The Kendayan (also known as Dayak Kenyan or Kanayatn) are an Indonesian ethnic group native to Kalimantan, Indonesia in Borneo. The population of the group is around 366,000.
 A Kendayan dancer in traditional attire performs at a church dedication service in Landak Regency, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 366,000[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
 Indonesia (West Kalimantan) | |
| Languages | |
| Kendayan language, Indonesian | |
| Religion | |
| Folk religion (predominantly), Christianity, Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Bidayuh (Selako people) |
Language
editKanayatn languages has a high dialectal variety, it encompass the Brahe, Badame, Jare, and Bang App dialects. Socio-linguistically, it is very difficult to specify the language repertoire because it is used with various dialects and patois pronunciation. However, these languages are all considered a part of the Malayic language family which also includes Indonesia's official language, Bahasa Indonesia.
The increased adoption of Indonesian words by the Kanayatn has drastically changed Dayak Kanayatn dialects for modern speakers. With many speakers of traditional dialects in the older generations, this change has resulted in communication problems between generations.
Weapons
editThe Tangkitn is a unique weapon to the Kanayatn people and was used as their primary head-hunting weapon in the past.[2] In the Salako language, the Tangkitn is also referred to as the Parang Pandat. The Kanayatn tribe employed shields to deflect attacks from swords. According to the Kanayatn people in Mempawah (Compaq-mem pa wah Hulu-mental-too-Sada Niang), there are two types of shields in Kanayatn culture: Gun amp and Jabakng. However, according to Kanayatn members in Landak (including sea Ambawang and Kuala Mandor), there is just one type of shield, namely Gun amp.
Religion
editThe original religion of the Kanayatn people is not the Kaharingan as it is with the Dayak people. Kanayatn Dayak's indigenous religion is inseparable from their customs (Adat). It can even be said their customs assert their religious identity. In daily practice, Kanayatn Dayak people never mention religion as their normative, but Adat (custom). This religious system is not a Hindu Kaharingan system.
Kanayatn people refer to God as Juba.[3] Juba is said to have passed down indigenous customs to the ancestors of Dayak Kanayatn located in Bukit Ba wang (now entering the district Bengkayang). In expressing belief in Jubata, they have a place of worship called "panyugu" or "padagi" (kadiaman).[4] It is also important for the panyangahatn priest to become a liaison between man and God (Jubata).[5]
Today, many Dayak Kanayatn have embraced other religions, including Christianity and Islam. Kenanyatn people who have embraced another religion may no longer consider themselves as Dayak Kanayatn once they have abandoned their customary practices. Similarly, Kanayatn people who have embraced Islam will no longer regard themselves as Dayak, but as Malay people or Orang laut.
Ethnic origins (disputed)
editThe Kanayatn were grouped into the category clump Land Dayak-Kalimantan by H. J. Mallinckrodt; but according to C. H. Duman, they are part of the Kanayatn Dayak Ot Danum Clump-Maanyan-Ngaju. However, research completed by W. Stohr conflicts with C. H. Duman's theory. Stohr's research suggests that when considering aspects of the region, language and customary law, the Dayak Kanayatn group appears to be more closely associated with the Land Dayak-Kalimantan group than the Ot-Danum-Maanyan-Ngaju group. Landmark District names have been based on the majority Dayak community Kanayatn which is part of the clump Land Dayak (or Land Djak in Dutch spelling). Kanayatn and Salako are, in fact, one tribe and Salako people assume that "Kanayatn" is not the real name of this tribe.
Folk songs
edit- Kao Ada Ka Atiku[6]
- Tagila-Gila[7]
- Taringat Ka' Kao[8]
- Cintaku Ka' Ia[9]
- Pasatn Urakng Tuha[10]
- Batamu[11]
- Babalas Pantun[12]
- Gawe Panganten[13]
- Nunggu Kao Pulakng[14]
- Bakanalatn[15]
- Lupa Ka' Janji[16]
- Buah Atiku[17]
- Sayang[18]
- Bapantun[19]
- Kambang Bepanggel[20]
- Sayangku Ka Kao[21]
- Ka'o Ningalat'n[22]
- Malam Batabur Bintakng[23]
- Niat Idup Badua[24]
- 4 Tingkakok Nimang Padi[25]
References
edit- ^ "Dayak Kendayan in Indonesia". Joshua Project. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Indonesia. Kementerian Percepatan Pembangunan Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Deputi Bidang Pengembangan Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya". Potensi Seni Dan Budaya Serta Pariwisata Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Deputi Bidang Pengembangan Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Budaya. 2005. OCLC 215153223.
- ^ Mudiyono (1990). Sistem Pengendalian Social Traditional Desa Tiang Tanjung, Propinsi Kalimantan Barat. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya. OCLC 555243328.
- ^ Hermann Vierling (1990). Hermeneutik, Stammesreligion, Evangelium: interkulturelle Kommunikation bei den Kendayan. Gütersloher Verlagshaus G. Mohn. ISBN 3-5790-0243-0.
- ^ Rohany (1990). Peralatan Produksi Tradisional Dan Perkembangannya Daerah Kalimantan Barat. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Kanwil Depdikbud Propinsi Kalimantan Barat, Proyek Inventarisasi dan Pembinaan Nilai-Nilai Budaya Kalimantan Barat. OCLC 551341177.
- ^ "Kao ada ka atiku". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Tagila-gila". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "TARINGAT KA' KAO". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "CINTAKU KA' IA". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "PASATN URAKNG TUHA". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "BATAMU". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "BABALAS PANTUN". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "GAWE PANGANTEN". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "NUNGGU KAO PULAKNG". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Bakanalatn". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "LUPA KA' JANJI". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "BUAH ATIKU". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "SAYANG". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "BAPANTUN". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "kambang bepanggel". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Sayangku Ka Kao". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Ka'o Ningalat'n". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Malam Batabur Bintakng". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "Niat Idup Badua". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
- ^ "4 Tingkakok Nimang Padi". YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15. Retrieved 2014-11-07.
