José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza (1750–1802) was a portrait painter from New Spain known for being the first painter of significance to work in Spanish colonial New Orleans, Louisiana.[1][2]
Biography
editSalazar was born to Salvador de Salazar and Feliciana Ojeda y Bazquez on the Yucatán peninsula in Mérida, Mexico.[3] He attended the Academy of San Carlos in Mexico City. In 1782, he moved to New Orleans with his wife, Maria Antonia Magaña (d. 1793) and their two children, a son, José, and daughter, Francisca de Salazar y Magaña, both of whom became artists. Shortly after moving. they had another son, José Casiano. In 1788, their home was destroyed in a fire, and the family moved into a church building. In 1791, the family was living on St. Philip Street, near St. Louis Cathedral, where their youngest son, Ramon Rafael de la Crus, was born.[1] Salazar died on August 15, 1802.[4]
Work
editSalazar is considered the foremost painter in Spanish Colonial Louisiana.[4] He painted the portraits of many prominent citizens of colonial Louisiana, including members of the church, government and the military. Some of his well-known sitters include Marianne Celeste Dragon, Don Carlos Trudeau Laveau, Joseph Montegut, Ignacio Balderas, Don Almonaster y Rojas, and Bishop Luis Ignatius Cardenas y Peñalver, among others. His paintings are in the late Baroque style that was favored in Spanish colonies[1] and show the influence of Mexican provincial styles.[4] The art historian Judith Bonner believes that Salazar's daughter Francisca worked with him due to certain drawing and painting inconsistencies found in his work.[4] His use of transparent glazes and dark backgrounds has been compared to Goya.[4]
Collections
editSalazar's work is held in many museums. It is included in the Louisiana State Museum collection,[1] the Newcomb Art Museum collection,[5] Worcester Art Museum,[6] and the Historical Society of Pennsylvania,[7] among other institutions.
Gallery
edit-
Portrait of Marianne Celeste Dragon or Dracos, c. 1795 -
Portrait of Lieutenant Michel Dragon, father of Marianne Celeste Dragon, c. 1810 -
Portrait of Captain Anthony Knapp, c. 1801 -
Portrait of Matias Francisco Alpuente y Ruiz, c. 1785–1795 -
Portrait of a mother-and-child, c. 1785–1795 -
Portrait of Charles Trudeau Laveau, c. 1800 -
Portrait of Sebastián Calvo de la Puerta y O'Farrill, c. 1800
References
edit- ^ a b c d "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". Louisiana State Museum. 14 February 2014. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". LSU Collection. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ Bonner, Judith H. "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". 64 Parishes.
- ^ a b c d e Bonner, Judith H (2013). "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". New Encyclopedia of Southern Culture. University of North Carolina Press. pp. 396–398. ISBN 9780807834428. JSTOR 10.5149/9781469607993_crown.220.
- ^ "Charles Laveau Trudeau by José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". Newcomb Art Museum. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "José Francisco Xavier de Salazar y Mendoza". Worcester Art Museum. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
- ^ "Captain John Morgan". National Portrait Gallery. Retrieved 22 March 2021.
Further reading
edit- Gontar, Cybele, ed. (2018). Salazar: Portraits of Influence in Spanish New Orleans, 1785–1802. Ogden Museum of Southern Art and the University of New Orleans Press. ISBN 978-1608011544.