Kit houses in Michigan were a type of housing that was largely developed in the US state of Michigan throughout the first half of the 20th century. Michigan was home to the Aladdin Company, the first and longest-lived manufacturer of kit houses in North America, who had sales "in every part of the world, from Saskatchewan to Tahiti".[1] Lewis and Sterling, two other major manufacturers of kit houses, were also based in Michigan.
Starting with Aladdin's simple knock-down models, these kit houses quickly evolved into full-size homes that were based on the architectural styles of the period. Unlike pre-fabricated homes, these homes were shipped in thousands of individual parts that had to be constructed on-site. The introduction of pre-cut lumber pieces helped to expedite the construction process. Shipping pre-cut home parts across the United States, these companies turned Michigan into the "center of kit-home manufacturing".[2] Examples of the homes manufactured by these companies and other kit house manufacturers like Sears, Gordon-Van Tine and Wardway can be found in communities across the state of Michigan. These include clusters of homes and rare models that are notable in the history of kit houses, the oldest of which are now over 100 years old.
History
editAmong the first kit house companies was the Aladdin Company, based in Bay City, which started producing kit houses and other domestic buildings in 1906. Aladdin sold large orders of kit houses to companies in the extraction and manufacturing fields who used them to create neighborhoods of kit houses for employees of those companies. By 1918, 2.4% of all US housing starts could be credited to homes purchased from Aladdin.[3]
The lumber for early Aladdin homes was provided by the Lewis company of Bay City. In 1913, Lewis began to produce their own line of kit houses.[4] In 1915, the International Mill & Timber Company of Bay City began selling kit houses under the Sterling brand. The presence of three major manufacturers of kit houses was due in part to Bay City's history relation to the timber industry. This capacity to process large amounts of timber allowed these companies to easily supply the volume of lumber necessary for kit houses.
Unlike other kit house manufacturers that went out of the kit home business due to the Great Depression or the advent of World War II, all three Michigan-based companies continued to manufacture kit houses for a number of decades, with Lewis and Sterling closing in the 1970s and Aladdin being the last to close in 1982.[5] Several smaller companies including the McClure Company of Saginaw also produced kit houses that were sold around the country.[6]
Examples
editAladdin, Lewis and Sterling were all based in Bay City and the city's neighborhoods feature many kit houses from all three companies.[7] These include some of the largest kit house models from these companies that were built for executives of the kit house manufacturers. Other communities that have notable collections of existing kit houses include Ann Arbor,[8][9][10] Berkley, Clawson,[11] Detroit, Pontiac, Waterford, Flint, and Ypsilanti.
Michigan manufacturers and their competitors produced "streets lined with houses" in Ypsilanti, outside of the architectural norms set out in Marcus Whiffen's quintessential American Architecture Since 1780.[12] Later identified by comparison with their original manufacturers' catalogs, a number of homes have been chronicled by the Washtenaw Historical Society and Ypsilanti Historical Society and have been the subject of National Register of Historic Places nominations.[12][13] A number of kit houses in Michigan were featured in the sales catalogs of the various kit house manufacturers, and many of these "testimonial" homes still stand today.[10][14] While most kit homes are privately owned, a couple are publicly accessible. These include:
- Berkley: Roseland Park Cemetery - Aladdin Pomona
- Waterford: Hatchery House - Sterling Senator B
References
edit- ^ Roth, Ronica (September–October 1998). "Built in a Day: Capturing the era of catalog architecture". Humanities. 19 (5). National Endowment for the Humanities.
- ^ O'Toole, Randal (2012). American Nightmare: How Government Undermines the Dream of Homeownership. Cato Institute. p. 57. ISBN 978-1937184896.
- ^ Johnson, Donald Leslie (2013). On Frank Lloyd Wright's Concrete Adobe: Irving Gill, Rudolph Schindler and the American Southwest. Ashgate Publishing. p. 113. ISBN 978-1409428176.
- ^ Linvell Bund, Sally; Schweitzer, Robert. "The House that Lewis Built" (PDF). Historic House Colors. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ Schweitzer, Robert (August–September 2009). "Magic in a Box: Aladdin Bungalows" (PDF). Cottages & Bungalows: 72–76.
- ^ "McClure Houses in Cheverly". Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ "Home". Center Avenue Neighborhood Association. 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ Shackman, Grace; Schweitzer, Rob (January 1991). "Ann Arbor's Kit Homes". Ann Arbor Observer. Retrieved November 6, 2013.
- ^ "Mail Order Kit Homes: More and More Examples Identified Locally" (PDF). Washtenaw Impressions. March 1991. pp. 2–5. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ a b "Ann Arbor: An Impressive Ensemble of Kit Homes". Sears Modern Homes. March 7, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ "Homes by Mail: Kit Houses in Clawson". Clawson Historical Society. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ a b Schweitzer, Robert; Davis, Michael W. R. (1990). America's Favorite Homes: Mail-Order Catalogues as a Guide to Popular Early 20th-century Houses. Wayne State University Press. p. 13. ISBN 0814320066.
- ^ Phillips, Marcia D. (Spring 2005). "The Fullerton House at 111 East Forest". Ypsilanti Gleanings. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
- ^ "The Devonshire: Charming Home of Many Gables". Sears Modern Homes. February 21, 2013. Retrieved October 23, 2014.
Further reading
edit- Hunter, Rebecca (2004). Putting Sears Homes on the Map: A Compilation of Testimonials Published in Sears Modern Homes Catalogs 1908–1940. ISBN 0976209608.
- ——— (2012). Mail-Order Homes: Sears Homes and Other Kit Houses. Shire Books. ISBN 978-1782001034.
- Shackman, Grace (2002). Ann Arbor in the 20th Century: A Photographic History. Arcadia Press. ISBN 0738520101.
grace shackman sears.
- Shepherd, Sue (2008). "Bay City, Michigan, Kit Home Central".
- Stevenson, Katherine Cole; Jandl, H. Ward (1986). Houses by Mail: A Guide to Houses from Sears, Roebuck and Company. Wiley. ISBN 0471143944.
- Thornton, Rosemary (2004). Finding the Houses that Sears Built: A Guide to the 60 Most Popular Designs. Gentle Beam Publications. ISBN 0971558825.
- ——— (2004). The Houses That Sears Built: Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Sears Catalog Homes (2nd ed.). Gentle Beam Publications. ISBN 0971558817.
- Wolicki, Dale Patrick; Thornton, Rosemary (2010). Montgomery Ward's Mail-Order Homes: A History and Field Guide to Wardway Homes. Gentle Beam Publications. ISBN 978-0971558861.