Joseph Balestier (19 Mar 1788–12 Nov 1858), was a planter and merchant who was the first United States consul in Rhiau and in Singapore.[1] In 1849, he was appointed Envoy and Diplomatic Agent of the United States to South Eastern Asia.[2]
Born in Saint-Pierre, Martinique,[3] Balestier first arrived in the United states in 1798 and was naturalized as a citizen in March 1809.[4] He was appointed Consul in Rhiau, and left from Philadelphia 27 December 1833 on the ship Arno with his wife Maria Revere and their son Joseph Warren Revere Balestier, arriving in Singapore 16 May 1834.[5] Although he was the Consul to Rhio, he resided in Singapore and became the US Consul to Singapore in 1836 once American ships were given equal trading rights with the East India Company. In Singapore, he had a large house on a 1,000 acre sugar-cane and cotton plantation, with a plant to manufacture sugar and rum. He served until 1852, although he actually left the country due to ill-health 7 May 1848. Leaving Joseph Harvey Weed as acting US Consul.
Balestier returns to Asia in 1850 for the U.S. Diplomatic mission of Amity and Commerce.[6] The USS Plymouth leaves Macao 21 Feb 1850 making stops at Cochin-China, Feb 1850; Bangkok, 24 March; Pulau Subi, 19 May; Kuching, Sarawak, 27 May; Brunei, 23 June; and finally Labuan, 26 June. At Labuan Balestier negotiated a treaty with Brunei, which was ratified by the US Senate on 23 June 1852.[7]
Joseph Balestier was a friend of James Brooke, Rajah of Sarawak, from his visit to Singapore in 1839, and wrote an article supporting him when opposition arose in America.[8]
Balestier married Maria Revere (1785–1847), daughter of Paul Revere, in Boston, Massachusetts in 1814. Maria donated the Revere Bell to St. Andrew's Church in Singapore in 1843.
He died in York, Pennsylvania.
The area of Balestier in Singapore is named after him and is the site of his sugar plantation.
Art Stage Singapore and the Embassy of the United States, Singapore jointly organize the Joseph Balestier Award for the Freedom of Art to honor an artist or curator from the Southeast Asian region who is actively committed to the ideals of liberty and freedom of expression, and through his or her work, continually seeks to express these ideals.[9]
References
edit- ^ Joseph Balestier in Singapore Infopedia Archived 2012-02-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Miller, Robert Hopkins. The United States and Vietnam, 1787-1941. Washington, DC: National Defense University Press. OCLC 90013317. Retrieved June 20, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "National Archives at Boston; Waltham, Massachusetts; ARC Title: Copies of Petitions and Records of Naturalization in New England Courts, 1939 - ca. 1942; NAI Number: 4752894; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service". ancestry.com.
- ^ "National Archives at Boston; Waltham, Massachusetts; ARC Title: Copies of Petitions and Records of Naturalization in New England Courts, 1939 - ca. 1942; NAI Number: 4752894; Record Group Title: Records of the Immigration and Naturalization Service". ancestry.com.
- ^ "Singapore Chronicle and Commercial Register". 22 May 1834. p. 3.
- ^ "The Straits Times". 19 March 1850. p. 4.
- ^ "The Straits Times". 7 September 1852. p. 7.
- ^ Mr.Brooke of Sarawack, pp.56-60 in The Merchants' Magazine and Commercial Review, Volume 18 (New York, Jan, 1848)
- ^ "Aye Ko wins 2017 Joseph Balestier Award for the Freedom of Art". U.S. Embassy in Singapore. 2017-01-12. Retrieved 2019-09-01.