Eduardo Guerrero Jr. (December 24, 1916 – March 17, 2005),[2] known as Lalo Guerrero, was an American guitarist, singer and farm labor activist best known for his strong influence on later Latin musical artists.[3]
Lalo Guerrero | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Eduardo Guerrero Jr. |
| Born | December 24, 1916 Tucson, Arizona, U.S. |
| Died | March 17, 2005 (aged 88) |
| Genres | |
| Occupations |
|
| Instrument | Guitar |
| Years active | 1939–2005 |
Early life
editThis section needs additional citations for verification. (April 2024) |
Eduardo Guerrero Jr., nicknamed "Lalo", was born in Tucson, Arizona, one of 21 siblings (although only nine survived). His father worked for the Southern Pacific Railroad. Guerrero left his hometown to pursue his dream in music. He says that he gives his mother all the credit for his musical talent, and Guerrero said she taught him to "embrace the spirit of being Chicano".[4]
Lalo's mother, Concepción, taught him some basic musical skills and encouraged him to hone them during adolescence. She was no professional musician but had taught herself to play guitar. His relationship with his mother greatly influenced his music; one of the major themes of his work was the visibility of the Chicana struggle for dignity. His first group, Los Carlistas (the quartet included Greg "Goyo" Escalante, Chole Salaz and Joe Salaz), represented Arizona at the 1939 New York World's Fair, and performed on the Major Bowes Amateur Hour on radio.
He moved to Los Angeles in the 1940s, and had a few uncredited roles in movies, including Boots and Saddles and His Kind of Woman. He recorded for Imperial Records and fronted the Trio Imperial. He also formed his own orchestra and toured throughout the Southwest. He performed at the La Bamba club in Hollywood, a place frequented by the biggest stars in the movie business. During the 1960s, he bought a night club in Los Angeles and renamed it "Lalo's".
During the 1940s, he became a friend of the Ronstadt family of Arizona, in particular Gilbert Ronstadt, father of popular vocalist Linda Ronstadt, who recalled childhood memories of Guerrero serenading her. At his funeral, she sang a traditional Mexican song in tribute.
Music
editGuerrero is known as the father of Chicano music.[5] He recorded and wrote many songs in all sorts of genres. He recorded over 700 songs since his first record in 1939 with Los Carlistas on Vocalion Records. As a songwriter Guerrero wrote songs for El Trio los Panchos, Lola Beltrán, and many other famous artists.
His first American hit was "Pancho López", a parody of the popular 1950s hit "The Ballad of Davy Crockett". Guerrero used the Davy Crockett melody and wrote his own lyrics, telling the story of a legendary Mexican character. Due to criticism he received over this song, he never performed it publicly, not wanting to contribute to an inappropriate stereotype. He went on to record several more parody songs, including "Pancho Claus," "Elvis Perez", "Tacos For Two" (to the tune of "Cocktails For Two"), and "There's No Tortillas" (to the tune of "O Sole Mio"). His earliest Pachuco compositions of the 1940s and 1950s were the basis of the Luis Valdez stage musical, Zoot Suit.
Labor songs
editHe also wrote songs about Cesar Chavez, other farm workers and braceros. Chavez said at tribute to Guerrero in 1992 in Palm Desert, California: "Lalo has chronicled the events of the Hispanic in this country a lot better than anyone."[6]
WWII: Zoot Suit and Pachuca/o Subculture
editDuring WWII, Mexican-American women known as Pachucas began to challenge societal norms in relation to gender, labor, communication and representation. Guerrero's music simultaneously evolved into the Zoot Suit (Pachuca/o) music of the 1940s and 1950s. His songs infused with Pachuco slang, a combination of informal Spanish and English, acted as a megaphone.[citation needed]
Children's music
editHe also wrote children's songs presented via his "Las Ardillitas," or "Three Little Squirrels", with his voice sped up. Ross Bagdasarian, Sr., creator of Alvin and the Chipmunks, threatened lawsuit over alleged similarities between the Chipmunks and Las Ardillitas, until Guerrero provided evidence that he had conceived Las Ardillitas first.[1]
In 1995 he recorded a children's album Papa's Dream with Los Lobos.[7]
Collaborations
editIn 2005, Guerrero was one of several Chicano musicians who collaborated with Ry Cooder on Cooder's Chávez Ravine album, for which he provided vocals on three songs ("Corrido de Boxeo", "Los Chucos Suaves", and "Barrio Viejo") which helped bring him, at the twilight of his life, to the attention of a wider Anglo audience. Guerrero recorded his last full CD on Break Records, a Los Angeles-based record label, this at age 83. This would become his last music CD. The recording is a collection of Guerrero's best "Zoot Suit" compositions of Latin swing "Pachuco" music.
Tributes
editGuerrero was officially declared a national folk treasure by the Smithsonian Institution in 1980[citation needed] and was presented with the National Medal of Arts in 1996 by then United States President Bill Clinton. In 1991 Guerrero received a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts, which is the United States government's highest honor in the folk and traditional arts.[8] In late 2005 Guerrero was posthumously inducted into the Arizona Music and Entertainment Hall of Fame. Along with that he was also inducted into the Tejano Hall of Fame and the Mariachi Hall of Fame.[9]
Guerrero's contributions have resulted in Las Glorias, a restaurant in central Phoenix, Arizona displaying a poster of him with his signature on it on the wall for everyone to see in loving memory of him. He also has a blown-up, candid photograph of him as a young man on the wall of a major underpass in Tucson. In Cathedral City, California, the main street in front of the Civic Center is named for him: Avenida Lalo Guerrero.
In 1994, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars dedicated to him.[10]
Personal life and death
editGuerrero was married for over 34 years to his wife Lidia Guerrero. They both lived in Cathedral City, California for over 28 years. Guerrero died on March 17, 2005, in Rancho Mirage, California. He was 88 years old.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i Ankeny, Jason. "Artist Biography". AllMusic. Retrieved March 9, 2022.
- ^ Govenar, Alan (2001). "Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero: Mexican American Singer, Guitarist, and Composer". Masters of Traditional Arts: A Biographical Dictionary. Vol. 1 (A-J). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio. pp. 227–229. ISBN 1576072401. OCLC 47644303.
- ^ "Guerrero, Lalo 1916–". Highbeam.com. Contemporary Authors. Gale. January 1, 2005. Archived from the original on April 14, 2016. Retrieved December 2, 2017.
- ^ "UCSB Library". Archived from the original on May 11, 2009.
- ^ John Shepherd, David Horn Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8: 1441160787 2012 "The Emergence of Chicano Music It is appropriate that Eduardo 'Lalo' Guerrero be recognized as 'the father of Chicano music' (Guerrero and Meece Mentes 2002).
- ^ Areyan, Alex Moreno (2010). Mexican Americans in Los Angeles. Arcadia Publishing. p. 20. ISBN 9780738580067.
- ^ Chris Morris Los Lobos: Dream in Blue 029274823X 2015 p.124 "The Chicano star—who of course had his own experience in the children's market with his Las Ardillitas records — became the narrator and centerpiece of Papa's Dream, which mated the music (curated by Eugene Rodriguez) with a script by Phillip Rodriguez and Al Carlos Hernandez. In keeping with its target audience, the narrative was thin but easy to follow: "Papa Lalo" (Guerrero) takes his "sons" (Los Lobos) and "grandkids" (the Children's Coro of Los Cenzontles Musical Arts Center of San Pablo) on a "Chicano blimp"... "
- ^ "NEA National Heritage Fellowships 1991". Arts.gov. National Endowment for the Arts. Archived from the original on September 27, 2020. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- ^ "Design d'intérieur". Originalchicano.com.
- ^ "The Brightest Stars from New-York to Los Angeles" (PDF). Palmspringswalkofstars.com. Archived from the original on December 8, 2012.
Further reading
edit- Guerrero, Lalo (2017). Pancho ClausⓇ (The Original). Bob Mackie, Illustrator. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781978060265.
- Guerrero, Lalo (2018). Pancho ClausⓇ (The Original): Volume 2 - Mario From the Barrio. Marc Melanson, Illustrator. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. ISBN 9781985384743.
