of Congo villagers exhibited in Brussels in 1958.[49]

In January 2013, Thuram took part in a march through Paris by supporters of the Ayrault government's plan to legalise same-sex marriage.[50] He had previously explained that he supported same-sex marriage in the name of equal rights (comparing the denial of equality for homosexuals to the denial of equal rights for women and for black people in earlier periods of history), and in the name of France's secular principles (laïcité), rejecting religious arguments against civil marriage. He also expressed support for the right of same-sex couples to adopt children.[51]

Career statistics

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Club

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Appearances and goals by club, season and competition[citation needed][52][53]
Club Season League Cup Continental Other Total
Division Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals Apps Goals
Monaco 1990–91 Division 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 — 1 0
1991–92 Division 1 19 0 4 0 4 0 — 27 0
1992–93 Division 1 37 0 2 0 4 0 — 43 0
1993–94 Division 1 25 1 3 1 8 1 — 36 3
1994–95 Division 1 37 2 2 0 — 3 1 42 3
1995–96 Division 1 36 5 3 0 2 0 3 0 44 5
Total 155 8 14 1 18 1 6 1 193 11
Parma 1996–97 Serie A 34 1 1 0 2 0 — 37 1
1997–98 Serie A 32 0 6 0 8 0 — 46 0
1998–99 Serie A 34 0 8 0 11 0 — 53 0
1999–2000 Serie A 33 0 2 0 10 0 2[a] 0 47 0
2000–01 Serie A 30 0 8 0 7 0 — 45 0
Total 163 1 25 0 38 0 2 0 228 1
Juventus 2001–02 Serie A 30 0 3 0 8 0 — 41 0
2002–03 Serie A 27 1 0 0 15 0 1 0 43 1
2003–04 Serie A 23 0 4 0 5 0 0 0 32 0
2004–05 Serie A 37 0 1 0 11 0 — 49 0
2005–06 Serie A 27 0 4 0 8 0 0 0 39 0
Total 144 1 12 0 47 0 1 0 204 1
Barcelona 2006–07 La Liga 23 0 2 0 4 0 1 0 30 0
2007–08 La Liga 18 0 4 0 6 0 — 28 0
Total 41 0 6 0 10 0 1 0 58 0
Career total 503 10 57 1 113 1 10 1 683 13
  1. ^ Appearance in one Champions League Serie A play-off match (2000)

International

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Appearances and goals by national team and year[54]
National team Year Apps Goals
France 1994 1 0
1995 5 0
1996 13 0
1997 8 0
1998 16 2
1999 9 0
2000 14 0
2001 4 0
2002 12 0
2003 12 0
2004 9 0
2005 7 0
2006 16 0
2007 10 0
2008 6 0
Total 142 2
Scores and results list France's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Thuram goal.
List of international goals scored by Lilian Thuram
No. Date Venue Opponent Score Result Competition
1 8 July 1998 Stade de France, Saint-Denis, France   Croatia 1–1 2–1 1998 FIFA World Cup
2 2–1

Honours

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Parma[55]

Juventus[55]

Barcelona[55]

France[55]

Individual

Orders

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b "Décret du 24 juillet 1998 portant nomination à titre exceptionnel" [Decree of 24 July 1998 appointing on an exceptional basis]. Official Journal of the French Republic (in French). 1998 (170). 22 June 1998. PREX9801916D. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  2. ^ "2006 FIFA World Cup Germany: List of Players: France" (PDF). FIFA. 21 March 2014. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 June 2019.
  3. ^ "Lilian Thuram". FC Barcelona. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  4. ^ Lilian Thuram (2012). Lilian Thuram, Vidéo de soutien pour l'égalité des droits (YouTube) (in French). Projet Entourage. Event occurs at 0:01. Retrieved 28 January 2012. Bonjour, je m'appelle Lilian Thuram.
  5. ^ "Ranked! The 101 greatest football players of the last 25 years: full list". FourFourTwo (253 ed.). 13 February 2018. Retrieved 22 December 2023.
  6. ^ "50 Greatest Defenders in World Football History". bleacherreport.com. 10 September 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
  7. ^ "Best 100 Football Defenders of All Time History". thefootballlovers.com. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  8. ^ Marland, Daniel (30 March 2022). "The 25 Greatest Defenders Of All Time Have Been Named And Ranked By Fans". sportbible.com. SPORTbible. Retrieved 11 September 2022.
  9. ^ "The 50 best defenders in football history ranked by fans". GiveMeSport. 9 April 2020. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
  10. ^ "Best defenders of all time - ranked". 90min.com. 10 May 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
  11. ^ a b c "Euro 2000 Profile: Lilian Thuram". BBC. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  12. ^ a b "Il campione Lilian Thuram a Treviso contro il razzismo" (in Italian). Treviso 24. Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  13. ^ https://www.thuram.org/
  14. ^ "No thrills, No attitude, Just Thuram". French Football Weekly. 6 September 2013. Retrieved 14 October 2013.
  15. ^ "Monaco 4–1 Spartak Moskva". UEFA. 24 November 1993.
  16. ^ "Juve snatch Thuram". BBC Sport. 18 June 2001. Retrieved 6 April 2010.
  17. ^ Parma AC SpA Report and Accounts on 30 June 2001 (in Italian)
  18. ^ a b c d "Squad of Juventus 2004-05 Serie A". www.bdfutbol.com. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  19. ^ "Thuram Signs Contract". FCBarcelona.cat. 24 July 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2012
  20. ^ "Agreements with the Spanish club FC Barcelona" (PDF). Juventus FC 21 July 2006. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  21. ^ "Thuram move ended by heart defect". BBC Sport. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2007.
  22. ^ Paul Fisher (26 June 2008). "Thuram Signs With PSG". Bleacher Report. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  23. ^ "Thuram move ended by heart defect". BBC Sport. 27 June 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  24. ^ "Thuram retires due to heart condition". UEFA. 2 August 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
  25. ^ "France 2–1 England". BBC Sport. 13 June 2004. Retrieved 15 November 2020.
  26. ^ Wilson, Jonathan (21 March 2020). "Ranked! The 10 best players of France 98". FourFourTwo. Retrieved 1 April 2020.
  27. ^ "Thuram sets EURO appearance record". UEFA. 9 June 2008. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  28. ^ "France duo call it quits". Sky Sports. 18 June 2008. Archived from the original on 9 December 2012. Retrieved 18 June 2008.
  29. ^ Davey, Lee (13 December 2022). "Hugo Lloris reveals difficult text message to Harry Kane after England's World Cup exit and says Tottenham teammate should be 'proud'". Talksport. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  30. ^ a b Stefano Bedeschi. "Gli eroi in bianconero: Lilian Thuram" (in Italian). Tutto Juve. Retrieved 11 September 2014.
  31. ^ a b "MasterCard All-Star Team of the 1998 World Cup". fifa.com. FIFA. 10 July 1998. Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2015.
  32. ^ a b CHRISTOPHER CLAREY (9 July 1998). "WORLD CUP '98; From Right to Left, Thuram Sparkles". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  33. ^ EMANUELE GAMBA (15 May 2003). "Thuram e Zambrotta perfetti Davids non si ferma mai". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  34. ^ "Buffon da record, superato Casillas" (in Italian). UEFA.com. 24 March 2017. Retrieved 24 August 2017.
  35. ^ "I migliori difensori nell'uno contro uno (2000-2020)" (in Italian). www.ultimouomo.com. 29 April 2020. Retrieved 17 May 2020.
  36. ^ Gianni Mura (14 April 1997). "CHOC JUVENTUS, IL PARMA SOGNA". La Repubblica (in Italian). Retrieved 10 February 2018.
  37. ^ "Brothers Khéphren and Marcus Thuram are both in France squad". Associated Press. 16 March 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2024.
  38. ^ Smith, Andrew (13 June 2021). "Lilian Thuram on son Marcus's bid for Euro 2020 glory to match his own with France". The Scotsman. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  39. ^ "Transfer window: Charlton sign Yohann Thuram-Ulien". BBC Sport. 14 January 2014. Retrieved 27 December 2018.
  40. ^ Fourny, Marc (19 October 2013). "Le Marchand-Thuram : SMS, mensonges et trahisons" [Le Marchand-Thuram: SMS, lies and betrayals]. Le Point (in French). Retrieved 14 November 2020.
  41. ^ "Lilian Thuram marié à Kareen Guiock : ce détail de leur soirée qui a provoqué la colère du voisinage" [Lilian Thuram married Kareen Guiock: this detail of their evening which provoked the anger of the neighbours]. Closer (in French). 26 August 2022. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  42. ^ "A lighter shoe, cooler kits, a faster ball, a Secret Tournament – every touch counts". NikeBiz. Nike. Archived from the original on 2 June 2002. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  43. ^ Cozens, Claire (3 April 2002). "Cantona hosts World Cup with a difference". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 July 2012.
  44. ^ Bremner, Charles; Sage, Adam (10 November 2005). "Soccer heroes blame social injustice". The Times. Archived from the original on 13 March 2007. Retrieved 2 December 2006.
  45. ^ Bremner, Charles (7 September 2006). "Footballer plays political host". The Times. Retrieved 2 December 2006.[dead link‍]
  46. ^ "If you can keep a cool head". The Guardian. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  47. ^ "Oleguer and Thuram to present a manifesto supporting Catalan in Northern Catalonia". Avui (in Catalan). 10 March 2007. Archived from the original on 17 June 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2008.
  48. ^ Chrisafis, Angelique (29 November 2011). "Paris show unveils life in human zoo". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 November 2011.
  49. ^ "Current exhibitions: Human zoos". Musée du quai Branly. 22 November 2011. Archived from the original on 1 December 2011. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  50. ^ "Mariage pour tous : entre 125 000 et 400 000 personnes ont défilé à Paris", Agence France-Presse, 27 January 2013
  51. ^ "Mariage gay – Lilian Thuram : "Il faut préserver cette société laïque, qui pense l'égalité pour tous", Jeune Afrique, 25 January 2013
  52. ^ "Lilian Thuram Serie A stats". LegaSerieA.it. Archived from the original on 9 February 2014. Retrieved 9 February 2013.
  53. ^ "Lilian Ulien Thuram – Matches in European Cups". RSSSF. Retrieved 18 April 2013.
  54. ^ "Lilian Thuram – Century of International Appearances". RSSSF. Retrieved 30 June 2012.
  55. ^ a b c d "L. Thuram". Soccerway. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  56. ^ Pierrend, José Luis (6 March 2012). ""Onze Mondial" Awards". Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation. Retrieved 26 December 2015.
  57. ^ "France – Footballer of the Year". RSSSF. 8 January 2010. Archived from the original on 5 September 2015. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
  58. ^ "Italy – Footballer of the Year". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
  59. ^ José Luis Pierrend (9 June 1999). "FIFA Awards - World Cup 1998 "Golden Ball"". RSSSF. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
  60. ^ Karel Stokkermans (14 March 2007). "ESM XI". RSSSF. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
  61. ^ "UEFA Euro 2000 team of the tournament". uefa.com. UEFA. 1 January 2011. Retrieved 31 March 2015.
  62. ^ "Pele's list of the greatest". BBC Sport. 4 March 2004. Retrieved 15 June 2013.
  63. ^ "FIFPro World XI 2005/2006". FIFPro. 20 December 2013. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 9 June 2015.
  64. ^ "Eden Hazard meilleur joueur de Ligue 1" [Eden Hazard best Ligue 1 player] (in French). LFP. 22 May 2011. Retrieved 17 December 2015.
  65. ^ "Décret du 29 mars 2013 portant promotion et nomination" [Decree of 29 March 2013 on promotion and appointment]. Official Journal of the French Republic (in French). 2013 (77). 31 March 2013. PREX1307219D. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
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