Joseph Chatt CBE FRS[1] (6 November 1914 – 19 May 1994) was a renowned British researcher in the area of inorganic and organometallic chemistry. His name is associated with the description of the pi-bond between transition metals and alkenes, the Dewar–Chatt–Duncanson model.
Career and contributions
edit2.svg)
Chatt received his Ph.D. at the University of Cambridge under the direction of F. G. Mann for research on organoarsenic and organophosphorus compounds and their complexes with transition metals.[2] He was employed at Imperial Chemical Industries from 1949 to 1962, during which time he published influential work on the metal hydrides and metal alkene complexes. During this period, he reported the first example of C-H bond activation by a transition metal[3] and the first non-organometallic transition metal hydride.[4] While at ICI, he work with several future luminaries, including Luigi M. Venanzi, Lidia Vallarino, and especially Bernard L. Shaw.
In the 1960s, Chatt moved to a professorship at the University of Sussex and subsequently assumed directorship of the Nitrogen Fixation Unit under the Agricultural Research Council.[5] Using the transition metal dinitrogen complex W(N2)2(dppe)2, his group first demonstrated the conversion of a dinitrogen ligand into ammonia. This work provided some of the first molecular models for nitrogen fixation. Chatt authored or co-authored over 300 peer-reviewed publications.[6]
Among his many awards, he was recognized with the 1981 Wolf Prize "for pioneering and fundamental contributions to synthetic transition metal chemistry, particularly transition metal hydrides and dinitrogen complexes." He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1961 and was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.[1]
In 1995, a year after his death, the Unit of Nitrogen Fixation moved to Norwich and became part of the John Innes Centre. The new building, as well as an annual lecture at the Centre, were named in his honour.[7]
References
edit- ^ a b Eaborn, C.; Leigh, G. J. (1996). "Joseph Chatt, C. B. E. 6 November 1914-19 May 1994". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 42: 96. doi:10.1098/rsbm.1996.0007.
- ^ Chatt, J.; Mann, F. G. (1939). "139. The synthesis of ditertiary arsines. Meso- and racemic forms of bis-4-covalent-arsenic compounds". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 610. doi:10.1039/JR9390000610.
- ^ Chatt, J.; Davidson, J. M. (1965). "154. The tautomerism of arene and ditertiary phosphine complexes of ruthenium(0), and the preparation of new types of hydrido-complexes of ruthenium(II)". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 843. doi:10.1039/JR9650000843.
- ^ Chatt, J.; Duncanson, L. A.; Shaw, B. L. (1957). "A Volatile Chlorohydride of Platinum". Proceedings of the Chemical Society: 329-368. doi:10.1039/PS9570000329.
- ^ Leigh, G.J. (editor), N. W. Winterton (editor), Modern Coordination Chemistry: The Legacy of Joseph Chatt, Springer Verlag (2002). ISBN 0-85404-469-8
- ^ "Joseph Chatt publications". Academictree.org. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
- ^ "The Chatt Lecture". Archived from the original on 5 November 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2015.