John Biggs (11 April 1801 – 4 June 1871)[1][2] was a British hosier and Liberal and Radical politician.[3][4][5][6][7]
John Biggs | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Biggs as painted by an unknown artist | |
| Member of Parliament for Leicester | |
| In office 18 June 1856 – 17 February 1862 Serving with William Unwin Heygate (1861–1862) Joseph William Noble (1859–1861) John Dove Harris (1857–1859) Joshua Walmsley (1856–1857) | |
| Preceded by | Joshua Walmsley Richard Gardner |
| Succeeded by | William Unwin Heygate Peter Alfred Taylor |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 11 April 1801 Leicester |
| Died | 4 June 1871 (aged 70) |
| Resting place | Welford Road Cemetery, Leicester |
| Nationality | British |
| Political party | Liberal |
| Other political affiliations | Radical |
| Parent(s) | John Biggs Elizabeth Heggs |
Early life and business
editBiggs was born in Leicester, the oldest of the seven children of John Biggs (1774–1827) and his wife Elizabeth Heggs (1780–1862).[7] John Biggs the elder had come to the town from Withybrook in Warwickshire at the end of the eighteenth century and set up a small hosiery business. Young John and his three brothers, Thomas, William and Joseph, joined the business and built it up to such an extent that, by the time of their father's death in 1827, John Biggs and Sons was one of the largest firms in Leicester, with exports to North America and Australia.[8] In Biggs's hands, the business innovated in hosiery and glovemaking, and invested heavily in equipping a steam-powered factory.[7] Another Leicester hosier Thomas Corah had already made his factory entirely steam driven and was under selling the Biggs brothers. [9]
Political career
editReformer
editBiggs engaged in campaigning for political reform early into his life, helping found the Political Union and Reform Society in 1826, and supporting the anti-Corn Laws campaign. By 1846, he and a fellow hosier were named as 'the Cobden and Bright of the Midland Counties', referring to Radical leaders Richard Cobden and John Bright.[7]
His reform views led him to become one of the leaders of the reformed corporation of Leicester, and he was made mayor in 1840, 1847 and 1856, while also a borough magistrate from 1849. Yet, his views were rejected while he was in office, with "modest proposals" for street-widening and a town hall dismissed by the Improvement committee in 1845.[7]
In 1849 he became the first president of the Leicester Freehold Land Society whose aim was to make money from the purchase of land and the building of houses or selling it for building. Another aim was to gain its members a vote in county elections by giving them an income valued at forty shillings a year, thereby, in the words of Biggs in the inaugural meeting, "overthrowing the Tory domination in the county." In this latter aim the Society probably had limited success. [10]
Becoming disillusioned with the Reform Society and local MPs Joshua Walmsley and Richard Gardner, Biggs turned "ultra-radical" and sought to return what he believed truly radical MPs for Leicester and a popular franchise. Eventually, this led to Walmsley and Gardner being unseated and replaced by John Ellis and Richard Harris, causing a 15-year battle between local Liberal factions.[7]
Member of Parliament
editBiggs was elected Radical MP for Leicester at a by-election in 1856—caused by the death of Richard Gardner—and became known as the 'Dictator' of a 'Chartist clique' by local opponents.[11][7]
Biggs held the seat until 1863, when he recognised a union was needed between the warring Liberal factions—spurred by a Conservative victory by William Unwin Heygate at an 1861 by-election for the borough—and resigned from politics altogether.[11][7]
Later life
editFollowing his departure from politics, Biggs fell foul of several other personal problems, starting with financial failure. After racking up debts of more than £10,000, his house had to be sold, along with paintings he owned, and his business was sold to another firm as a going concern.[7]
Meanwhile, his sister died, and her husband James Francis Hollings—editor of the Leicestershire Mercury and historian and luminary of the Literary and Philosophical Society—committed suicide.[7]
In 1871, living unmarried, Biggs too died, leaving behind little wealth but what some historians describe as a significant impact on the city. The town hall he had campaigned for during his earlier political life was approved and built, frame-rent was abolished, and the reunited Liberal party was "rescued... from their inertia".[7]
Biggs was buried at Welford Road Cemetery.[7]
Memorials
editAfter Biggs' death, his friends launched a public subscription to fund a simple plaque over his grave. Encouraged by the campaigning of local printer John Burton, the response was so great that the plan was changed to involve the erection of a statue in the town.[8]: 30
The result, a statue in Sicilian marble by George Anderson Lawson was unveiled in Welford Place on 15 April 1873.[12] Unfortunately, it was damaged in a collision with a tram,[13] and replaced by a bronze cast of the original in 1930.[4] The statue was grade II listed on 14 March 1975.[14]
P. L. Quinn suggests that the character of Augustus Debarry in George Eliot's novel Felix Holt, the Radical is based upon John Biggs.[15]
References
edit- ^ "Roll of Mayors: John Biggs". Leicester City Council. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012.
- ^ Leigh Rayment's Historical List of MPs – Constituencies beginning with "L" (part 2)
- ^ Newitt, Ned. "John Biggs". The Who's Who of Radical Leicester. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ a b "Art and sculpture". Friends of New Walk. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ Moore, James R. (2017). "Leicester Liberalism: An Uneasy Alliance". The Transformation of Urban Liberalism: Party Politics and Urban Governance in Late Nineteenth-Century England. Routledge. p. 89. ISBN 9781351126038. Retrieved 15 May 2018.
- ^ "Leicester Election". Nairnshire Telegraph and General Advertiser for the Northern Counties. 25 June 1856. p. 2. Retrieved 15 May 2018 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Evans, R. H. (29 May 2014) [2004]. "Biggs, John (1801–1871), hosier and political reformer". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/58341. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b Evans, R. H. (1972). "The Biggs family of Leicester" (PDF). Transactions of the Leicestershire Archaeological and Historical Society. 48: 29–58.
- ^ Elliott, Malcolm (1879). Victorian Leicester. Chichester: Phillimore. p. 27. ISBN 0 850 33 327 X.
- ^ Elliott, M Victorian Leicester p108
- ^ a b Craig, F. W. S., ed. (1977). British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (e-book) (1st ed.). London: Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-1-349-02349-3.
- ^ van der Krogt, René & Peter. "Leicester - John Biggs". Statues - Hither & Thither.
- ^ Crosby, Colin. "John Biggs Statue (Leicester)". Colin Crosby Heritage Tours.
- ^ Historic England. "Statue of John Biggs (1185472)". National Heritage List for England.
- ^ Quinn, P L (2017). Felix Holt, the True Story: Resolving the 150 year mystery of George Eliot's classic novel. Lulu.com. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-244-61150-7. Retrieved 15 May 2018.