Johann Adolf of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (18 May 1721, Gotha – 29 April 1799, Friedrichstanneck, now a district of Eisenberg, Thuringia), was a German prince of the House of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and a Saxon lieutenant general.
| Prince Johann Adolf | |
|---|---|
 Prince Johann Adolf of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg | |
| Born | 18 May 1721 Gotha, Duchy of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |
| Died | 29 April 1799 (aged 77) Friedrichstanneck, near Eisenberg, Germany |
| Burial | Chapel of Christiansburg Castle in Eisenberg |
| Spouse | Marie Maximiliane Elisabeth Schauer |
| Issue | Friedrich Adolph (von Gothart) Johanna Adolfine Friederike von Gothart Adolph Christian Carl von Gothart |
| House | Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |
| Father | Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg |
| Mother | Magdalena Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst |
Life
editJohann Adolf was the youngest son of Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Magdalene Augusta of Anhalt-Zerbst. The prince was educated by Gottfried Christoph Sommer in Gotha and between 1735 and 1739 in Geneva.[1] He joined the Danish military service in 1739. On his Grand Tour in 1741 he visited France als later his sister Augusta in the United Kingdom where he also obtained a Ph.D. from the University of Oxford.
In 1742 he started his service in the army of the Electorate of Saxony[2] where he became holder of a regiment in 1744 that he commanded until 1746 on his own. He fought at the Battle of Hohenfriedberg. He became major general in 1746 and established his headquarter in Naumburg. In 1748 he obtained the Polish Order of the White Eagle and joined the Masonic lodge »Zu den drei Hammern« as »Chevalier de la Truelle d'Or« Master Masons in Naumburg.[3] Johann Adolf became Saxon lieutenant general in 1753.
During The Seven Years' War he was captured by the Prussian Army near Altenburg in 1756. He has been released once he has sworn not to fight the Prussians further. Later, the Prussian Army tried to absorb his regiment.[4]
Johann Adolf retired to Eisenberg where he had the house Markt 25 built in 1750. In 1756 he had built Schloss Friedrichstanneck nearby. After Prince Joseph of Saxe-Hildburghausen died in 1787 he became Elder of the Ernestine line of the House of Wettin, a position already hold by his older brother Frederick III until his death in 1772. Because of this position he obtained Oldisleben territory. Daniel Collenbusch became his personal physician in 1788. After Johann Adolf died in 1799 Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld became Elder of Ernestine Wettin and received the Oldisleben territory. Johann Adolf is buried at the chapel of Christiansburg Castle in Eisenberg.
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Marriage and issue
editThe Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and Saxe-Weimar considered a marriage between Johann Adolf and Princess Ernestine Albertine of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, daughter of Ernest Augustus I, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach. The negotiations delayed over the dowry. In the meantime Ernestine Albertine decided for Philip II, Count of Schaumburg-Lippe.[5] Johann Adolf later married Marie Maximiliane Elisabeth Schauer (25 October 1732 – 31 January 1779) morganatically.[6] They had three children of which two survived:[7]
- Friedrich Adolph (14 March 1760 – 17 March 1760) died in infancy.
- Johanna Adolfine Friederike (13 March 1761 – 15 September 1804) never married or had children.
- Adolph Christian Carl (9 January 1765 – 30 March 1835) never married and had no issue.
Marie Maximiliane Elisabeth Schauer was ennobled together with her two surviving children on 12 January 1779 by Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor with the surname “von Gothart” at the instigation of Johann Adolf .[8]
Ancestors
editReferences
edit- ^ Reinhard Breymayer, Friedrich Häussermann (2011-05-02). Die Lehrtafel der Prinzessin Antonia. Walter de Gruyter. p. 565. ISBN 978-3-11-083496-3.
- ^ Mercurii Relation, oder wochentliche Ordinari Zeitungen von underschidlichen Orthen: 1743. 1743-01-05.
- ^ Allgemeines Handbuch der Freimaurerei zweite völlig umgearbeitete Auflage von Lenning's Encyklopädie der Freimaurerei: Quaderstein-Zytomierz. F.A. Brockhaus. 1867.
- ^ See Kapitulation von Pirna und Infanterieregiment „S 54“ (1756) Ehemals kursächsische Regimenter
- ^ Knöfel, A.-S.: Dynastie und Prestige : Die Heiratspolitik der Wettiner. Köln u.a. : Böhlau, 2009, p. 358. (digital copy)
- ^ Weise, O.: Einige Mitteilungen über Prinz Johann Adolf von Sachsen-Gotha-Altenburg. In: Mitteilungen des Geschichts- und Altertumsforschenden Vereins zu Eisenberg, Heft 24(1906), p. 276. (digital copy)
- ^ Franz Fischer (1906), "Über die Inschriften und Denkmäler Eisenbergs", Mitteilungen des Geschichts- und Altertumsforschenden Vereins zu Eisenberg (in German), no. 21, Eisenberg, p. 40(Digitalisat)
- ^ Adelsstand mit der Bewilligung ihren bisher geführten Geschlechtsnamen Schaur abzulegen und "von Gothart" zu nennen. Reichsadelsakten Österreichisches Staatsarchiv (AT-OeStA/AVA Adel RAA 150.29)
- ^ Genealogie ascendante jusqu'au quatrieme degre inclusivement de tous les Rois et Princes de maisons souveraines de l'Europe actuellement vivans [Genealogy up to the fourth degree inclusive of all the Kings and Princes of sovereign houses of Europe currently living] (in French). Bourdeaux: Frederic Guillaume Birnstiel. 1768. p. 102.
Bibliography
edit- August Beck (1881), "Johann Adolf", Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (in German), vol. 14, Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, p. 376
- Johann Samuel Ersch: Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste, Zweite Sektion, 21. Teil, Leipzig, 1842, p. 240 (digital copy)
- Ranft, Michael: Die Politische Historie von Thüringen, Meißen und Sachsen, welche der sächsische Patriot aus den bewährtesten Nachrichten in XI Stücken der studirenden Jugend in möglichster Kürze aufrichtig erzehlet, Band 10, Leipzig : Holle, 1772, p. 181f. (digital copy)