Johannes "John" Lind (March 25, 1854 – September 18, 1930) was an American politician from Minnesota.[1] He served as the 14th Governor of Minnesota from 1899 to 1901 and represented the state in the United States Congress for four terms. Lind also played an important role in the Mexican Revolution as an envoy for President Woodrow Wilson.
John Lind | |
|---|---|
 Lind in 1899 | |
| 14th Governor of Minnesota | |
| In office January 2, 1899 – January 7, 1901 | |
| Lieutenant | Lyndon Ambrose Smith |
| Preceded by | David Marston Clough |
| Succeeded by | Samuel Rinnah Van Sant |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Minnesota | |
| In office March 4, 1887 – March 3, 1893 | |
| Preceded by | James Wakefield |
| Succeeded by | James McCleary |
| Constituency | 2nd district |
| In office March 4, 1903 – March 3, 1905 | |
| Preceded by | Loren Fletcher |
| Succeeded by | Loren Fletcher |
| Constituency | 5th district |
| Personal details | |
| Born | March 25, 1854 Kånna, Kronoberg County, Småland, Sweden-Norway |
| Died | September 18, 1930 (aged 76) Minneapolis, Minnesota, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican (1886–1898) Democrat (after 1898) |
| Spouse | Alice A. Shepard |
| Alma mater | University of Minnesota Law School |
| Profession | educator |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | United States of America |
| Branch/service | United States Army |
| Years of service | 1898 |
| Rank | First Lieutenant |
| Unit | 12th Minnesota Volunteer Infantry |
| Battles/wars | Spanish–American War |
Early life and career
editLind was born on March 25, 1854, in Kånna, Kronoberg County in the Swedish province of Småland. He was born to the farmer Peter Gustaf Jonasson and his wife Katrina Jonasdotter.[1] When he was thirteen years old (in 1868), he emigrated to the United States with his parents. He worked as a teacher and superintendent before graduating from the University of Minnesota Law School.
Lind settled in New Ulm to practice law. Most of the inhabitants were German, but Lind adjusted by learning to speak German almost as fluently as he could Swedish. He was soon known among the lawyers across the ninth circuit.
He joined the Republican party almost as soon as he set up his office; most Swedes made the same choice in Minnesota. While he could not yet vote in the 1872 presidential election, he stood at the polls to hand out ballots. Party loyalty brought the usual rewards: a receivership in the United States Land Office in 1881, and 1886 a Republican nomination to Congress.[2] Lind was so devoted to his law practice that in the very convention that first nominated him to Congress, he left before proceedings had closed to attend to a client in the court down at Lincoln County.
United States Representative
editLind was no great orator, but he had special advantages. His district was Republican, generally by a two-to-one margin. The Swedish vote was dependably in favor of Lind, as well, and so were the Germans in New Ulm, thanks to his wide professional acquaintanceship with them. Farmers also resented the duty on binding-twine in the protective tariff, and ran as a moderate tariff revisionist. His support for placing lumber on the duty-free list was far more popular within his district than in the lumber-producing regions in the north of the state. Concerned over the destruction of the nation's forests and a strong supporter for the national timber-culture law, he hoped that a larger importation of foreign lumber would slacken the timber companies' appetite for American trees.[3]
Lind served as a Republican in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1887, to March 3, 1893, in the 50th, 51st, and 52nd congresses. As a member of the House Commerce Committee, he handled all the bills dealing with bridge construction in the Northwest and stood fast against monopoly privileges. Any railroad company authorized to span a river would have to guarantee free use by every other railroad, in return for reasonable compensation. Lind offered an anti-trust bill of his own, forbidding railroads from carrying any of the so-called patent cars—those like the oil-cars that Standard Oil built, or the refrigerator cars that the meat-packers designed—that could not be furnished to all shippers at equal and fair rates. Even when he supported the McKinley protective tariff, the highest in history, he made himself conspicuous trying to cut the rates on jute-bagging for small shippers and in his fight against a seven hundred percent hike in the protection given to binding-twine manufacturers.[4] In 1890, when the Farmers' Alliances were defeating other Minnesota Republican congressmen, Lind survived re-election challenges.
Lind chose not to continue in the House. His law practice had been neglected, and, with no independent means, he found it better to announce his retirement at the end of the Fifty-Second Congress.
Governor of Minnesota
edit
Lind served in the Spanish–American War in 1898.
Lind also served in the United States House of Representatives from March 4, 1903, to March 3, 1905, as a Democrat. When he was elected Governor of Minnesota, he was the first non-Republican to hold that office in forty years.
Lind did not withdraw from politics entirely, and was considered for the Republican nomination for governor in 1892, but was conspicuously uninterested. Four years later, however, he ran for governor as a Democrat. He lost but Minnesota remained a firmly Republican state.
In 1898, Lind ran again and was elected with the endorsement of the Populists and Silver Republicans. He served as the 14th Governor of Minnesota from January 2, 1899, to January 7, 1901.
Mexican Revolution
edit
On March 4, 1913, Woodrow Wilson was sworn in as President of the United States shortly after the February 22 assassination of Mexican President Francisco I. Madero and Vice President José María Pino Suárez. It soon became clear that U.S. Ambassador Henry Lane Wilson was complicit in the plot.
General Victoriano Huerta was now president of Mexico, and Wilson and Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan immediately sent Lind to Mexico as Envoy for Mexican Affairs. Lind had financial interests in Mexico and had long-standing ties with other U.S. landholders.[5]
Lind attempted to persuade Huerta to call prompt elections and not stand as a candidate in them, but Huerta refused. Lind "threatened a military intervention by the United States in case the demands were rejected," but promised an American loan to Mexico if Huerta stepped aside.[6] When rebellions broke against the Huerta regime, Lind backed Venustiano Carranza, a large landowner and former Governor of Coahuila, and his Constitutionalist faction against more radical elements in the rebellion, mainly Constitutionalist Army general Pancho Villa.[7]
Personal life
edit
In 1879 he married Alice A. Shepard.[1]
Lind was known for having a temper. According to an article on the front page of the Moose Lake (Minnesota) Star on January 17, 1901: "Ex-governor John Lind after having freed himself from the duties of the governor last Thursday walked down to the Dispatch office in St. Paul and administered to Editor Black a well-deserved licking. For a one-armed man, John Lind can make some telling blows once in a while."
Death
editHe died on September 18, 1930 in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c "Svenska män och kvinnor - biografisk uppslagsbok". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved March 12, 2024.
- ^ Winona Daily Republican, July 17, 1886.
- ^ St. Paul Dispatch, July 7, 1886; Congressional Record, 50th Congress, 1st session, p. 4777 (May 31, 1888).
- ^ Congressional Record, 51st Congress, 1st session, pp. 5053–54 (May 20, 1890); St. Paul Pioneer Press, September 17, October 5, 1890.
- ^ John Mason Hart, The Mexican Revolution. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press 1987, p. 285.
- ^ Friedrich Katz, The Secret War in Mexico. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1981, p. 167.
- ^ Hart, Mexican Revolution, p. 281.
External links
edit
- John Lind house at the City of Minneapolis website.
- John Lind photographs[permanent dead link] at the Hennepin County Library.
- John Lind photographs at the Minnesota Historical Society.
- United States Congress. "John Lind (id: L000319)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Biographical information, his gubernatorial records, and personal papers are available for research use at the Minnesota Historical Society.
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress