The Kavkazsky otdel[a] was a Cossack district (otdel) of the Kuban oblast of the Caucasus Viceroyalty of the Russian Empire. It bordered the Yeysky otdel to the north, the Tamansky otdel to the west, the Yekaterinodarsky and Maykopsky otdels to the south, and the Stavropol Governorate to the east. The area of the Kavkazsky otdel mostly corresponded to the contemporary Krasnodar Krai region of the Russian Federation. The district was eponymously named for its administrative center, Kavkazskaya.[1]
Kavkazsky otdel
Кавказскій отдѣлъ | |
|---|---|
 Location in the Kuban Oblast | |
| Country | Russian Empire |
| Viceroyalty | Caucasus |
| Oblast | Kuban |
| Established | 1876 |
| Abolished | 1924 |
| Capital | Kavkazskaya |
| Area | |
• Total | 15,866.18 km2 (6,125.97 sq mi) |
| Population (1916) | |
• Total | 462,235 |
| • Density | 29/km2 (75/sq mi) |
| • Rural | 100.00% |
Administrative divisions
editThe subcounties (uchastoks) of the Kavkazsky otdel in 1912 were as follows:[2]
| Name | 1912 population |
|---|---|
| 1-y uchastok (1-й участокъ) | 44,713 |
| 2-y uchastok (2-й участокъ) | 40,780 |
| 3-y uchastok (3-й участокъ) | 59,122 |
| 4-y uchastok (4-й участокъ) | 56,488 |
Demographics
editRussian Empire Census
editAccording to the Russian Empire Census, the Kavkazsky otdel had a population of 249,182 on 28 January [O.S. 15 January] 1897, including 126,540 men and 122,642 women. The majority of the population indicated Russian to be their mother tongue, with a significant Ukrainian speaking minority.[3]
| Language | Native speakers | % |
|---|---|---|
| Russian | 127,385 | 51.12 |
| Ukrainian | 114,037 | 45.76 |
| German | 3,972 | 1.59 |
| Belarusian | 757 | 0.30 |
| Armenian | 728 | 0.29 |
| Polish | 378 | 0.15 |
| Tatar[b] | 335 | 0.13 |
| Romanian | 307 | 0.12 |
| Romani | 279 | 0.11 |
| Greek | 182 | 0.07 |
| Czech | 117 | 0.05 |
| Latvian | 101 | 0.04 |
| Bulgarian | 96 | 0.04 |
| Mordovian | 89 | 0.04 |
| Georgian | 85 | 0.03 |
| Kalmyk | 66 | 0.03 |
| Ossetian | 63 | 0.03 |
| Turkish | 36 | 0.01 |
| Jewish | 30 | 0.01 |
| Kazi-Kumukh | 23 | 0.01 |
| Kyurin | 23 | 0.01 |
| Circassian | 17 | 0.01 |
| Lithuanian | 15 | 0.01 |
| Kabardian | 12 | 0.00 |
| Kumyk | 10 | 0.00 |
| Persian | 6 | 0.00 |
| Nogai | 5 | 0.00 |
| Estonian | 3 | 0.00 |
| Avar-Andean | 2 | 0.00 |
| Karachay | 1 | 0.00 |
| Other | 22 | 0.01 |
| TOTAL | 249,182 | 100.00 |
Kavkazskiy kalendar
editAccording to the 1917 publication of Kavkazskiy kalendar, the Kavkazsky otdel had a population of 462,235 on 14 January [O.S. 1 January] 1916, including 235,883 men and 226,352 women, 235,550 of whom were the permanent population, and 226,685 were temporary residents:[6]
| Nationality | Number | % |
|---|---|---|
| Russians | 454,981 | 98.43 |
| Other Europeans | 5,280 | 1.14 |
| Armenians | 1,046 | 0.23 |
| Shia Muslims[c] | 629 | 0.14 |
| Georgians | 224 | 0.05 |
| North Caucasians | 72 | 0.02 |
| Jews | 3 | 0.00 |
| TOTAL | 462,235 | 100.00 |
Notes
edit- ^
- ^ Before 1918, Azerbaijanis were generally known as "Tatars". This term, employed by the Russians, referred to Turkic-speaking Muslims of the South Caucasus. After 1918, with the establishment of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic and "especially during the Soviet era", the Tatar group identified itself as "Azerbaijani".[4][5]
- ^ Primarily Tatars.[7]
References
edit- ^ Tsutsiev 2014.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1913 год, pp. 176–183.
- ^ a b "Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник статистических показателей". www.demoscope.ru. Retrieved 2022-05-17.
- ^ Bournoutian 2018, p. 35 (note 25).
- ^ Tsutsiev 2014, p. 50.
- ^ Кавказский календарь на 1917 год, pp. 222–229.
- ^ Hovannisian 1971, p. 67.
Bibliography
edit- Bournoutian, George A. (2018). Armenia and Imperial Decline: The Yerevan Province, 1900–1914. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-06260-2. OCLC 1037283914.
- Hovannisian, Richard G. (1971). The Republic of Armenia: The First Year, 1918–1919. Vol. 1. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520019843.
- Кавказский календарь на 1913 год [Caucasian calendar for 1913] (in Russian) (68th ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1913. Archived from the original on 19 April 2022.
- Кавказский календарь на 1917 год [Caucasian calendar for 1917] (in Russian) (72nd ed.). Tiflis: Tipografiya kantselyarii Ye.I.V. na Kavkaze, kazenny dom. 1917. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021.
- Tsutsiev, Arthur (2014). Atlas of the Ethno-Political History of the Caucasus (PDF). Translated by Nora Seligman Favorov. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 9780300153088. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 June 2023.